La atención primaria de salud (APS) tiene un rol fundamental en la detección oportuna y tratamiento de los trastornos depresivos. Investigaciones internacionales y nacionales convergen en indicar que la prevalencia de TD en atención primaria es elevada, si bien las cifras precisas son objeto de discusión por consideraciones conceptuales y metodológicas; estas investigaciones también convergen en indicar la existencia de una baja tasa de detección de trastornos depresivos en APS^5,6. Estudios nacionales reportan prevalencias de 24,4% de trastornos mentales comunes en centros de APS en la zona centro sur del país, donde el trastorno depresivo estuvo presente en 13,4% de los usuarios (Saldivia S. Prevalencia y variables asociadas a trastornos mentales comunes en Centros de Atención Primaria de la Provincia de Concepción. Tesis de Magíster. Santiago: Universidad de Chile; 2016). Sobre la misma muestra, la tasa de detección de trastornos mentales comunes por los médicos de APS alcanzó a 57,8% de los diagnósticos activos⁷.

Parenting is a transforming experience for the life of parents that brings joy and satisfaction as well as challenges, frustration, and demands. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between “parental stress and satisfaction” and work-home conflict, perceived social support, and global satisfaction with life, and to determine the moderating role of the parent's gender. A sample of 244 participants was studied: 49.6% (121) mothers and 50.4% (123) fathers with children between 2 and 12 years of age. The data was analysed by means of multiple linear regression models and Beta regression for stress and parental satisfaction, respectively, and they were complemented with general and conditional dominance analyses to estimate the relevance of the predictors. Mothers presented higher levels of parental stress and satisfaction than fathers. Being female, having two children, and home-work conflict were predictors of a higher parental stress. Age was also a predictor, as younger parents and also those older than 37 years of age showed more parental stress. Having no partner and being male was associated to lower parental satisfaction. In conclusion, parental stress and satisfaction emerge as clearly differentiated dimensions of parenting experience. The gender gap in parental stress could be linked to the persistence of traditional roles regarding the care of the children, in agreement with the findings in other research.

In this article, the evaluation of a structural model that seeks to identify predictors and mediators of posttraumatic growth (PTG) of people affected by a natural disaster is presented. The sample was composed of 349 adult men and women who experienced the earthquake and tsunami on February 27, 2010 in Chile. A modeling with structural equations was used, contrasting two predictive models of PTG. The latent variables assessed were subjective severity, social sharing of emotion, intrusive rumination, deliberate rumination, problem-focused coping and posttraumatic growth. The best fit was obtained with the model that shows a direct influence of the subjective severity, problem-focused coping, and deliberate rumination in the presence of PTG. Problem-focused coping mediated the relation between subjective severity and social sharing with PTG. In turn, deliberate rumination mediated the relation of problem-focused coping and intrusive rumination with PTG. The results show the relevant role of cognitive processes such as deliberate rumination and behavioral processes such as problem-focused coping in the presence of PTG.

Background: Stigma towards people diagnosed with a severe mental disorder (SMD) is one of the main obstacles for these service users to receive timely and relevant healthcare. This study was undertaken to understand how stigmatizing attitudes are demonstrated towards people with SMD in primary healthcare centers (PHC) from the perspective of those affected and primary healthcare professionals. Methods: We used a qualitative exploratory research design to contrast the differences and similarities regarding stigmatizing attitudes towards people with SMD in primary healthcare centers (PHC) from the perspective of two groups: (i) people diagnosed with a severe mental disorder, and (ii) healthcare professionals. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and discussion groups and subsequently analyzed using Atlas.ti software. Results: Our results indicate that both service users and healthcare professionals manifest stereotypes, prejudices, and discriminatory behavior in health care. In addition, structural aspects of the health system and organizational culture appear to contribute to stigmatization. Both groups agreed that there is a need for healthcare professionals to have more education, specialization, and skill development related to mental health issues. Conclusions: Interventions to reduce the stigma towards people with SMD in PHC must consider delivery of information about mental disorders, development of skills in the healthcare professionals, and modifications in the culture of the health centers.

Resumen Antecedentes. El estigma es uno de los obstáculos principales para la integración social de las personas con trastornos mentales. Objetivo. Estudiar las propiedades psicométricas y adaptar la Escala de Distancia Social de Link (DS) en una muestra chilena. Ésta evalúa las actitudes públicas hacia personas con trastornos mentales mediante una viñeta seguida de un grupo de preguntas. Método. Se tomaron dos muestras por conveniencia: la primera estuvo compuesta por 399 personas y la segunda por 350. La confiabilidad se evaluó por medio del coeficiente alfa de Cronbach. Para valorar su estructura factorial, se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio con la primera muestra y uno confirmatorio con la segunda. Finalmente, se utilizó el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson para estudiar la validez concurrente con la Escala de Orientación a la Dominancia Social. Resultados. Los resultados indican que el instrumento final posee dos factores “cercanía e interacción social”, compuesto por tres reactivos, e “intimidad y confianza”, compuesto por dos. A pesar de que las muestras tenían distinto nivel educativo, los índices de ajuste del modelo obtenido en el análisis factorial confirmatorio, así como la consistencia interna del instrumento, fueron adecuados. Discusión y conclusión. La existencia de dos factores puede estar relacionada con el crecimiento del modelo de salud mental comunitaria en Chile, lo que ha impactado en la cantidad de dispositivos sanitarios y por tanto en la cercanía que se tiene sobre el tema. Los resultados obtenidos avalan la posibilidad de usar este instrumento en distintos grupos sociales.