Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidal behaviors, both important issues in adolescent health care, are frequently associated and possibly clinically related. Our objective was to explore the views of relations between nonsuicidal self-injury and suicidal behaviors during adolescence and young adulthood (11–25 years) expressed in the scientific (medical and psychological) literature. We adopted a textual approach to the process of synthesis to tell the story of the findings from the included studies. Our narrative systematic review of 64 articles found that they share the same risk factors. Integrated models envision nonsuicidal self-injury as a gateway enabling teens to acquire the capability for suicide. Because suicidal behavior short-circuits thought, it is difficult to conceive an intention to die during adolescents' acts of self-injury. Intention is constructed by the narrative of the act, influenced by numerous elements from the psychopathologic, cultural, religious, and philosophic context. Techniques of mentalizing-based treatments and work on the meaning that adolescents attribute to their behaviors might improve care.

Stress is a complex phenomenon that impacts the body and the mind at several levels. It has been studied for more than a century from different perspectives, which result in different definitions and different ways to assess the presence of stress. This paper introduces a methodology for analyzing multimodal stress detection results by taking into account the variety of stress assessments. As a first step, we have collected video, depth and physiological data from 25 subjects in a stressful situation: a socially evaluated mental arithmetic test. As a second step, we have acquired three different assessments of stress: self-assessment, assessments from external observers and assessment from a physiology expert. Finally, we extract 101 behavioural and physiological features and evaluate their predictive power for the three collected assessments using a classification task. Using multimodal features, we obtain average F1 scores up to 0.85. By investigating the composition of the best selected feature subsets and the individual feature classification performances, we show that several features provide valuable information for the classification of the three assessments: features related to body movement, blood volume pulse and heart rate. From a methodological point of view, we argue that a multiple assessment approach provide more robust results.

Prolidase is a ubiquitous enzyme that plays a major role in the metabolism of proline-rich proteins. Prolidase deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive inborn metabolic and multisystemic disease, characterized by a protean association of symptoms, namely intellectual disability, recurrent infections, splenomegaly, skin lesions, auto-immune disorders and cytopenia. To our knowledge, no published review has assembled the different clinical data and research studies over prolidase deficiency. The aim of this study is to summarize the actual state of the art from the descriptions of all the patients with a molecular diagnosis of prolidase deficiency reported to date regarding the clinical, biological, histopathological features, therapeutic options and functional studies.

Introduction: Depressive disorders among adolescents are public health challenges whether in terms of both morbidity and mortality. Because of the paucity of specific instruments to measure depression in adolescents, we undertook to design and develop a new tool, the ADRS (Adolescent Depression Rating Scale) using a qualitative and quantitative procedure. The psychometric properties of the ADRS have been already published in a previous paper (Revah-Levy, Birmaher, Gasquet, & Falissard, 2007). Goals: The aim of the present paper is to describe the results of the qualitative method we employed to build the scale which used in-depth interviews with 5 patients and 11 clinicians followed by a thematic analysis based on the principles of the Grounded Theory. Results: These research interviews yielded three aspects of the depressive experience: 1) Emotional state: irritability, the overwhelming nature of the depressive experience, negative perceptions of self and ideas of death; 2) non-emotional manifestations: mental slowing, sleep disturbances; 3) manifestations in social interactions: at work, in leisure activities, and in relationships. Using with three aspects of the depressive experience, a clinician version and a patient version of the scale were elaborated and submitted to a classical validation procedure leading to a final selection of 10 items for each (self and clinician) version of the instrument. Conclusions: This work supports the interest of using qualitative methods in psychiatric research to investigate the subjective experience of patients, which is a central dimension in clinical care.

Objective: Catatonia as a result of autoimmune conditions offers new therapeutic opportunities for patients that child and adolescent psychiatrists should consider. However, the diagnosis is sometimes challenging when an autoimmune signature is not identified. Methods: In this study, we aim to summarize seven cases from a 20-year series of 84 youths with catatonia, including three cases that represented a diagnostic challenge because of the absence of positive autoimmune testing. Results: Immunosuppressive/modulatory treatment improved catatonic and psychotic features in all cases. Conclusion: To facilitate treatment decision-making, we propose a causality assessment score and a treatment algorithm, which may help clinicians consider whether an autoimmune condition is associated with catatonia.

Introduction: Suicide and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) are major problems in adolescent psychiatry and share numerous clinical characteristics. The principal objective of this study is to describe the subjective experience of adolescent girls and young women who present NSSI and/or suicidal behaviors and to determine the common aspects and the specificities of each experience. Method: This exploratory study is based on a procedure that is qualitative, phenomenological, and inductive. The data were collected from two semi-structured interviews each of 18 girls and young women aged 12–21 years, who were receiving care from a psychiatrist specializing in adolescents and who at least once had harmed themselves by NSSI or attempted suicide, or both. The thematic data analysis was performed by applying the methods of interpretative phenomenological analysis. Results: The results are described around four superordinate themes: relationships with the self, with others/otherness, with the body, and with death; they are then subdivided into 13 themes. Several themes appeared common to both types of behavior, especially the relational dimension of self-harming acts. The process of separation-individuation seems complex for these youth. Conclusion: The results underline the relational aspects of the self-harming behavior (NSSI or suicidal) among adolescent girls. These aspects also appear to be expressed in the family sphere, the social sphere, in contact with peers, and also at a societal level when the community no longer addresses adolescents' difficulties. When the process of subjectification does not appear to reach completion, self-aggressive behavior is seen as an ultimate attempt to regain a feeling of autonomy.