To conquer the worldwide outbreak of COVID-19 virus, a large number of studies have been carried out on COVID-19 infection, transmission and treatment. However, few studies have been conducted from the perspectives of circRNA and lncRNA, which are known to be involved in regulating many life activities, such as immune tolerance and immune escapes, and hence may provide invaluable information in the emerging COVID-19 infection and recurrence. Moreover, exosomes has been reported to play an important role in COVID-19 recurrence, and thus may interact with the expression of circRNA and lncRNA. In this work, we sequenced circRNA, lncRNA and mRNA from recurrent COVID-19 patients and healthy people, and compared the differences. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis show that differentially expressed circRNA and lncRNA are mainly involved in the regulation of host cell cycle, apoptosis, immune inflammation, signaling pathway and other processes. The comparison to exosomes related databases shows that there are 114 differentially expressed circRNA, and 10 differentially expressed lncRNA related to exosomes. These studies provide reference for exploring circRNA and lncRNA to study the infection mechanism of COVID-19, their diagnostic and therapeutic values, as well as the possibility to employ them as biomarkers.

Autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are caused by the body's immune response to autoantigens. The pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases is unclear. Numerous studies have demonstrated that RNA methylation plays a key role in disease progression, which is essential for post-transcriptional regulation and has gradually become a broad regulatory mechanism that controls gene expression in various physiological processes, including RNA nuclear output, translation, splicing, and noncoding RNA processing. Here, we outline the writers, erasers, and readers of RNA methylation, including N6-methyladenosine (m⁶A), 2'-O-methylation (Nm), 2'-O-dimethyladenosine (m⁶Am), N1-methyladenosine (m¹A), 5-methylcytidine (m⁵C) and N7-methylguanosine (m⁷G). As the role of RNA methylation modifications in the immune system and diseases is explained, the potential treatment value of these modifications has also been demonstrated. This review reports the relationship between RNA methylation and autoimmune diseases, highlighting the need for future research into the therapeutic potential of RNA modifications.

Background: Reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) is an extremely common clinical method for detecting pathogens, particularly for emerging infectious diseases such as the new coronavirus disease (COVID‐19). Currently, detection of the RNA from the novel coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2 is the gold standard for establishing a COVID‐19 diagnosis. This study evaluates the characteristic performance of the analytical system in a clinical laboratory.Methods: A commercial SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA RT‐PCR Kit used in a clinical laboratory is assessed based on ISO 15189 verification requirements. A multiple real‐time RT‐PCR assay for the RdRP, N, and E genes in SARS‐CoV‐2 is verified.Results: The analytical system exhibits good analytical sensitivity (1000 copies/mL) and specificity (100%); however, the values of 86.7% and 100% for analytical accuracy deserved attention, compared with two other types of methods. Overall, the kit is potentially useful for SARS‐CoV‐2 diagnostic testing and meets the verification requirements.Conclusion: Compliance with international standards, such as ISO 15189, is valuable for clinical laboratories and for improving laboratory medicine quality and safety. Normalization is essential for obtaining reliable results from the SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA RT‐PCR assay. This study aims to develop an improved SARS‐CoV‐2 verification framework compared with traditional molecular diagnostic methods, given the urgency of implementing new assays in clinical laboratories.

Background: BMS-1166, a PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor, inhibits the binding of PD-L1 to PD-1, restores T cell function, and enhances tumor immune response. However, mutations in the tumor suppressor or impaired cellular signaling pathways may also lead to cellular transformation. In this study, the SW480 and SW480R cell lines were used as the model to elucidate the treatment with BMS-1166, BEZ235, and their combination.

Background and Aims: The Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease (CMT) comprises genetically diverse motor and sensory neuropathies. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive investigation into the current academic and clinical status of CMT, thereby providing researchers with an extensive understanding of the research landscape and analysis of prevailing trends. Methods: We performed a comprehensive literature search on CMT from 2000 to 2025, using Web of Science Core Collection, employing bibliometric and visual analysis tools such as CiteSpace and VOSviewer. Results: The survey yielded 3115 records, showing a gradual annual publication increase. The USA, Italy, England, Germany, and France were the top five contributors. University of London (England) had the most publications (234). Assistance Publique Hopitaux Paris (France) and NSW Health (Australia) collaborated most with other institutions. Keywords analysis indicates primary research focuses: identifying novel gene variants, exploring disease progression markers, utilizing of animal models, investigating pathogenesis mechanisms of disease‐causing genes, and advancing gene therapy. The three most cited articles investigated mitochondrial dysfunction's role in CMT pathogenesis. Conclusion: This study identifies three core research hotspots in CMT: establishing genotype–phenotype correlations, elucidating pathogenic mechanisms of causative genes, and developing molecular targeted therapies. The continuous refinement of disease biomarkers remains essential for guiding clinical trials.

Background: The management of cerebral abscesses caused by dark-pigmented Fonsecaea monophora in healthy individuals continues to be challenging due to no consensus on the therapeutic regimen. Due to the absence of an accurate identification method, Fonsecaea species are often misidentified due to indistinct morphology features. Materials and Methods: An F. monophora strain from an immunocompetent host with cerebral abscess was collected and identified by ITS rDNA molecular sequencing. The ITS sequences of the isolate were compared with that of the other ten Chinese F. monophora isolates obtained from GenBank for difference comparison and phylogenetic analysis. Fluorescence, Gram stains, and medan lactate were used to observe the colonial morphology. Antifungal susceptibility testing was implemented to demonstrate the antibiotic susceptibility profile. Galleria mellonella larvae were used as a model to study virulence of F. monophora. Medical records and clinical data of the patient were collected and analyzed. Results: Antifungal susceptibility testing indicated that triazole antifungal drugs possess remarkable antifungal effect against F. monophora, and satisfactory antifungal effect of itraconazole was corresponding to the drug susceptibility results. Compared with the GM test, the serum G test was found to be more sensitive. The virulence and melanization in G. mellonella models for F. monophora were observed, and the death rates of infected larvae were positively related to injected concentrations of fungus. The phylogenetic tree was constructed from the ITS sequences of the clinical isolate along with ten Chinese F. monophora isolates, revealing that there is high relatedness in F. monophora strains collected from China. Conclusion: F. monophora is an important neurotropic dematiaceous fungus and increasingly causing disease in immunocompetent individuals by means of noninvasive ways. Fungal culture, stainings, and molecular methods could be utilized to identify the etiologic agent. Triazole antifungal drugs can be applied as empiric therapeutic agents for phaeohyphomycosis.