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Prof. Junbeum Kim
CREIDD Research Centre on Environmental Studies & Sustainability, Department of Humanities, Environment & Information Technology, University of Technology of Troyes, Troyes, France

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0 Industrial Ecology
0 Life Cycle Assessment
0 Sustainable Engineering
0 environmental
0 Agricultural and forestry biomass to bioenergy

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Preprint content
Published: 07 April 2021
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The present work was conducted to characterize and monitor the air quality in terms of pollution and toxicity impact using two evergreen tree leaves, Eucalyptus globulus Labill and Ficus benjamina L. as biomonitors. Thirty tree leaves and an equal number of co-located soil samples from different regions of Egypt (urban Greater Cairo Metropolitan GC and rural Menoufia Governorate MG) were collected. The concentrations of 34 and 40 elements were determined using instrumental neutron activation analysis and atomic absorption spectrometer. Bivariate and multivariate statistical analysis were implemented. The air pollution was assessed using enrichment factor, pollution load index, potential ecological risk, and risk index. In addition, human and ecotoxicity were evaluated based on the ReCiPe method. The mean concentration values of the obtained elements in tree leaves in urban Greater Cairo and rural Menoufia Governorate show that the major elements are slightly higher in F. benjamina than in E. globulus. Likewise, the mean values of elements in soil from Greater Cairo and Menoufia Governorate show no significant difference except for major elements (Fe, Al, Mg, K, Na, and Ti) in Menoufia Governorate. The normalized concentrations of tree species and soil show that the accumulated elements by F. benjamina is slightly higher than in E. globulus in Greater Cairo GC and Menoufia Governorate MG. While in terms of the investigated area, the concentrations of elements in MG is considerably higher than in GC. PLI spatial distribution over investigated areas showed that despite high population density, heavy traffic, and urban pollution, the Cairo samples exhibit significantly lower values as compared to those from Menoufia, which is most likely due to the uncontrolled industrial and domestic waste disposal outside Cairo. PER was significant for As in Soil and for As and Cd for tree species. Human toxicity shows higher values in urban locations. Contrariwise, in the terrestrial ecotoxicity aspect, the rural locations are much higher than in urban ones.

ACS Style

Wael M Badawy; Yasmin Sarhan; Octavian G Duliu; Junbeum Kim; Nikita Yushin; Hussein El Samman; Abdel Azim Hussein; Marina Frontasyeva; Alexey Shcheglov. Monitoring of Air Pollutants Using Plants and Co-Located Soil – Egypt: Characteristics, Pollution, and Toxicity Impact. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Wael M Badawy, Yasmin Sarhan, Octavian G Duliu, Junbeum Kim, Nikita Yushin, Hussein El Samman, Abdel Azim Hussein, Marina Frontasyeva, Alexey Shcheglov. Monitoring of Air Pollutants Using Plants and Co-Located Soil – Egypt: Characteristics, Pollution, and Toxicity Impact. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wael M Badawy; Yasmin Sarhan; Octavian G Duliu; Junbeum Kim; Nikita Yushin; Hussein El Samman; Abdel Azim Hussein; Marina Frontasyeva; Alexey Shcheglov. 2021. "Monitoring of Air Pollutants Using Plants and Co-Located Soil – Egypt: Characteristics, Pollution, and Toxicity Impact." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 28 August 2020 in Resources, Conservation and Recycling
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The sustainability of the ship recycling industry strongly linked with the global shipping market and international commodity flows. More than 80% of the End of Life (EoL) ships are dismantled in South Asian countries, namely Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan. Due to measures taken to minimize the propagation of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), an international supply chain is broken to a historic low, except for certain medical-related urgencies. Due to the disruption of global supply chains, the industry may submerge into uncertainty due to, perhaps, lack of adequate labor force to dismantle increased EoL ships and due to disturbances of vessel transportation to the recycling nations amid strong precautionary measures. Our estimate suggests that about 300 million Gross Tonnage (GT) available for demolition in the next five years and the inability to get them recycled would cost about 20 billion dollars. More importantly, South Asian recycling nations would suffer from economic losses and employment opportunities. In this study, we also apply a scenario analysis technique to understand the impact range of COVID-19 in the short term and in the long term. The disruption is viewed through a circular economy framework, identifying a critical lack of ‘global scale’ acknowledgment in the circular economy framework. This article suggests that a formalized global scale, paralleled with favorable policies, may reduce supply chain disruption and improve sustainable development in the receiving nations.

ACS Style

S.M. Mizanur Rahman; Junbeum Kim; Bertrand Laratte. Disruption in Circularity? Impact analysis of COVID-19 on ship recycling using Weibull tonnage estimation and scenario analysis method. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2020, 164, 105139 -105139.

AMA Style

S.M. Mizanur Rahman, Junbeum Kim, Bertrand Laratte. Disruption in Circularity? Impact analysis of COVID-19 on ship recycling using Weibull tonnage estimation and scenario analysis method. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2020; 164 ():105139-105139.

Chicago/Turabian Style

S.M. Mizanur Rahman; Junbeum Kim; Bertrand Laratte. 2020. "Disruption in Circularity? Impact analysis of COVID-19 on ship recycling using Weibull tonnage estimation and scenario analysis method." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 164, no. : 105139-105139.

Journal article
Published: 15 August 2020 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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The iron and steel industry is one of the most energy-intensive industrial sectors, which makes a significant worldwide contribution to resource and energy consumption, as well as to carbon dioxide emissions. Up to date, much effort has been put into increasing the global efficiency of the internal production processes. Still, the potential for improvements tends to be more and more limited at the level of a steel plant. That is why many methodologies and tools have been, and are still being, developed to study industrial symbiosis in such areas, but most of them propose a static view. Indeed, typically integrated iron and steel plants have a significant role to play in industrial symbiosis. However, the question remains: how to evaluate the economic and environmental benefits or impacts of industrial symbiosis on such industrial sites? Therefore, the objective of this study is to propose a new methodology based on the concepts of system dynamics while providing a systematic approach for assessing these industrial symbiosis performances. This approach relies on a dynamic model resulting from the combination of a physicochemical sub-model and a system dynamics sub-model. This model built and applied a whole steel plant is fed by all resource and energy flows (i.e., not limited to one process but considering all processes). This dynamic model is tested and validated over a two-year simulation period using different statistical tests that show its relevance to industrial symbiosis scenario simulations involving complex systems fed by variable resource and energy flows. This proposal can thus be used to simulate the substitution or exchange of any material and energy streams of steel plants while allowing the economic and environmental benefits or impacts to be quantified from any industrial symbiosis configuration.

ACS Style

Raphaël Norbert; Junbeum Kim; Gérard Griffay. A system dynamics framework for the assessment of resource and energy efficiency in iron and steel plants. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 276, 123663 .

AMA Style

Raphaël Norbert, Junbeum Kim, Gérard Griffay. A system dynamics framework for the assessment of resource and energy efficiency in iron and steel plants. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 276 ():123663.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Raphaël Norbert; Junbeum Kim; Gérard Griffay. 2020. "A system dynamics framework for the assessment of resource and energy efficiency in iron and steel plants." Journal of Cleaner Production 276, no. : 123663.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2020 in Resources, Conservation and Recycling
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ACS Style

Cheul-Kyu Lee; Jae-Young Lee; Junbeum Kim. Recyclability and Recoverability of Rolling Stock with Recycling Efficiency Factors. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2020, 155, 1 .

AMA Style

Cheul-Kyu Lee, Jae-Young Lee, Junbeum Kim. Recyclability and Recoverability of Rolling Stock with Recycling Efficiency Factors. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2020; 155 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cheul-Kyu Lee; Jae-Young Lee; Junbeum Kim. 2020. "Recyclability and Recoverability of Rolling Stock with Recycling Efficiency Factors." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 155, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 27 February 2020 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Circular economy focuses on the extension of material and resource circularity within the economic system in order to minimize the extraction of natural resources. Attaining such circularity requires the integration of adverse impacts on the place in which the process takes place, as not all recycling activities occur within the same perimeter. The shipbreaking phenomenon epitomizes the circularity of metal that helps reaching the circular economy targets, but is often carried out far from the origin of the commodity, raising issues regarding proximate recycling. This study illustrates this aspect by analyzing the global ship flow pattern, domestic metabolism, and global environmental savings. Our results suggest that size of the ships rather than flagging pattern determines the recycling destination, as smaller ships are recycled in standard destinations despite being popularly flagged while large ships are recycled in substandard destinations despite being owned by standard recycling nations such as Turkey. We also see that shipbreaking avoids (70–90%) environmental impacts at the cost of (1–5%) disposal impacts and (5–20%) domestic processing impacts. Evaluating proximate recycling against distant recycling shows that the former performs worse by far (95 against 184) than the latter. We suggest that pursuing distant recycling rather than proximate recycling is globally imperative and thus, a beyond-border extended producer responsibility can be initiated to minimize beyond-border adverse impacts of distant recycling.

ACS Style

S.M. Mizanur Rahman; Junbeum Kim. Circular economy, proximity, and shipbreaking: A material flow and environmental impact analysis. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 259, 120681 .

AMA Style

S.M. Mizanur Rahman, Junbeum Kim. Circular economy, proximity, and shipbreaking: A material flow and environmental impact analysis. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 259 ():120681.

Chicago/Turabian Style

S.M. Mizanur Rahman; Junbeum Kim. 2020. "Circular economy, proximity, and shipbreaking: A material flow and environmental impact analysis." Journal of Cleaner Production 259, no. : 120681.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2020 in Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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Objective : In this study, we proposed the concept of the particulate matter footprint (PM Footprint) and assessed the PM Footprint in transportation modes (road, rail, and water transportation). In addition, we assessed the contribution of secondary particulate matter formation gas emissions, which contribute to particulate matter formation.Method : To calculate the PM Footprint in the transportation sector, the ReCiPe life cycle impact assessment method in life cycle assessment (LCA) was used. For the PM Footprint of each transportation mode, the life cycle inventory data were multiplied by the characterization factors of PM10, PM2.5 and secondary particulate matter formation emissions such as NOx, SOx, NH3. The PM Footprint values were shown in kg PM2.5 eqv. value.Results and Discussion : The road transportation (trucks) had a much higher PM Footprint value than rail and water transportation in tkm unit based. In the road transportation mode, small size truck such as 3.5 tons (1.37E-03 kg PM2.5 eqv./tkm), 3.51~5 tons (9.65E-04 kg PM2.5 eqv./tkm), 1.25 tons (8.38E-04 kg PM2.5 eqv./tkm), and 1 ton (7.83E-04 kg PM2.5 eqv./tkm) had higher PM Footprint value than big size trucks. In the rail transportation mode, the diesel rail transportation had the highest PM Footprint value, followed by electric + diesel rail transportation and electric rail transportation. In the water transportation mode, the tanker LNG_100 dwt had the highest PM Footprint value, followed by ro-ro ship coastal, and tanker coastal 500~20,000 dwt. The secondary particulate matter formation emissions (NOx, SOx, NH3) contributed to PM Footprint value with 59% in road transportation, 80% in rail transportation, and 61% in water transportation. Conclusions : The PM Footprint values, which shown in this study and the results of the directed polluted PM and secondary gas emissions should be considered for national PM reduction policy and planning. Finally, a certification system using the PM Footprint in this study should be developed and settled down for national PM reduction.

ACS Style

Junbeum Kim; Seungjun Jeon; Jaeryoung Song; Gayoung Choi. A Study on Particulate Matter Footprint Calculation on Transportation Modes. Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 2020, 42, 1 -9.

AMA Style

Junbeum Kim, Seungjun Jeon, Jaeryoung Song, Gayoung Choi. A Study on Particulate Matter Footprint Calculation on Transportation Modes. Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers. 2020; 42 (1):1-9.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Junbeum Kim; Seungjun Jeon; Jaeryoung Song; Gayoung Choi. 2020. "A Study on Particulate Matter Footprint Calculation on Transportation Modes." Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 42, no. 1: 1-9.

Short review
Published: 02 December 2019 in Resources, Conservation and Recycling
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ACS Style

Sm Mizanur Rahman; Nicolas Perry; Julian M. Müller; Junbeum Kim; Bertrand Laratte. End-of-Life in industry 4.0: Ignored as before? Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2019, 154, 104539 .

AMA Style

Sm Mizanur Rahman, Nicolas Perry, Julian M. Müller, Junbeum Kim, Bertrand Laratte. End-of-Life in industry 4.0: Ignored as before? Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2019; 154 ():104539.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sm Mizanur Rahman; Nicolas Perry; Julian M. Müller; Junbeum Kim; Bertrand Laratte. 2019. "End-of-Life in industry 4.0: Ignored as before?" Resources, Conservation and Recycling 154, no. : 104539.

Journal article
Published: 29 August 2019 in Sustainability
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The Circular Economy is gaining recognition for its attention to increasing material circularity by proposing a set of value retention options, and organizing business, institutions, and policies for their implementation. Light emitting diode (LED) lamp recycling is becoming increasingly important due to their growing market share and precious metal content. Instead of the current shredding approach, this study applied higher value retention options, such as testing for the functionality of the bulb at the product level, manual disassembly to reuse parts at the component level, and automatic disassembly for industrial scale reuse. This study finds that the effort that is needed to implement higher value retention options (such as reuse) requires a new form of secondary business, wider networks of recycling chains, and favorable policies. It also shows that about 50% of the lamp waste stream is still functioning and economically attractive if they are remarketed. However, the demand-pull market conditions seem to be missing. For manual disassembly, the output fractions are cleaner, but it is not economically feasible due to high labor cost. On the other hand, automatic disassembly does not produce cleaner fractions due to wide design variability. Thus, this study suggests that shifting from shredding-focused-resource recovery to reuse-based-resource circularity requires a comprehensive framework that simultaneously encourages secondary market formation, collaboration between manufacturers, recyclers and companies, and the formulation of favorable reuse policies. This study applies insights from circular economy principles to LED lamp recycling, and it also contributes to the latter by identifying challenges and possible solutions.

ACS Style

S.M. Mizanur Rahman; Junbeum Kim; Gilles Lerondel; Youcef Bouzidi; Laure Clerget. Value Retention Options in Circular Economy: Issues and Challenges of LED Lamp Preprocessing. Sustainability 2019, 11, 4723 .

AMA Style

S.M. Mizanur Rahman, Junbeum Kim, Gilles Lerondel, Youcef Bouzidi, Laure Clerget. Value Retention Options in Circular Economy: Issues and Challenges of LED Lamp Preprocessing. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (17):4723.

Chicago/Turabian Style

S.M. Mizanur Rahman; Junbeum Kim; Gilles Lerondel; Youcef Bouzidi; Laure Clerget. 2019. "Value Retention Options in Circular Economy: Issues and Challenges of LED Lamp Preprocessing." Sustainability 11, no. 17: 4723.

Journal article
Published: 06 March 2019 in Resources, Conservation and Recycling
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In the specific case of French onshore wind farms, waste management of these systems has become an important factor of the wind energy industry’s sustainability. The aim of this paper is to quantify wind turbine (WT) material wastes and flows across the Champagne-Ardenne (CA) region from 2002 to 2020. To do so, a material flow analysis (MFA) model was used. It included three maintenance strategies used for onshore wind turbines. Results show that more than 1 million tons of material will ultimately be generated at the EoL of CA wind farms. The main EoL materials are ferrous and non-ferrous metals, polymers, glass and concrete. The main EoL materials are ferrous and non-ferrous metals, polymers, glass and concrete. In this total, blades and composite EoL materials that need to be managed, account for more than 27,000 tons; there are 523,227 tons of steel and iron materials that need to be handled; 6617 tons of copper, and 28,179 tons of aluminum flows. Landfill concrete accounts for 734,230 tons. When the concrete in foundation is not considered, 73% of an average wind turbine can be recycled. With the first generation of WT reaching their EoL phase and taking into account that no dismantling or recycling facilities of WT components have emerged in the French territory, the potential of WT wastes available for treatment (recycle, incinerate, landfill etc.) is still increasing.

ACS Style

Nacef Tazi; Junbeum Kim; Youcef Bouzidi; Eric Chatelet; Gang Liu. Waste and material flow analysis in the end-of-life wind energy system. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2019, 145, 199 -207.

AMA Style

Nacef Tazi, Junbeum Kim, Youcef Bouzidi, Eric Chatelet, Gang Liu. Waste and material flow analysis in the end-of-life wind energy system. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2019; 145 ():199-207.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nacef Tazi; Junbeum Kim; Youcef Bouzidi; Eric Chatelet; Gang Liu. 2019. "Waste and material flow analysis in the end-of-life wind energy system." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 145, no. : 199-207.

Journal article
Published: 16 February 2019 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Due to increasing production and consumption of chemical substances, chemical accidents involving the unintentional release of one or more hazardous substances harmful to human health or the environment have increased in frequently. Such accidents include fires, explosions, leaks and complex accidents. In this study, a butadiene substance flow analysis in South Korea was developed using the chemical substance flow analysis (CSFA) method. Results show that butadiene has been used in 1,450,076 tons of domestic chemical materials in South Korea. Of this amount, 28.2% was consumed and used in the styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) industry, 29% in the polybutadiene rubber (BR) industry, 21.2% in the acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) industry, and 21.5% in the other rubber products industry. Furthermore, butadiene has been used in the manufacturing of final products such as automotive supplies and equipment, tires, shoes, and consumer electronics. Among the manufacturing of final products, it was found that about 39% of butadiene was used for tire manufacturing. The study also quantified atmospheric emissions. About 56.7 tons of butadiene were emitted into the atmosphere. Results of a regional analysis within South Korea show that butadiene was treated in 5 cities and 7 provinces. The largest amount of butadiene was used in the Chungnam region with 696, 264 tons. Jeollanam used 479,529 tons and Ulsan used 226,724 tons, with Chonnam and Chungbuk having the largest number of handling companies. Among the 23 divisions of the standard industrial classification, the flow in the manufacture of synthetic resin or other plastic material was found to account for about 70% of the total flow of butadiene. The results of this chemical substance flow analysis of butadiene can be used to reduce the risks of chemical use and support sustainable chemical management in South Korea.

ACS Style

Seung-Jin Lee; Jang Woo Kim; Yong Woo Hwang; Junbeum Kim; Youngwoon Kim; Sha Chen. Butadiene substance flow analysis and management in South Korea. Journal of Cleaner Production 2019, 220, 331 -339.

AMA Style

Seung-Jin Lee, Jang Woo Kim, Yong Woo Hwang, Junbeum Kim, Youngwoon Kim, Sha Chen. Butadiene substance flow analysis and management in South Korea. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2019; 220 ():331-339.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Seung-Jin Lee; Jang Woo Kim; Yong Woo Hwang; Junbeum Kim; Youngwoon Kim; Sha Chen. 2019. "Butadiene substance flow analysis and management in South Korea." Journal of Cleaner Production 220, no. : 331-339.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2018 in Ecological Indicators
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ACS Style

Albina Yalaltdinova; Junbeum Kim; Natalia Baranovskaya; Leonid P. Rikhvanov. Populus nigra L. as a bioindicator of atmospheric trace element pollution and potential toxic impacts on human and ecosystem. Ecological Indicators 2018, 95, 974 -983.

AMA Style

Albina Yalaltdinova, Junbeum Kim, Natalia Baranovskaya, Leonid P. Rikhvanov. Populus nigra L. as a bioindicator of atmospheric trace element pollution and potential toxic impacts on human and ecosystem. Ecological Indicators. 2018; 95 ():974-983.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Albina Yalaltdinova; Junbeum Kim; Natalia Baranovskaya; Leonid P. Rikhvanov. 2018. "Populus nigra L. as a bioindicator of atmospheric trace element pollution and potential toxic impacts on human and ecosystem." Ecological Indicators 95, no. : 974-983.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2018 in Canadian Journal of Forest Research
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By incorporating the consideration of local issues, local value creation (LVC) creates value for local stakeholders, favoring local industry, local economic activity, and local availability of materials, services, and skills. The purpose of this study is to understand how local values in forest management could be framed and defined within the French forest management context and to explore how the process of LVC could be modeled. Therefore, in this study, we propose a meta-model that can be applied to ecosystem services provided by forests, enhancing the importance of the local context. Also, we introduce the concept of value creation, its connection with forest management, and the pivotal role of stakeholders in value definition. Finally, the way in which this generic conceptual model of the LVC can be applied to the forest management system in France is presented and discussed.

ACS Style

Natalia Sirina; Serge Rohmer; Benjamin Tyl; Junbeum Kim; Johan Leseurre. Conceptual model of local value creation applied to forest management in France. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 2018, 48, 360 -370.

AMA Style

Natalia Sirina, Serge Rohmer, Benjamin Tyl, Junbeum Kim, Johan Leseurre. Conceptual model of local value creation applied to forest management in France. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 2018; 48 (4):360-370.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Natalia Sirina; Serge Rohmer; Benjamin Tyl; Junbeum Kim; Johan Leseurre. 2018. "Conceptual model of local value creation applied to forest management in France." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 48, no. 4: 360-370.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2018 in Resources, Conservation and Recycling
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ACS Style

Jean-Baptiste Bahers; Junbeum Kim. Regional approach of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) management in France. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2018, 129, 45 -55.

AMA Style

Jean-Baptiste Bahers, Junbeum Kim. Regional approach of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) management in France. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2018; 129 ():45-55.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jean-Baptiste Bahers; Junbeum Kim. 2018. "Regional approach of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) management in France." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 129, no. : 45-55.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2017 in Resources, Conservation and Recycling
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ACS Style

S.M. Mizanur Rahman; Junbeum Kim; Gilles Lerondel; Youcef Bouzidi; Komla Nomenyo; Laure Clerget. Missing research focus in end-of-life management of light-emitting diode (LED) lamps. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2017, 127, 256 -258.

AMA Style

S.M. Mizanur Rahman, Junbeum Kim, Gilles Lerondel, Youcef Bouzidi, Komla Nomenyo, Laure Clerget. Missing research focus in end-of-life management of light-emitting diode (LED) lamps. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2017; 127 ():256-258.

Chicago/Turabian Style

S.M. Mizanur Rahman; Junbeum Kim; Gilles Lerondel; Youcef Bouzidi; Komla Nomenyo; Laure Clerget. 2017. "Missing research focus in end-of-life management of light-emitting diode (LED) lamps." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 127, no. : 256-258.

Journal article
Published: 26 November 2017 in Energies
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Lead-acid batteries (LABs), a widely used energy storage equipment in cars and electric vehicles, are becoming serious problems due to their high environmental impact. In this study, an integrated method, combining material flow analysis with life cycle assessment, was developed to analyze the environmental emissions and burdens of lead in LABs. The environmental burdens from other materials in LABs were not included. The results indicated that the amount of primary lead used in LABs accounted for 77% of the total lead production in 2014 in China. The amount of discharged lead into the environment was 8.54 × 105 tonnes, which was mainly from raw material extraction (57.2%). The largest environmental burden was from the raw materials extraction and processing, which accounted for 81.7% of the total environmental burdens. The environmental burdens of the environmental toxicity potential, human toxicity potential-cancer, human toxicity potential-non-cancer, water footprint and land use accounted for more than 90% at this stage. Moreover, the environmental burdens from primary lead was much more serious than regenerated lead. On the basis of the results, main practical measures and policies were proposed to reduce the lead emissions and environmental burdens of LABs in China, namely establishing an effective LABs recycling system, enlarging the market share of the legal regenerated lead, regulating the production of regenerated lead, and avoiding the long-distance transportation of the waste LABs.

ACS Style

Sha Chen; ZhenYue Lian; Sumei Li; Junbeum Kim; Yipei Li; Lei Cao; Zunwen Liu. The Environmental Burdens of Lead-Acid Batteries in China: Insights from an Integrated Material Flow Analysis and Life Cycle Assessment of Lead. Energies 2017, 10, 1969 .

AMA Style

Sha Chen, ZhenYue Lian, Sumei Li, Junbeum Kim, Yipei Li, Lei Cao, Zunwen Liu. The Environmental Burdens of Lead-Acid Batteries in China: Insights from an Integrated Material Flow Analysis and Life Cycle Assessment of Lead. Energies. 2017; 10 (12):1969.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sha Chen; ZhenYue Lian; Sumei Li; Junbeum Kim; Yipei Li; Lei Cao; Zunwen Liu. 2017. "The Environmental Burdens of Lead-Acid Batteries in China: Insights from an Integrated Material Flow Analysis and Life Cycle Assessment of Lead." Energies 10, no. 12: 1969.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2017 in Resources, Conservation and Recycling
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ACS Style

Muhammad Imran; Sajjad Haydar; Junbeum Kim; Muhammad Rizwan Awan; Amanat Ali Bhatti. E-waste flows, resource recovery and improvement of legal framework in Pakistan. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2017, 125, 131 -138.

AMA Style

Muhammad Imran, Sajjad Haydar, Junbeum Kim, Muhammad Rizwan Awan, Amanat Ali Bhatti. E-waste flows, resource recovery and improvement of legal framework in Pakistan. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2017; 125 ():131-138.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Imran; Sajjad Haydar; Junbeum Kim; Muhammad Rizwan Awan; Amanat Ali Bhatti. 2017. "E-waste flows, resource recovery and improvement of legal framework in Pakistan." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 125, no. : 131-138.

Research article
Published: 18 September 2017 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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In this study, the chemical substance flow of hydrogen fluoride (hydrofluoric acid, HF) in domestic chemical industries in 2014 was analyzed in order to provide a basic material and information for the establishment of organized management system to ensure safety during HF applications. A total of 44,751 tons of HF was made by four domestic companies (in 2014); import amount was 95,984 tons in 2014 while 21,579 tons of HF was imported in 2005. The export amount of HF was 2180 tons, of which 2074 ton (China, 1422 tons, U.S. 524 tons, and Malaysia, 128 tons) was exported for the manufacturing of semiconductors. Based on the export and import amounts, it can be inferred that HF was used for manufacturing semiconductors. The industries applications of 161,123 tons of HF were as follows: manufacturing of basic inorganic chemical substance (27,937 tons), manufacturing of other chemical products such as detergents (28,208 tons), manufacturing of flat display (24,896 tons), and manufacturing of glass container package (22,002 tons). In this study, an analysis of the chemical substance flow showed that HF was mainly used in the semiconductor industry as well as glass container manufacturing. Combined with other risk management tools and approaches in the chemical industry, the chemical substance flow analysis (CSFA) can be a useful tool and method for assessment and management. The current CSFA results provide useful information for policy making in the chemical industry and national systems. Hydrogen fluoride chemical substance flows in 2014 in South Korea.

ACS Style

Junbeum Kim; Yongwoo Hwang; Mijin Yoo; Sha Chen; Ik-Mo Lee. Hydrogen fluoride (HF) substance flow analysis for safe and sustainable chemical industry. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2017, 24, 25137 -25145.

AMA Style

Junbeum Kim, Yongwoo Hwang, Mijin Yoo, Sha Chen, Ik-Mo Lee. Hydrogen fluoride (HF) substance flow analysis for safe and sustainable chemical industry. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2017; 24 (32):25137-25145.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Junbeum Kim; Yongwoo Hwang; Mijin Yoo; Sha Chen; Ik-Mo Lee. 2017. "Hydrogen fluoride (HF) substance flow analysis for safe and sustainable chemical industry." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 24, no. 32: 25137-25145.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2017 in Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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ACS Style

Junbeum Kim. Assessment and Estimation of Particulate Matter Formation Potential and Respiratory Effects from Air Emission Matters in Industrial Sectors and Cities/Regions. Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 2017, 39, 220 -228.

AMA Style

Junbeum Kim. Assessment and Estimation of Particulate Matter Formation Potential and Respiratory Effects from Air Emission Matters in Industrial Sectors and Cities/Regions. Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers. 2017; 39 (4):220-228.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Junbeum Kim. 2017. "Assessment and Estimation of Particulate Matter Formation Potential and Respiratory Effects from Air Emission Matters in Industrial Sectors and Cities/Regions." Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 39, no. 4: 220-228.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2017 in Science of The Total Environment
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China is the world's largest emitter of carbon dioxide, and it is also one of the largest fluorescent lamp consuming and producing country in the world. However, there are few studies evaluating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of fluorescent lamps in China. This analysis compared GHG emissions of compact fluorescent lamps with linear fluorescent lamps using life cycle assessment method in China's national conditions. The GHG emissions of fluorescent lamps from their manufacture to the final disposal phase on the national level of China were also quantified. The results indicate that the use phase dominates the GHG emissions for both lamps. Linear fluorescent lamp is a better source of light compared to compact fluorescent lamp with respect to GHG emissions. The analysis found that in 2011, China generated around 710.90milliontons CO-eq associated with fluorescent lamps. The raw material production and use phases accounted for major GHG emissions. More than half of GHG emissions during the domestic production were embodied in the exported lamps in recent years. This urges the government to take necessary measures that lead to more environmental friendly production, consumption and trade patterns.

ACS Style

Sha Chen; Jiaxing Zhang; Junbeum Kim. Life cycle analysis of greenhouse gas emissions for fluorescent lamps in mainland China. Science of The Total Environment 2017, 575, 467 -473.

AMA Style

Sha Chen, Jiaxing Zhang, Junbeum Kim. Life cycle analysis of greenhouse gas emissions for fluorescent lamps in mainland China. Science of The Total Environment. 2017; 575 ():467-473.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sha Chen; Jiaxing Zhang; Junbeum Kim. 2017. "Life cycle analysis of greenhouse gas emissions for fluorescent lamps in mainland China." Science of The Total Environment 575, no. : 467-473.

Review
Published: 01 October 2016 in Resources, Conservation and Recycling
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The cobalt crisis at the end of 20th century and the recent rare earth elements debate in World Trade Organisation (WTO) both showed the importance of certain materials to numerous industries and even to the economy, defence and politics of individual countries. This fact prompted some authorities to launch organisations which focus on these critical materials and conduct studies on them. A good understanding of current or potential future situations of criticality of materials can help stakeholders to make better decisions to mitigate the criticality issues or take measures in advance. Furthermore, a review of critical materials studies provides a global view of this research area and be served as a reference material for future critical material studies. However, there is not yet a comprehensive study on diagnosis of criticality. Only some studies focused on finding critical materials in one specific region, country or offering recommendations accordingly. Also no product level methodology is available publicly. Therefore, the purposes of this study are (1) to show existing works about critical materials; (2) to help readers who want to carry on a critical materials study by showing: extract definitions of criticality as well as methodologies for determining the critical materials, including dimensions, data sources etc.; (3) to illustrate a criticality research area map as well as research gaps. Studies on critical materials are still at an early stage, evaluation methodologies can be improved and more sectors and regions need critical materials studies.

ACS Style

Yanya Jin; Junbeum Kim; Bertrand Guillaume. Review of critical material studies. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2016, 113, 77 -87.

AMA Style

Yanya Jin, Junbeum Kim, Bertrand Guillaume. Review of critical material studies. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2016; 113 ():77-87.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yanya Jin; Junbeum Kim; Bertrand Guillaume. 2016. "Review of critical material studies." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 113, no. : 77-87.