Coffee is an annual crop sensitive to climate variability. Most Indonesian coffee is cultivated on marginal lands that are vulnerable to environmental changes, including climate. Indonesia's climate variability is influenced by several factors, including the monsoon, local aspects, and global climate oscillations such as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). It is crucial to identify the impacts of climate variability on both the production and the economy to develop adaptative measures. This study aims to determine the effects of global climate variability, namely ENSO and IOD, on coffee production in several Indonesian production centers. It uses annual coffee production data in the five major production centers in Indonesia. The ENSO indicators used in this study were the Oceanic Nino Index (ONI) in the Nino 3.4 region and the IOD indicator in the Dipole Mode Index (DMI). The production anomaly analysis approach in neutral years and the extreme ENSO and IOD phases were applied in this study. The results showed that the effects of ENSO and IOD were different in each region. The highest decline in production occurred in the La-Nina year in almost all production centers. The decline in output in the La-Nina year ranged from 6 to 22%. Meanwhile, the IOD that had a decreasing effect on production was positive IOD with a decrease ranging from 1 to 15%. Key words: ENSO; IOD; Economy; Climate change.

Karakterisasi merupakan tahap awal dari kegiatan pemuliaan tanaman semangka. Berdasarkan kegiatan tersebut, akan diketahui keragaman genetik yang ada. Informasi mengenai keragaman genetik terhadap karakter yang diamati dapat dimanfaatkan pada tahap pemuliaan berikutnya. Percobaan ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi keragaman genetik dan mempelajari hubungan kekerabatan antargenotipe semangka berdasarkan tingkat ketidakmiripannya. Percobaan dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Leuwikopo, University Farm IPB pada Oktober 2014 hingga Januari 2015. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak dengan 8 genotipe uji hasil eksplorasi dan 1 genotipe pembanding. Hasil analisis ragam menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh genotipe uji terdapat pada seluruh karakter yang diamati. Karakter bobot buah, panjang buah, tebal perikarp, kekerasan daging buah, padatan terlarut total daging buah, hari berbunga, dan hari panen memiliki nilai duga heritabilitas arti luar yang tinggi. Karakter panjang petiol memiliki nilai duga heritabilitas yang sedang, dan nilai duga heritabilitas pada karakter diameter buah tidak dapat diketahui. Berdasarkan hasil uji hedonik, hanya genotipe Bengkulu 3 yang disukai oleh panelis pada karakter warna, aroma, tekstur, dan rasa daging buah. Hasil analisis gerombol menunjukkan bahwa genotipe yang berasal dari daerah yang sama secara umum akan mengelompok pada kelompok kekerabatan yang sama.

Ritonga AW, Mukhlisin, Sutjahjo SH. 2025. Estimation of genetic parameters and path analysis in sweet-waxy corn (Zea mays var. ceratina). Biodiversitas 26: 879-889. Waxy corn is commonly consumed as a staple food in Eastern Indonesia. The development of hybrid sweet-waxy corn is crucial for enhancing its quality and productivity. The information about genetic parameters and yield-related traits is essential in plant breeding programs to obtain high-yielding hybrids. This study aimed to determine the genetic variability, heritability, and yield-related traits in sweet-waxy corn hybrids. This research was carried out at two locations, Bogor and Lampung, from September 2023 to February 2024. Fifteen sweet-waxy corn hybrids were sown in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The recorded data were plant height, ear height, stem diameter, leaf width, leaf length, the number of leaves, the number of kernels per row, the number of rows per ear, ear diameter, ear length, and ear weight without husk. The findings revealed that the G1, G7, and G12 hybrids demonstrated superior yield traits at both locations. All observed traits demonstrated high heritability, with the exception of stem diameter and the number of kernels per row. The phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation were within the moderate to high, with percentages ranging from 4.15% to 16.69%. Correlation analysis suggested a positive association between ear weight without husks with the other traits. Ear diameter, ear length, and the number of kernels per row had highly positive direct effects on the ear weight without husks, while leaf width had a strong indirect effect through ear diameter (0.415). Thus, these traits may be utilized as selection criteria in corn breeding programs.