Pancasila, Indonesia’s official state ideology, serves as a guiding framework for the nation’s governance and legal systems. As the country continues to grapple with challenges related to corruption, inequality, and legal inefficiencies, there is an increasing recognition of the need to integrate Pancasila’s principles into legal reforms. This study evaluates the impact of civic education, grounded in Pancasila, on the effectiveness and legitimacy of Indonesia’s legal system. It argues that embedding Pancasila’s values—such as justice, democracy, and social welfare—into civic education can foster a more law-abiding, ethically responsible society, which in turn strengthens the rule of law and enhances legal reforms. Through a comprehensive analysis of existing civic education programs and their influence on public understanding of legal rights and obligations, this research highlights the role of education in shaping legal consciousness and promoting societal trust in legal institutions. The urgency of this research lies in Indonesia’s ongoing efforts to modernize its justice system while addressing systemic corruption and inefficiency. By situating Pancasila at the core of civic education, the study advocates for a holistic approach to legal reform, one that aligns legal practices with broader societal values. This research contributes to the discourse on legal reform by proposing a model in which education, ethical values, and legal practice are interconnected to create a more robust and transparent legal framework in Indonesia.

Students with academic performance and soft skills should be concerned with the learning process because it is a learning achievement. This research aims to find the factors affecting academic performance and soft skills. In this pandemic, learning is done online, so interaction between students and lecturers becomes limited. The quantitative data are collected by distributing the questionnaires. The population of this study is 2nd-semester students of the Faculty of Economics, Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES), who use online learning from the beginning of the lecture. The population were 900 students, with a sample of 276 students. Data were tabulated and analyzed using SEM-PLS. The results showed that cognitive presence, teaching presence, and social presence positively and significantly (57.9%) affect students' academic performance, and 49.1% affect students' soft skills. The order of factors that most affect academic performance is teaching presence (41.4%), social presence (31.1%), and cognitive presence (11.7%) whereas the order of factors that most affect soft skills is social presence (48.9%), cognitive presence (11.7%), and teaching presence (11.1%). It means that the Community of Inquiry (CoI) theory can explain the magnitude of the factors on academic performance and soft skills in the good category. It is suggested that the related parties to support students to achieve better academic performance and soft skills.

This research uses a literature review that examines current articles on principals’ decision-making in implementing the Merdeka Curriculum in elementary schools. The literature review method is assisted by Open Knowledge Maps (OKM) and literature searches using Google Scholar, ERIC, ScienceDirect, and PubMed databases. The findings of this research suggest that principals’ decision-making in curriculum implementation has a significant impact on the quality of education in schools. By considering these aspects, principals can ensure that the curriculum implemented in their schools meets the needs of students and contributes to the achievement of broader educational goals. Principals’ decision-making in implementing the Merdeka Curriculum requires a deep understanding of education, leadership skills, and the ability to collaborate. The implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum is a significant change in Indonesia’s education system that aims to tailor education to local needs better, develop students’ character, and promote competency-based learning. However, successful implementation requires adequate support, training, and resources for schools and educators. This research is limited to a literature review only. So, in the future, it is necessary to carry out field research in order to reveal the principal’s decision-making in implementing the Merdeka Curriculum with various new methods and adapted to current issues.

This study aims to explore the effectiveness of digital-based learning media innovation in improving students' motivation and learning outcomes in Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) subjects at elementary school level. The research approach used is qualitative with a case study method on fifth grade students at an elementary school in Indonesia. Data were obtained through observation, in-depth interviews, and analysis of relevant documents. The results of the study indicate that the use of digital-based learning media, such as interactive applications and learning videos, can increase students' enthusiasm in the learning process. Students show higher motivation, characterized by active involvement and positive responses during learning. In addition, student learning outcomes also increase, both in terms of understanding concepts and the ability to apply the material. Supporting factors for the success of digital media implementation include technology accessibility, teacher training, and the suitability of the material to the curriculum. This study concludes that digital-based learning media innovation not only facilitates more interesting learning but also contributes significantly to increasing student motivation and learning outcomes. This study recommends further development of child-friendly digital media designs and improving technology infrastructure in elementary schools.

This research aims to analyze the role of technopreneurship in increasing the competitive advantage of student MSMEs in Semarang City through digital marketing capability. This study uses a quantitative approach. The sampling technique in this research is a quota random sampling technique. This technique is used because the grouping of MSMEs is united into one group, namely the student MSME group in Semarang City which is technology oriented. The number of samples in this research was 120 student MSME actors in Semarang City. The analytical method used in this research is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis with the help of the SmartPLS program. The research results show that digital marketing capability and innovation capability directly have a positive and significant influence on the competitive advantage of student MSMEs in Semarang City. Technopreneurship has a significant effect on competitive advantage. Indirectly, technopreneurship has a significant effect on competitive advantage through digital marketing capability. However, indirectly, innovation capability has no significant effect on competitive advantage through digital marketing capability. The implication of this research is that student MSMEs that are run by students tend to be more adaptive to technological developments, so that a technopreneurship approach will be very helpful in increasing the competitive advantage of student MSMEs.

Lactate is a metabolite produced during anaerobic glycolysis for ATP resynthesis, which accumulates during hypoxia and muscle contraction. Tobacco smoking significantly increases blood lactate. Here we conducted a counter-balanced crossover study to examine whether this effect is associated with inhaling nicotine or burned carbon particles. Fifteen male smokers (aged 23 to 26 years) were randomized into 3 inhalation conditions: tobacco smoking, nicotine vaping, and nicotine-free vaping, conducted two days apart. An electronic thermal evaporator (e-cigarette) was used for vaping. We have observed an increased blood lactate (+62%, main effect: p < 0.01) and a decreased blood glucose (−12%, main effect: p < 0.05) during thermal air inhalations regardless of the content delivered. Exercise-induced lactate accumulation and shuttle run performance were similar for the 3 inhalation conditions. Tobacco smoking slightly increased the resting heart rate above the two vaping conditions (p < 0.05), implicating the role of burned carbon particles on sympathetic stimulation, independent of nicotine and thermal air. The exercise response in the heart rate was similar for the 3 conditions. The results of the study suggest that acute hypoxia was induced by breathing thermal air. This may explain the reciprocal increases in lactate and decreases in glucose. The impaired lung function in oxygen delivery of tobacco smoking is unrelated to nicotine.