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Dr. Hafiz Muhammad Ali
Mechanical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia

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0 Condensation
0 Heat Transfer
0 Thermal Management
0 phase change materials
0 Nanofluids

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Nanofluids
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phase change materials
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Review article
Published: 19 July 2021 in Physics Reports
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In the past decade, nanotechnology’s rapid developments have created quite a lot of prospects for scientists and engineers to check up. Nanofluid is one of the remarkable consequences of such progression. Nanofluids are engineered by suspending nanoparticles with average sizes below 100 nm in traditional heat transfer fluids such as water, oil, ethylene glycol, etc. Nanofluids are considered to offer substantial advantages over conventional heat transfer fluids. When dispersed uniformly and suspended stably in base fluids, a minimal amount of nanoparticles can significantly improve the thermal properties of host fluids. Present work attempts to address this challenge considering state-of-the-art advances in understanding, characterizing, and mitigating issues about nanofluids’ stability. Stable and highly conductive nanofluids are produced by generally, one step and two step production methods. Both approaches of creating nanoparticle suspensions suffer from nanoparticles’ agglomeration, which is a critical issue in all technologies involving nanopowder. Therefore, numerous numerical models and the principal physical phenomena affecting the stability (fundamental physical principles that govern the interparticle interactions, clustering and deposition kinetics, and colloidal stability theories) have been analyzed. Concerning the particles’ dynamic motion, the importance of different forces in nanofluid flows that exist in particulate flows such as drag, lift (Magnus and Saffman), Brownian, thermophoretic, Van der Waals, electrostatic double-layer forces are considered. Moreover, an overview of nanofluids’ thermophysical properties, physical models, and heat transfer models are included in this work. To understand the unexpected discoveries and overcome classical models’ limitations, several investigators have proposed new physical concepts and mechanisms and developed new models to enhance the transport properties. In the present work, the wide-ranging structural evolution of nanofluids has been discoursed thoroughly by sketching out a gargantuan depiction of the diminutive biosphere of nanofluids through a brief review of some foremost chronological milestone such as the concepts of nanofluids, the preparations and performances of nanofluids, conductivity, viscosity, and density correlations of nanofluids, and potential applications and benefits of nanofluids. Also, different kinds of modeling and essential slip mechanisms of constructing heat transfer modeling of nanofluids have been discussed comprehensively in this study. Potential novel 2D materials as nanofluids have also been discussed and reported. A brief overview of the potential applications utilizing nanofluids have been reviewed, and future research gaps have been reported. Furthermore, recommendations were drawn regarding current knowledge gaps and future research directions to overcome the physical phenomenon, stability, thermophysical properties, overview of some applications, and the limitations hindering these nanofluids’ deployment. The review is presumed to be valuable for scholars and researchers working in the area of numerical simulations of nanofluids and experimental aspects and help them understand the fundamental physical phenomena taking place during these numerical simulations and experiments and explore the potential of nanofluids both in academia and industry.

ACS Style

Zafar Said; L. Syam Sundar; Arun Kumar Tiwari; Hafiz Muhammad Ali; Mohsen Sheikholeslami; Evangelos Bellos; Hamza Babar. Recent advances on the fundamental physical phenomena behind stability, dynamic motion, thermophysical properties, heat transport, applications, and challenges of nanofluids. Physics Reports 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Zafar Said, L. Syam Sundar, Arun Kumar Tiwari, Hafiz Muhammad Ali, Mohsen Sheikholeslami, Evangelos Bellos, Hamza Babar. Recent advances on the fundamental physical phenomena behind stability, dynamic motion, thermophysical properties, heat transport, applications, and challenges of nanofluids. Physics Reports. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zafar Said; L. Syam Sundar; Arun Kumar Tiwari; Hafiz Muhammad Ali; Mohsen Sheikholeslami; Evangelos Bellos; Hamza Babar. 2021. "Recent advances on the fundamental physical phenomena behind stability, dynamic motion, thermophysical properties, heat transport, applications, and challenges of nanofluids." Physics Reports , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 16 July 2021 in Construction and Building Materials
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Lower thermal conduction and higher specific heat of conventional black pavement result in extreme surface temperatures during summers. Asphalt being highly temperature-dependent and viscoelastic, is more vulnerable to damage under vehicular loading at these temperatures. It also contributes towards Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect, hence demanding for non-black pavement surfaces by use of coloring additives which could help in the surface temperature reduction. Iron oxide red and Titanium dioxide white pigments are used to decolor the black mixes. Asphalt and bitumen samples were thermally investigated in heat sinks at three different solar fluxes. Pigment dosage was kept at 4% by weight of total mix for all the types of pigments. Samples were heated and cooled for 3 and 2 h, respectively. The effect of change in temperature of pigmented samples was also verified through performance testing. Cooper wheel tracking and dynamic modulus tests were performed to assess the high-temperature performance while fatigue parameters were assessed with a four-point bending beam fatigue test. Rheology of binder was assessed using Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR). Moreover, Rolling Bottle Test and Bitumen Bond Strength Test were also performed to check moisture sensitivity. Results showed that pigmented binder remain 8–10 ⁰C cooler while pigmented asphalt mixtures remain 4–5 ⁰C cooler as compared to unmodified samples. Performance tests reflected higher permanent deformation resistance at higher temperatures without compromising the fatigue property at lower temperatures. Rheology also depicted an increase in stiffness of pigmented binder, indicating better performance at higher temperatures. Use of pigments also enhances the moisture resistance/adhesion of the binder.

ACS Style

Gul Badin; Naveed Ahmad; Hafiz Muhammad Ali; Tufail Ahmad; Muhammad Sohail Jameel. Effect of addition of pigments on thermal characteristics and the resulting performance enhancement of asphalt. Construction and Building Materials 2021, 302, 124212 .

AMA Style

Gul Badin, Naveed Ahmad, Hafiz Muhammad Ali, Tufail Ahmad, Muhammad Sohail Jameel. Effect of addition of pigments on thermal characteristics and the resulting performance enhancement of asphalt. Construction and Building Materials. 2021; 302 ():124212.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gul Badin; Naveed Ahmad; Hafiz Muhammad Ali; Tufail Ahmad; Muhammad Sohail Jameel. 2021. "Effect of addition of pigments on thermal characteristics and the resulting performance enhancement of asphalt." Construction and Building Materials 302, no. : 124212.

Journal article
Published: 29 June 2021 in Nanomaterials
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Cu- and Sm-doped ZnO nanorod arrays were grown with 1 wt% of Sm and different weight percents (0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 wt%) of Cu by two-step hydrothermal method. The influence of Cu concentration and precursor of Sm on the structural, optical and photovoltaic properties of ZnO nanorod arrays was investigated. An X-ray diffraction study showed that the nanorod arrays grown along the (002) plane, i.e., c-axis, had hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure. The lattice strain is present in all samples and shows an increasing trend with Cu/Sm concentration. Field emission scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the morphology and the nanorod arrays grown vertically on the FTO substrates. The diameter of nanorod arrays ranged from 68 nm to 137 nm and was found highly dependent on Cu concentration and Sm precursor while the density of nanorod arrays almost remains the same. The grown nanorod arrays served as photoelectrodes for fabricating dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The overall light to electricity conversion efficiency ranged from 1.74% (sample S1, doped with 1 wt% of Sm and 0.0 wt% of Cu) to more than 4.14% (sample S4, doped with 1 wt% of Sm and 1.5 wt% of Cu), which is 60% higher than former sample S1. The increment in DSSCs efficiency is attributed either because of the doping of Sm3+ ions which increase the absorption region of light spectrum by up/down conversion or the doping of Cu ions which decrease the recombination and backward transfer of photo-generated electrons and increase the electron transport mobility. This work indicates that the coupled use of Cu and Sm in ZnO nanorod array films have the potential to enhance the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells.

ACS Style

Muhammad Saleem; Ali Algahtani; Saif Rehman; Muhammad Javed; Kashif Irshad; Hafiz Ali; Muhammad Malik; Amjad Ali; Vineet Tirth; Saiful Islam. Solution Processed Zn1−xySmxCuyO Nanorod Arrays for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 1710 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Saleem, Ali Algahtani, Saif Rehman, Muhammad Javed, Kashif Irshad, Hafiz Ali, Muhammad Malik, Amjad Ali, Vineet Tirth, Saiful Islam. Solution Processed Zn1−xySmxCuyO Nanorod Arrays for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells. Nanomaterials. 2021; 11 (7):1710.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Saleem; Ali Algahtani; Saif Rehman; Muhammad Javed; Kashif Irshad; Hafiz Ali; Muhammad Malik; Amjad Ali; Vineet Tirth; Saiful Islam. 2021. "Solution Processed Zn1−xySmxCuyO Nanorod Arrays for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells." Nanomaterials 11, no. 7: 1710.

Journal article
Published: 28 June 2021 in Processes
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Electricity generation from renewable energy (RE) sources has not been well utilized in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). KSA has publicized its Vision 2030 renewable energy target to deploy 58.7 gigawatts of RE, paving the way for a low-carbon economy in the country. Renewable portfolio standard (RPS) may play an influential role as a policy instrument to stimulate the RE development and consumption on a large scale and pursue the Vision 2030 objectives. In this study, the renewable portfolio standards policy assessment was carried out to investigate the issues impelling the employment of or plan to adopt RPS. To elucidate the collaborating interaction amongst the multiple stakeholders at different levels in the formulation of renewable portfolio standard, in this assessment study, we used a multi-theoretical approach for examining the policy networks theory (PNT) to inspect the communication links and strategies of different actors who are responsible and involved in KSA policy formulation and enactment. It will help overcome the interaction limitations amongst the actors, contribute to understanding various actors’ behaviors and facilitate RPS development and implementation. In this paper, PNT’s four strategy phases (interaction, agenda-setting, action plan and legislative) are used for RPS development assessment. In this paper, we presented KSA’s overall systematic picture for RPS formulation to adopt and implement it practically for a collaborative relationship between five actors—policy and regulatory bodies, professional bodies, inter-governmental bodies, power producers and social networks—at different levels by using PNT to analyze the interactive relationship amongst actors. This detailed analysis will help KSA overcome the institutional relationship and interaction limitations of the actors in RPS formulation and thereby offer significant success for RE deployment in KSA, while providing viable ideas, procedures and bases for government departments to formulate applicable policies for the renewable energy system efficiently. The evaluation of the communications among major partakers in the policy network field helps to efficiently explicate the hindrances in policy formulation and enactment to make the RPS more effective.

ACS Style

Amjad Ali; Fahad Al-Sulaiman; Ibrahim Al-Duais; Kashif Irshad; Muhammad Malik; Shafiullah; Hasan Zahir; Hafiz Ali; Sheraz Malik. Renewable Portfolio Standard Development Assessment in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from the Perspective of Policy Networks Theory. Processes 2021, 9, 1123 .

AMA Style

Amjad Ali, Fahad Al-Sulaiman, Ibrahim Al-Duais, Kashif Irshad, Muhammad Malik, Shafiullah, Hasan Zahir, Hafiz Ali, Sheraz Malik. Renewable Portfolio Standard Development Assessment in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from the Perspective of Policy Networks Theory. Processes. 2021; 9 (7):1123.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amjad Ali; Fahad Al-Sulaiman; Ibrahim Al-Duais; Kashif Irshad; Muhammad Malik; Shafiullah; Hasan Zahir; Hafiz Ali; Sheraz Malik. 2021. "Renewable Portfolio Standard Development Assessment in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from the Perspective of Policy Networks Theory." Processes 9, no. 7: 1123.

Research article
Published: 07 June 2021 in International Journal of Photoenergy
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Heat pipe solar collectors (HPSCs) are heat exchangers that carry heat based on the phase change of the heat pipe working fluid. It is aimed to increase the operating temperature range of solar collectors by changing the phase of the working fluid in the heat pipe at low temperature. For this reason, it has become widespread to use nanofluids obtained by mixing nanosized metal oxides with the base fluid in certain proportions in order to increase both the thermal conductivity of the heat pipe working fluids and to increase the specific heat closures. The main purpose of this study, which was conducted to evaluate the performance of HPSCs, is to increase performance, and an experimental study has been conducted in this direction. For this purpose, an HPSC designed and manufactured was used. Al2O3-water and TiO2-water nanofluids containing 2% nanoparticles were used in order to increase performance in the study. HPSC used in the study consists of 8 heat pipes with a length of 100 cm. The experiments were carried out for pure water and nanofluids, and their efficiency and strength were compared. The highest value of instantaneous efficiency was calculated as 48% when pure water was used as the working fluid, 58% for Al2O3-water nanofluid, and 64% for TiO2-water nanofluid. The instantaneous power obtained using pure water was determined as 135.66 W, 167.96 W for Al2O3-water nanofluid, and 184.03 W for TiO2-water nanofluid. The improvement in efficiency was determined as 20.8% for Al2O3-water nanofluid and 33.3% for TiO2-water nanofluid. Improvement in powers was found to be 23.8% for Al2O3-water nanofluid and 35.6% for TiO2-water nanofluid.

ACS Style

Sinan Ünvar; Tayfun Menlik; Adnan Sözen; Hafız Muhammad Ali. Improvement of Heat Pipe Solar Collector Thermal Efficiency Using Al2O3/Water and TiO2/Water Nanofluids. International Journal of Photoenergy 2021, 2021, 1 -13.

AMA Style

Sinan Ünvar, Tayfun Menlik, Adnan Sözen, Hafız Muhammad Ali. Improvement of Heat Pipe Solar Collector Thermal Efficiency Using Al2O3/Water and TiO2/Water Nanofluids. International Journal of Photoenergy. 2021; 2021 ():1-13.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sinan Ünvar; Tayfun Menlik; Adnan Sözen; Hafız Muhammad Ali. 2021. "Improvement of Heat Pipe Solar Collector Thermal Efficiency Using Al2O3/Water and TiO2/Water Nanofluids." International Journal of Photoenergy 2021, no. : 1-13.

Research article
Published: 25 May 2021 in International Journal of Photoenergy
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Effective cooling of blades with a nominal pressure drop is essential for performance augmentation and thermal management of gas turbines. Hence, present work is aimed at determining the heat transfer enhancement and friction for W- and V-shaped ribs inside a rectangular cooling channel having hydraulic diameter ( D h ) of 0.048 m and aspect ratio ( AR ) 1 : 4. Ribs are fixed facing downstream with angle of attack ( α ) 45° on opposite walls. Pitch ( P ) between two successive ribs is 25 mm for both cases. Continuous V- and W-shaped ribs with height to channel hydraulic diameter ratio ( e / D h ) 0.052 and 0.0416 and pitch to height ratio ( P / e ) 10 and 12.5, respectively, have been examined for Reynolds number ( Re ) range 20000-80000. Heat transfer augmentation achieved at Re 80000 is 1.94 and 1.8 times higher than Re 20000 for V- and W-shaped ribs, respectively. Streamwise and spanwise variations in local Nusselt number ratio are highest for V-shaped ribs, which are estimated to be 31% and 12%. For W-shaped ribs, variations are 17.5% and 3.5%. Nusselt number ( Nu ) is highest along span length 0.5 w for V-shaped ribs due to dominance of apex induced secondary flow. For W-shaped ribs, Nusselt number along the span lengths is found to be nearly same view uniformity in secondary flow. Maximum enhancement ( Nu / N u o ) estimated for both the rib shapes is 3.9 at Re 20000. Due to increased rib height, friction losses for V-shaped ribs are higher than W-shaped ribs. Maximum friction loss increment is estimated to be 85% for V-shaped ribs and 42% for W-shaped ribs between Re 20000 and 40000. For both rib shapes, impact of ribs is found to be greatest at Re 40000. Thermohydraulic performance ( THP ) for W-shaped ribs is superior to V-shaped ribs. Best THP achieved for W- and V-shaped ribs are 3.7 and 3.4 at Re 20000.

ACS Style

Karthik Krishnaswamy; Suresh Sivan; Hafiz Muhammad Ali. Influence of Narrow Rectangular Channel ( AR = 1 : 4 ) on Heat Transfer and Friction for V- and W-Shaped Ribs in Turbine Blade Applications. International Journal of Photoenergy 2021, 2021, 1 -13.

AMA Style

Karthik Krishnaswamy, Suresh Sivan, Hafiz Muhammad Ali. Influence of Narrow Rectangular Channel ( AR = 1 : 4 ) on Heat Transfer and Friction for V- and W-Shaped Ribs in Turbine Blade Applications. International Journal of Photoenergy. 2021; 2021 ():1-13.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Karthik Krishnaswamy; Suresh Sivan; Hafiz Muhammad Ali. 2021. "Influence of Narrow Rectangular Channel ( AR = 1 : 4 ) on Heat Transfer and Friction for V- and W-Shaped Ribs in Turbine Blade Applications." International Journal of Photoenergy 2021, no. : 1-13.

Short communication
Published: 15 May 2021 in Case Studies in Thermal Engineering
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In the current research,a comparative study of hybrid microgrid Net Zero Energy Buildings (NZEBs) is performed for temperate and tropical climates. A theoretical building of a shopping mall is considered for both countries. Climate data is recorded for one year and used for designing hybrid NZEB. The proposed hybrid microgrid NZEB consisted on photovoltaic (PV) modules and converters. However, the thermal load is the property of grid-connected hybrid system. Cost-effectiveness of the project is checked using economic parameters of the net present cost (NPC), payback period, and operational costs. Results show that investigation is economical and has a payback period of 1.84years in Thailand and 2.66years in Pakistan. Also, reduction in the per-unit cost of electricity is 31% and 27% in Thailand and Pakistan, respectively. Moreover, the designed hybrid system is 9.5% and 7.1% more economical than the pre working grid system with the unit cost reduction 0.12USD/kWh and0.21 USD/kWh in Pakistan and Thailand respectively. Additionally, maximum electricity generation by PV panels is 234739 kWh. So, results will help to develop an approach toward IEA task 47 in Pakistan by minimizing energy cost per unit of electricity. The research will also contribute to the research gap in energy sector by providing an economically advantageous study of simulation-based installation of NZEBs in the commercial sector in both countries.

ACS Style

Saba Arif; Juntakan Taweekun; Hafiz Muhammad Ali; D.A.I. Yanjun; Abrar Ahmed. Feasibility study and economic analysis of grid connected solar powered net zero energy building (NZEB) of shopping mall for two different climates of Pakistan and Thailand. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering 2021, 26, 101049 .

AMA Style

Saba Arif, Juntakan Taweekun, Hafiz Muhammad Ali, D.A.I. Yanjun, Abrar Ahmed. Feasibility study and economic analysis of grid connected solar powered net zero energy building (NZEB) of shopping mall for two different climates of Pakistan and Thailand. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering. 2021; 26 ():101049.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Saba Arif; Juntakan Taweekun; Hafiz Muhammad Ali; D.A.I. Yanjun; Abrar Ahmed. 2021. "Feasibility study and economic analysis of grid connected solar powered net zero energy building (NZEB) of shopping mall for two different climates of Pakistan and Thailand." Case Studies in Thermal Engineering 26, no. : 101049.

Journal article
Published: 23 April 2021 in Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments
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Concentrated photovoltaics (CPV) is a dawn technology in the field of photovoltaic that helps in escalating the effective use of solar energy. Nowadays, applications of photovoltaic solar cells are catching attention due to the better utilization of solar energy. A huge amount of solar energy is received by the earth from the sun, but a barrier to the large-scale use of photovoltaic solar cells is their higher initial cost and lower conversion compared to other non-renewable energy systems. Concentrated Photovoltaics (CPV) is one of the vital tools that focus solar radiation on the small area of solar cells using optical devices to maximize solar to thermal conversion. Low cost, high efficiency, and climate-friendly are the main advantages of concentrated photovoltaics. The review study presents the outlook of work conducted worldwide on the different types of concentrated photovoltaics. In addition, the effect of various performance affecting parameters, challenges, and recent progress is also part of the study. Most of the CPV have efficiency up to 15% while some have an efficiency range of 25–28% which is still very low. It was found that the CPV gave maximum efficiency of up to 38.5% at optimal solar radiation. The focus of sunlight on a small area of solar cell increases the temperature of concentrated photovoltaic allegedly pernicious for electrical efficiency and the life of CPV. Factors like direct normal irradiance, high cell temperature, soiling, optical design, reliability, and durability are considered as challenges and a concise summary of various studies on these challenges is presented. In this regard, various cooling techniques have been investigated by different researchers for thermal management of CPV systems which are discussed in detail. As CPV technology is still in the development phase, various new optical designs emphasizing novel designs and materials are also summarized in the current study. Finally, some recommendations are oriented which will be very valuable for those who are working or want to work in the field of photovoltaics.

ACS Style

Ali Ejaz; Hamza Babar; Hafiz Muhammad Ali; Furqan Jamil; Muhammad Mansoor Janjua; I.M. Rizwanul Fattah; Zafar Said; Changhe Li. Concentrated photovoltaics as light harvesters: Outlook, recent progress, and challenges. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 2021, 46, 101199 .

AMA Style

Ali Ejaz, Hamza Babar, Hafiz Muhammad Ali, Furqan Jamil, Muhammad Mansoor Janjua, I.M. Rizwanul Fattah, Zafar Said, Changhe Li. Concentrated photovoltaics as light harvesters: Outlook, recent progress, and challenges. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments. 2021; 46 ():101199.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ali Ejaz; Hamza Babar; Hafiz Muhammad Ali; Furqan Jamil; Muhammad Mansoor Janjua; I.M. Rizwanul Fattah; Zafar Said; Changhe Li. 2021. "Concentrated photovoltaics as light harvesters: Outlook, recent progress, and challenges." Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 46, no. : 101199.

Chapter
Published: 13 April 2021 in Thermal Energy Storage
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The various advanced energy storage materials are discussed in this chapter. The advanced energy storage materials have better thermal characteristics compared to conventional energy storage and significant capacity for thermal energy storage.

ACS Style

Hafiz Muhammad Ali; Furqan Jamil; Hamza Babar. Advanced Thermal Energy Storage Materials. Thermal Energy Storage 2021, 31 -69.

AMA Style

Hafiz Muhammad Ali, Furqan Jamil, Hamza Babar. Advanced Thermal Energy Storage Materials. Thermal Energy Storage. 2021; ():31-69.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hafiz Muhammad Ali; Furqan Jamil; Hamza Babar. 2021. "Advanced Thermal Energy Storage Materials." Thermal Energy Storage , no. : 31-69.

Chapter
Published: 13 April 2021 in Thermal Energy Storage
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This chapter contains applications of advanced energy storage materials in a broad range that includes, but not limited, in buildings, solar energy, waste heat recovery, seawater desalination, electronic cooling and photovoltaic thermal systems.

ACS Style

Hafiz Muhammad Ali; Furqan Jamil; Hamza Babar. Energy Storage Materials in Thermal Storage Applications. Thermal Energy Storage 2021, 79 -117.

AMA Style

Hafiz Muhammad Ali, Furqan Jamil, Hamza Babar. Energy Storage Materials in Thermal Storage Applications. Thermal Energy Storage. 2021; ():79-117.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hafiz Muhammad Ali; Furqan Jamil; Hamza Babar. 2021. "Energy Storage Materials in Thermal Storage Applications." Thermal Energy Storage , no. : 79-117.

Chapter
Published: 13 April 2021 in Thermal Energy Storage
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The chapter contains the background of thermal energy storage, which is one of the major factors for minimizing dependency on fossil fuels. If thermal energy is not stored, it will simply waste into the environment. The energy storage materials are employed as thermal energy storage system that has optimum thermal properties.

ACS Style

Hafiz Muhammad Ali; Furqan Jamil; Hamza Babar. Introduction. Thermal Energy Storage 2021, 1 -11.

AMA Style

Hafiz Muhammad Ali, Furqan Jamil, Hamza Babar. Introduction. Thermal Energy Storage. 2021; ():1-11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hafiz Muhammad Ali; Furqan Jamil; Hamza Babar. 2021. "Introduction." Thermal Energy Storage , no. : 1-11.

Chapter
Published: 13 April 2021 in Thermal Energy Storage
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The various thermophysical properties of advanced energy storage materials, but not limited to, are thermal conductivity, latent heat capacity, density, phase change temperature and duration. These properties are discussed in detail in this chapter.

ACS Style

Hafiz Muhammad Ali; Furqan Jamil; Hamza Babar. Thermophysical Properties of Advanced Energy Storage Materials. Thermal Energy Storage 2021, 71 -78.

AMA Style

Hafiz Muhammad Ali, Furqan Jamil, Hamza Babar. Thermophysical Properties of Advanced Energy Storage Materials. Thermal Energy Storage. 2021; ():71-78.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hafiz Muhammad Ali; Furqan Jamil; Hamza Babar. 2021. "Thermophysical Properties of Advanced Energy Storage Materials." Thermal Energy Storage , no. : 71-78.

Chapter
Published: 13 April 2021 in Thermal Energy Storage
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This chapter includes various thermal energy storage systems and different conventional energy storage materials used in that system.

ACS Style

Hafiz Muhammad Ali; Furqan Jamil; Hamza Babar. Thermal Energy Storage System. Thermal Energy Storage 2021, 13 -30.

AMA Style

Hafiz Muhammad Ali, Furqan Jamil, Hamza Babar. Thermal Energy Storage System. Thermal Energy Storage. 2021; ():13-30.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hafiz Muhammad Ali; Furqan Jamil; Hamza Babar. 2021. "Thermal Energy Storage System." Thermal Energy Storage , no. : 13-30.

Journal article
Published: 12 April 2021 in Annals of Nuclear Energy
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This paper deals with the analysis of the grid generated turbulence on flow induced vibration response of the parallel triangular tube bundle with pitch ratio of 1.54. Turbulence characteristics of the upstream flow can highly influence the stability behavior of a single flexible as well as multiple flexible tubes in early rows of tube bundle. Experimentation have been performed in the wind tunnel with the free stream velocity ranging from 0 to 8.9 m/s. Distinct amplitude behavior for the monitored tube has been observed for each row in both streamwise and the transverse direction. With the increase in the upstream turbulence, the stability threshold of the monitored tube tends to be delayed for single flexible case, however for the multiple flexible case the stability threshold tends to move towards early values. This indicates the importance of stiffness mechanism in generating instability in the monitored tube, which is enhanced by upstream turbulence. Surprisingly, upstream turbulence is strongly affecting frequency response of the tube bundle. Spectral analysis depicts that translational mode dominates rocking mode for single flexible tube bundle for all cases even for highest turbulence intensities. However, for multiple flexible tube case the rocking mode tends to dominant for the fourth row subjected to highest turbulence intensity of 16.5%. This may be due to the uneven distribution of forces on the tube length due to upstream turbulence and turbulence generated by first three rows which intern to excites the rocking mode. It is revealed that multiple flexible tube bundle dominates rocking mode frequency amplitude because of fluid forces generated by tube to tube coupling. The rocking mode become significant which reflects the importance of stiffness mechanism for generating instability in the monitored tube. Stability diagram delineates that for higher upstream turbulence intensities, the data points lies on the upper side of stability boundary in unstable region for multiple flexible tube case and under the stability boundary for single flexible tube case. The results depicted that the previous theoretical stability models either underestimate or overestimates the stability behavior of tube bundle and hence requires modification in the model to predict the stability boundaries for higher upstream turbulence intensities.

ACS Style

Muhammad Ammar Akram; Shahab Khushnood; Syeda Laraib Tariq; Luqman Ahmad Nizam; Hafiz Muhammad Ali. The effect of grid generated turbulence on the fluidelastic instability response in parallel triangular tube array. Annals of Nuclear Energy 2021, 158, 108245 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Ammar Akram, Shahab Khushnood, Syeda Laraib Tariq, Luqman Ahmad Nizam, Hafiz Muhammad Ali. The effect of grid generated turbulence on the fluidelastic instability response in parallel triangular tube array. Annals of Nuclear Energy. 2021; 158 ():108245.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Ammar Akram; Shahab Khushnood; Syeda Laraib Tariq; Luqman Ahmad Nizam; Hafiz Muhammad Ali. 2021. "The effect of grid generated turbulence on the fluidelastic instability response in parallel triangular tube array." Annals of Nuclear Energy 158, no. : 108245.

Review
Published: 02 April 2021 in Nanomaterials
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Nanotechnology has emerged as a field with promising applications in building materials. Nanotechnology-based mortars are examples of such building materials that have widespread applications in the construction industry. The main nanomaterials used in mortars include nano-silica, nano-magnesium oxide, nano-alumina, nano-titanium oxide, nano-zinc oxide, nano-clay, and nano-carbon. This review paper presents a summary of the properties and effects of these nanomaterials on cement mortar in terms of its fresh-state and hard-state properties. The fresh-state properties include the setting time, consistency, and workability, while the hard-state properties include mechanical properties such as compressive, flexural, tensile strengths, as well as the elasticity modulus, in addition to durability properties such as water absorption, shrinkage strain, strength loss due to freeze–thaw cycles, and chloride penetration, among others. Different nanomaterials cause different physical and chemical alterations within the microstructures of cement mortar. Therefore, the microstructural characterization and densification of mortar are discussed in detail at varying temperatures. In general, the involvement of nanomaterials in cement mortar influences the fresh-state properties, enhances the mechanical properties, and impacts the durability properties, while reducing the porosity present in the mortar matrix. Cementitious nanomaterials can create a pathway for the easy injection of binding materials into the internal microstructures of a hydration gel to impact the hydration process at different rates, whereas their non-cementitious counterparts can act as fillers. Furthermore, the research gaps and future outlook regarding the application of nanomaterials in mortar are discussed.

ACS Style

M. Khan; M. Imam; Kashif Irshad; Hafiz Ali; Mohd Hasan; Saiful Islam. Comparative Overview of the Performance of Cementitious and Non-Cementitious Nanomaterials in Mortar at Normal and Elevated Temperatures. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 911 .

AMA Style

M. Khan, M. Imam, Kashif Irshad, Hafiz Ali, Mohd Hasan, Saiful Islam. Comparative Overview of the Performance of Cementitious and Non-Cementitious Nanomaterials in Mortar at Normal and Elevated Temperatures. Nanomaterials. 2021; 11 (4):911.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. Khan; M. Imam; Kashif Irshad; Hafiz Ali; Mohd Hasan; Saiful Islam. 2021. "Comparative Overview of the Performance of Cementitious and Non-Cementitious Nanomaterials in Mortar at Normal and Elevated Temperatures." Nanomaterials 11, no. 4: 911.

Journal article
Published: 23 March 2021 in Energy
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Covalently functionalized carbon nanoplatelets and non-covalent functionalized metal oxides nanoparticles (surfactant-treated) have been used to synthesize water-based nanofluids in this paper. To prove nanofluid stability, ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy is used, and the results show that nanofluid is stable for sixty days for carbon and thirty days for metal oxides. The thermophysical properties are evaluated experimentally and validated with theoretical models. Thermal conductivities of f-GNPs, SiO2, and ZnO nanofluids are enhanced by 25.68%, 11.49%, and 15.42%, respectively. Lu-Li and Bruggeman’s thermal conductivity models are correctly matched with the experimental data. Similarly, the viscosity, density, and specific heat capacity of nanofluids are measured and compared with theoretical models. The enhancement in density, specific heat and viscosity of f-GNPs, ZnO, and SiO2 nanofluids are 0.12%, 0.22%, and 0.12%; 1.54%, 0.96%, and 0.73%; 12%, 9.41%, and 24.05% respectively in comparison of distilled water. A flat-plate solar collector is installed, and its thermal performance is evaluated by using carbon and metal oxides based nanofluids, following the ASHRAE standard 93–2003, at different heat flux intensities (597, 775, and 988 W/m2), mass flow rates (0.8, 1.2 and 1.6 kg/min), inlet fluid temperatures (30–50 °C) and the weight concentrations (0.025–0.2%). The thermal efficiency of the flat-plate solar collector is measured for distilled water and compared with the weight concentration (0.025–0.2%) of functionalized carbon and metal oxide-based nanofluids. A comparison of 0.1 wt% water-based nanofluids can be sequenced f-GNPs > ZnO > SiO2 because of a percentage improvement of thermal efficiency of the flat-plate solar collector obtained at a mass flow rate of 1.6 kg/min with values of 17.45% > 13.05% > 12.36%, respectively in comparison to water.

ACS Style

Naveed Akram; Elham Montazer; S.N. Kazi; Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar; Waqar Ahmed; Mohd Nashrul Mohd Zubir; Asif Afzal; Mohd Ridha Muhammad; Hafiz Muhammad Ali; Fausto Pedro García Márquez; Wail Sami Sarsam. Experimental investigations of the performance of a flat-plate solar collector using carbon and metal oxides based nanofluids. Energy 2021, 227, 120452 .

AMA Style

Naveed Akram, Elham Montazer, S.N. Kazi, Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar, Waqar Ahmed, Mohd Nashrul Mohd Zubir, Asif Afzal, Mohd Ridha Muhammad, Hafiz Muhammad Ali, Fausto Pedro García Márquez, Wail Sami Sarsam. Experimental investigations of the performance of a flat-plate solar collector using carbon and metal oxides based nanofluids. Energy. 2021; 227 ():120452.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Naveed Akram; Elham Montazer; S.N. Kazi; Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar; Waqar Ahmed; Mohd Nashrul Mohd Zubir; Asif Afzal; Mohd Ridha Muhammad; Hafiz Muhammad Ali; Fausto Pedro García Márquez; Wail Sami Sarsam. 2021. "Experimental investigations of the performance of a flat-plate solar collector using carbon and metal oxides based nanofluids." Energy 227, no. : 120452.

Journal article
Published: 11 March 2021 in Nanomaterials
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Au-doped ZnO–samarium nitrate (Sm) nanoparticles with fixed concentrations of Sm (1 wt %) and various concentrations of Au (0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 wt %) were prepared and used as photoelectrodes to enhance the photovoltaic efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The cell fabricated with 1.5 wt % of Au-doped ZnO–Sm nanoparticles film achieved an optimal efficiency of 4.35%, which is about 76% higher than that of 0.0 wt % of Au-doped ZnO–Sm-based cell (2.47%). This increase might be due to the formation of a blocking layer at the ZnO–Sm/Au interface, which inhibits the recombination of electrons. This increase may also be attributed to the addition of rare-earth ions in ZnO to enhance the non-absorbable wavelength region of light via up/down-conversion of near-infrared and ultraviolet radiations to visible emission and reduce the recombination loss of electron in the cell. The efficiency of cells may be increased by the blocking layer and up/down-conversion process and thus promote the overall performance of the cells. This work indicates that Au-doped ZnO–Sm nanoparticle films have the potential to increase the performance of DSSCs.

ACS Style

Muhammad Saleem; Kashif Irshad; Saif Ur Rehman; M. Javed; Mohd Hasan; Hafiz Ali; Amjad Ali; Muhammad Malik; Saiful Islam. Characteristics and Photovoltaic Applications of Au-Doped ZnO–Sm Nanoparticle Films. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 702 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Saleem, Kashif Irshad, Saif Ur Rehman, M. Javed, Mohd Hasan, Hafiz Ali, Amjad Ali, Muhammad Malik, Saiful Islam. Characteristics and Photovoltaic Applications of Au-Doped ZnO–Sm Nanoparticle Films. Nanomaterials. 2021; 11 (3):702.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Saleem; Kashif Irshad; Saif Ur Rehman; M. Javed; Mohd Hasan; Hafiz Ali; Amjad Ali; Muhammad Malik; Saiful Islam. 2021. "Characteristics and Photovoltaic Applications of Au-Doped ZnO–Sm Nanoparticle Films." Nanomaterials 11, no. 3: 702.

Journal article
Published: 26 February 2021 in International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer
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The main objective of the present paper is to investigate the effect of using connecting holes on the hydrothermal performance and irreversibility behavior of laminar forced convection flow of a nanofluid (NF) inside a microchannel heat sink (MCHS). The biologically synthesized silver/water NF is employed as coolant. The influences of the volume concentration of NF (φ), the Reynolds number (Re) and the number of connecting holes on the performance features of MCHS and NF are considered numerically. It was observed that the CPU temperature is reduced and became more uniform due to boosting of Re and φ, and the consequence augmentation of the convective heat transfer. However, the pumping power and frictional irreversibility get raised as Re and φ are increased. The figure of merit is above unity for all Re and φ which indicate that the utilization of connecting holes is a suitable option to improve the MCHS performance from the first-law point of view. The heat transfer irreversibility, however, increased by using the connecting holes. Also, the merit of NF over the pure water is observed for Re of 500 and 2000 and φ of 0.1% and 1%.

ACS Style

Amin Shahsavar; Sajad Entezari; Ighball Baniasad Askari; Hafiz Muhammad Ali. The effect of using connecting holes on heat transfer and entropy generation behaviors in a micro channels heat sink cooled with biological silver/water nanofluid. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 2021, 123, 104929 .

AMA Style

Amin Shahsavar, Sajad Entezari, Ighball Baniasad Askari, Hafiz Muhammad Ali. The effect of using connecting holes on heat transfer and entropy generation behaviors in a micro channels heat sink cooled with biological silver/water nanofluid. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer. 2021; 123 ():104929.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amin Shahsavar; Sajad Entezari; Ighball Baniasad Askari; Hafiz Muhammad Ali. 2021. "The effect of using connecting holes on heat transfer and entropy generation behaviors in a micro channels heat sink cooled with biological silver/water nanofluid." International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 123, no. : 104929.

Article
Published: 18 February 2021 in Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry
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Owing to the high nucleation site density and relatively robust behavior, sintered coated surfaces are of great interest for thermal management via pool boiling in many industries/applications such as desalination, electronics cooling, petrochemical, and power sector. The coated surfaces have been extensively used to improve the performance of the pool boiling process over the years. Regardless of a large amount of experimental data on the pool boiling of coated surfaces, no accurate mathematical/empirical approaches have been developed to estimate the heat transfer coefficient of these surfaces. The present study develops an AI-based method to estimate the pool boiling heat transfer coefficient for coated porous surfaces. The proposed AI method can handle the complex nature of the coating characteristics such as porosity, coating thickness, and particle size. Via using deep neural networks, the proposed method is applicable for highly wetting fluids (dielectric liquids), refrigerants, and low-wetting liquid (water). Correlation matrix analysis confirms that porosity, coating thickness, particle size, wall superheat, and surface inclination as well as the thermophysical properties of the working fluids are the best independent variables to estimate the considered parameter. Different deep neural networks are designed and evaluated to find the optimized model in terms of its predictive accuracy by experimental data (373 points). The best model with an input layer, three hidden layers, and an output layer (11–30–15–1–1) was able to predict the heat transfer coefficient with overall R2 = 0.976 and (mean absolute error) MAE% = 5.74. The proposed approach is simple and can be employed to optimize the sintered coated surfaces for different cooling applications.

ACS Style

Uzair Sajjad; Imtiyaz Hussain; Khalid Hamid; Showkat Ahmad Bhat; Hafiz Muhammad Ali; Chi-Chuan Wang. A deep learning method for estimating the boiling heat transfer coefficient of porous surfaces. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 2021, 145, 1911 -1923.

AMA Style

Uzair Sajjad, Imtiyaz Hussain, Khalid Hamid, Showkat Ahmad Bhat, Hafiz Muhammad Ali, Chi-Chuan Wang. A deep learning method for estimating the boiling heat transfer coefficient of porous surfaces. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 2021; 145 (4):1911-1923.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Uzair Sajjad; Imtiyaz Hussain; Khalid Hamid; Showkat Ahmad Bhat; Hafiz Muhammad Ali; Chi-Chuan Wang. 2021. "A deep learning method for estimating the boiling heat transfer coefficient of porous surfaces." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 145, no. 4: 1911-1923.

Review
Published: 17 February 2021 in Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers
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The problems associated with the ever-increasing energy consumption have urged researchers to develop systems that contain renewable, sustainable, and green synthesis operations. Nanotechnology as an applied field has evolved in numerous areas with multiple directions during recent decades. Nanotechnology utility in ionic liquids has helped introduce a new class of liquids formally known as Ionanofluids (INFs). INFs belong to an indigenous class of nanofluids possessing extraordinary enhancement in thermophysical and electrochemical properties. This study summarizes the synthesis of INFs, influence of temperature and nanoparticles concentration of INFs in terms of thermophysical and electrochemical properties, before enlisting wide applications related to these properties such as solar thermal utilization, electrolytes, lubrication, catalysis, and separation processes. The key focus of this article is to address parameters such as thermal and electrical conductivity, (specific) heat capacity, viscosity, and density as a result of the temperature variation, different mass loadings of nanoparticles and the ionic liquid nature. A comparison is drawn between different INFs on the basis of their combination and composition. Moreover, this study also enlists the reasons behind their proposed applications. Future challenges and hurdles associated with INFs, especially stability, cost, and mass production issue of INFs are also addressed.

ACS Style

M. Faizan; Raziuddin Ahmed; Hafiz Muhammad Ali. A critical review on thermophysical and electrochemical properties of Ionanofluids (nanoparticles dispersed in ionic liquids) and their applications. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers 2021, 124, 391 -423.

AMA Style

M. Faizan, Raziuddin Ahmed, Hafiz Muhammad Ali. A critical review on thermophysical and electrochemical properties of Ionanofluids (nanoparticles dispersed in ionic liquids) and their applications. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers. 2021; 124 ():391-423.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. Faizan; Raziuddin Ahmed; Hafiz Muhammad Ali. 2021. "A critical review on thermophysical and electrochemical properties of Ionanofluids (nanoparticles dispersed in ionic liquids) and their applications." Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers 124, no. : 391-423.