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Plants, due to their sessile nature, face several environmental adversities. Abiotic stresses such as heat, cold, drought, heavy metals, and salinity are serious threats to plant production and yield. To cope with these stresses, plants have developed sophisticated mechanisms to avoid or resist stress conditions. A proper response to abiotic stress depends primarily on how plants perceive the stress signal, which in turn leads to initiation of signaling cascades and induction of resistance genes. New biotechnological tools such as RNA-seq and CRISPR-cas9 are quite useful in identifying target genes on a global scale, manipulating these genes to achieve tolerance, and helping breeders to develop stress-tolerant cultivars. In this review, we will briefly discuss the adverse effects of key abiotic stresses such as cold, heat, drought, and salinity. We will also discuss how plants sense various stresses and the importance of biotechnological tools in the development of stress-tolerant cultivars.
Qari Imran; Noreen Falak; Adil Hussain; Bong-Gyu Mun; Byung-Wook Yun. Abiotic Stress in Plants; Stress Perception to Molecular Response and Role of Biotechnological Tools in Stress Resistance. Agronomy 2021, 11, 1579 .
AMA StyleQari Imran, Noreen Falak, Adil Hussain, Bong-Gyu Mun, Byung-Wook Yun. Abiotic Stress in Plants; Stress Perception to Molecular Response and Role of Biotechnological Tools in Stress Resistance. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (8):1579.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQari Imran; Noreen Falak; Adil Hussain; Bong-Gyu Mun; Byung-Wook Yun. 2021. "Abiotic Stress in Plants; Stress Perception to Molecular Response and Role of Biotechnological Tools in Stress Resistance." Agronomy 11, no. 8: 1579.
The invasive plant Cenchrus pauciflorus Benth exhibits strong adaptability to stress, especially drought. When newly introduced certain plant species can become invasive and quickly spread in an area due to lack of competition, potentially disturbing the ecological balance and species diversity. C. pauciflorus has been known to cause huge economic losses to agriculture and animal husbandry. Thus, understanding the physiological responses of C. pauciflorus to drought stress could help explore the role of C. pauciflorus in population expansion in sandy land environments. In this study, we evaluated the response of C. pauciflorus to induced low, moderate, and severe drought stress conditions. Results showed a linear reduction in the fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), and relative water content (RWC) of the aboveground parts of C. pauciflorus following drought stress as compared to the control plants (no drought stress). Chemical analyses showed that the drought treatments significantly induced the production of proline, soluble proteins, soluble sugars, MDA, and free amino acids as compared to the control treatment (no drought stress). On the other hand, the starch content was significantly reduced in drought-treated plants. This was also accompanied by a significant linear increase in the antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, POD, and CAT) in plants subjected to drought stress. On the basis of physiological and biochemical analyses, we propose that C. pauciflorus has evolved to survive harsh drought stress conditions of the desert via sophisticated biochemical adjustment and antioxidant reprograming that allows protection against damage caused by drought stress.
Liye Zhou; Xun Tian; Beimi Cui; Adil Hussain. Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Invasive Species Cenchrus pauciflorus Benth to Drought Stress. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5976 .
AMA StyleLiye Zhou, Xun Tian, Beimi Cui, Adil Hussain. Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Invasive Species Cenchrus pauciflorus Benth to Drought Stress. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (11):5976.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiye Zhou; Xun Tian; Beimi Cui; Adil Hussain. 2021. "Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Invasive Species Cenchrus pauciflorus Benth to Drought Stress." Sustainability 13, no. 11: 5976.
In the last two decades, global environmental change has increased abiotic stress on plants and severely affected crops. For example, drought stress is a serious abiotic stress that rapidly and substantially alters the morphological, physiological, and molecular responses of plants. In Arabidopsis, several drought-responsive genes have been identified; however, the underlying molecular mechanism of drought tolerance in plants remains largely unclear. Here, we report that the “domain of unknown function” novel gene DUF569 (AT1G69890) positively regulates drought stress in Arabidopsis. The Arabidopsis loss-of-function mutant atduf569 showed significant sensitivity to drought stress, i.e., severe wilting at the rosette-leaf stage after water was withheld for 3 days. Importantly, the mutant plant did not recover after rewatering, unlike wild-type (WT) plants. In addition, atduf569 plants showed significantly lower abscisic acid accumulation under optimal and drought-stress conditions, as well as significantly higher electrolyte leakage when compared with WT Col-0 plants. Spectrophotometric analyses also indicated a significantly lower accumulation of polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, and chlorophylls in atduf569 mutant plants. Overall, our results suggest that novel DUF569 is a positive regulator of the response to drought in Arabidopsis.
Rizwana Nabi; Rupesh Tayade; Adil Hussain; Arjun Adhikari; In-Jung Lee; Gary Loake; Byung-Wook Yun. A Novel DUF569 Gene Is a Positive Regulator of the Drought Stress Response in Arabidopsis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2021, 22, 5316 .
AMA StyleRizwana Nabi, Rupesh Tayade, Adil Hussain, Arjun Adhikari, In-Jung Lee, Gary Loake, Byung-Wook Yun. A Novel DUF569 Gene Is a Positive Regulator of the Drought Stress Response in Arabidopsis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22 (10):5316.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRizwana Nabi; Rupesh Tayade; Adil Hussain; Arjun Adhikari; In-Jung Lee; Gary Loake; Byung-Wook Yun. 2021. "A Novel DUF569 Gene Is a Positive Regulator of the Drought Stress Response in Arabidopsis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 10: 5316.
Mechanisms governing plant–microbe interaction in the rhizosphere attracted a lot of investigative attention in the last decade. The rhizosphere is not simply a source of nutrients and support for the plants; it is rather an ecosystem teeming with diverse flora and fauna including different groups of microbes that are useful as well as harmful for the plants. Plant–microbe interaction occurs via a highly complex communication network that involves sophisticated machinery for the recognition of friend and foe at both sides. On the other hand, nitric oxide (NO) is a key, signaling molecule involved in plant development and defense. Studies on legume–rhizobia symbiosis suggest the involvement of NO during recognition, root hair curling, development of infection threads, nodule development, and nodule senescence. A similar role of NO is also suggested in the case of plant interaction with the mycorrhizal fungi. Another, insight into the plant–microbe interaction in the rhizosphere comes from the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)/microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) by the host plant and thereby NO-mediated activation of the defense signaling cascade. Thus, NO plays a major role in mediating the communication between plants and microbes in the rhizosphere. Interestingly, reports suggesting the role of silicon in increasing the number of nodules, enhancing nitrogen fixation, and also the combined effect of silicon and NO may indicate a possibility of their interaction in mediating microbial communication underground. However, the exact role of NO in mediating plant–microbe interaction remains elusive. Therefore, understanding the role of NO in underground plant physiology is very important, especially in relation to the plant’s interaction with the rhizospheric microbiome. This will help devise new strategies for protection against phytopathogens and enhancing plant productivity by promoting symbiotic interaction. This review focuses on the role of NO in plant–microbe communication underground.
Anjali Pande; Bong-Gyu Mun; Da-Sol Lee; Murtaza Khan; Geun-Mo Lee; Adil Hussain; Byung-Wook Yun. NO Network for Plant–Microbe Communication Underground: A Review. Frontiers in Plant Science 2021, 12, 1 .
AMA StyleAnjali Pande, Bong-Gyu Mun, Da-Sol Lee, Murtaza Khan, Geun-Mo Lee, Adil Hussain, Byung-Wook Yun. NO Network for Plant–Microbe Communication Underground: A Review. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2021; 12 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnjali Pande; Bong-Gyu Mun; Da-Sol Lee; Murtaza Khan; Geun-Mo Lee; Adil Hussain; Byung-Wook Yun. 2021. "NO Network for Plant–Microbe Communication Underground: A Review." Frontiers in Plant Science 12, no. : 1.
Plants are in continuous conflict with the environmental constraints and their sessile nature demands a fine-tuned, well-designed defense mechanism that can cope with a multitude of biotic and abiotic assaults. Therefore, plants have developed innate immunity, R-gene-mediated resistance, and systemic acquired resistance to ensure their survival. Transcription factors (TFs) are among the most important genetic components for the regulation of gene expression and several other biological processes. They bind to specific sequences in the DNA called transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) that are present in the regulatory regions of genes. Depending on the environmental conditions, TFs can either enhance or suppress transcriptional processes. In the last couple of decades, nitric oxide (NO) emerged as a crucial molecule for signaling and regulating biological processes. Here, we have overviewed the plant defense system, the role of TFs in mediating the defense response, and that how NO can manipulate transcriptional changes including direct post-translational modifications of TFs. We also propose that NO might regulate gene expression by regulating the recruitment of RNA polymerase during transcription.
Noreen Falak; Qari Muhammad Imran; Adil Hussain; Byung-Wook Yun. Transcription Factors as the “Blitzkrieg” of Plant Defense: A Pragmatic View of Nitric Oxide’s Role in Gene Regulation. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2021, 22, 522 .
AMA StyleNoreen Falak, Qari Muhammad Imran, Adil Hussain, Byung-Wook Yun. Transcription Factors as the “Blitzkrieg” of Plant Defense: A Pragmatic View of Nitric Oxide’s Role in Gene Regulation. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22 (2):522.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNoreen Falak; Qari Muhammad Imran; Adil Hussain; Byung-Wook Yun. 2021. "Transcription Factors as the “Blitzkrieg” of Plant Defense: A Pragmatic View of Nitric Oxide’s Role in Gene Regulation." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 2: 522.
Bacterial leaf blight (BLB), a vascular disease caused by Xanthomonasoryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), induces a significant reduction in rice yield in severe epidemics. This study investigated the transcriptional regulation of the OsDHODH1 gene in rice cultivars exposed to the Xoo K3 isolate. The symptoms were monitored on a daily basis, and the lesion length of inoculated rice plants was scored 21 days post inoculation (dpi). The most resistant and the highly susceptible cultivars were used for gene expression analysis. The dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) domain is shared by many proteins in different plant species, and in Arabidopsis, this protein is encoded by the AtPYD1 gene. To investigate the functional role of the OsDHODH1 gene under bacterial infection, we inoculated the Arabidopsispyd1-2 knockout (atpyd1-2) plants, lacking the AtPYD1 gene (orthologous gene of the rice OsDHODH1), with Pseudomonassyringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 vir, and the phenotypic response was scored 9 dpi. Results show that OsDHODH1 was upregulated in Tunnae, the most resistant rice cultivar but downregulated in IRAT112, the highly susceptible rice cultivar. In addition, Tunnae, Sipi and NERICA-L14 exhibited a durable resistance phenotype towards Xoo K3 isolate 21 dpi. Moreover, the expression of OsPR1a and OsPR10b (the rice pathogenesis inducible genes) was significantly upregulated in Tunnae, while being suppressed in IRAT112. Furthermore, the atpyd1-2 plants exhibited a high susceptibility towards Pst DC3000 vir. AtPR1 and AtPR2 (the Arabidopsis pathogenesis inducible genes) transcripts decreased in the atpyd1-2 plants compared to Col-0 (wild type) plants. Due to the above, OsDHODH1 and AtPYD1 are suggested to be involved in the basal adaptive response mechanisms towards bacterial pathogen resistance in plants.
Nkulu Rolly; Qari Imran; Hyun-Ho Kim; Nay Aye; Adil Hussain; Kyung-Min Kim; Byung-Wook Yun. Pathogen-Induced Expression of OsDHODH1 Suggests Positive Regulation of Basal Defense Against Xanthomonasoryzae pv. oryzae in Rice. Agriculture 2020, 10, 573 .
AMA StyleNkulu Rolly, Qari Imran, Hyun-Ho Kim, Nay Aye, Adil Hussain, Kyung-Min Kim, Byung-Wook Yun. Pathogen-Induced Expression of OsDHODH1 Suggests Positive Regulation of Basal Defense Against Xanthomonasoryzae pv. oryzae in Rice. Agriculture. 2020; 10 (11):573.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNkulu Rolly; Qari Imran; Hyun-Ho Kim; Nay Aye; Adil Hussain; Kyung-Min Kim; Byung-Wook Yun. 2020. "Pathogen-Induced Expression of OsDHODH1 Suggests Positive Regulation of Basal Defense Against Xanthomonasoryzae pv. oryzae in Rice." Agriculture 10, no. 11: 573.
Drought stress is a serious problem around the globe and particularly in the Republic of Iraq. Rice is the third most consumed crop for the Iraqi people; however, its cultivation and production is very low due to several challenges including drought. The current study was performed to evaluate five Iraqi rice cultivars along with relevant (drought-tolerant and drought-susceptible) controls under drought stress, either by treatment with 10% PEG (polyethylene glycol) or through water withholding to induce natural drought stress. The phenotypes of all the cultivars were evaluated and the transcriptional responses of key drought-responsive candidate genes, identified through the EST-SSR marker-based approach, were studied. We also studied transcript accumulation of drought-related transcriptional factors, such as OsGRASS23, OsbZIP12, and OsDREB2A. Moreover, the reference cultivars also included a drought-tolerant inter-specific cultivar Nerica 7 (a cross between Oryza sativa ssp. indica X O.glaberrima). Among the cultivars, the more drought-tolerant phenotypic characteristics and higher transcript accumulation of drought-related marker genes OsE647 and OsE1899 and transcriptional factors OsGRASS23, OsbZIP12, and OsDREB2A were observed in four (out of five) significantly drought-tolerant Iraqi cultivars; Mashkab, followed by Furat, Yasmen, and Amber 33. On another note, Amber Barka was found to be significantly drought susceptible. Mashkab and Amber Barka were found to be the most drought-tolerant and-susceptible cultivars, respectively. The identified tolerant cultivars may potentially serve as a genetic source for the incorporation of drought-tolerant phenotypes in rice.
Tiba Nazar Ibrahim Al Azzawi; Murtaza Khan; Adil Hussain; Muhammad Shahid; Qari Muhammad Imran; Bong-Gyu Mun; Sang-Uk Lee; Byung-Wook Yun. Evaluation of Iraqi Rice Cultivars for Their Tolerance to Drought Stress. Agronomy 2020, 10, 1782 .
AMA StyleTiba Nazar Ibrahim Al Azzawi, Murtaza Khan, Adil Hussain, Muhammad Shahid, Qari Muhammad Imran, Bong-Gyu Mun, Sang-Uk Lee, Byung-Wook Yun. Evaluation of Iraqi Rice Cultivars for Their Tolerance to Drought Stress. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (11):1782.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTiba Nazar Ibrahim Al Azzawi; Murtaza Khan; Adil Hussain; Muhammad Shahid; Qari Muhammad Imran; Bong-Gyu Mun; Sang-Uk Lee; Byung-Wook Yun. 2020. "Evaluation of Iraqi Rice Cultivars for Their Tolerance to Drought Stress." Agronomy 10, no. 11: 1782.
We investigated the role of AtbZIP62, an uncharacterized Arabidopsis bZIP TF, in oxidative, nitro-oxidative and drought stress conditions using reverse genetics approach. We further monitored the expression of AtPYD1 gene (orthologous to rice OsDHODH1 involved in the pyrimidine biosynthesis) in atbzip62 knock-out (KO) plants in order to investigate the transcriptional interplay of AtbZIP62 and AtPYD1. The atbzip62 KO plants showed significant increase in shoot length under oxidative stress, while no significant difference was recorded for root length compared to WT. However, under nitro-oxidative stress conditions, atbzip62 showed differential response to both NO-donors. Further characterization of AtbZIP62 under drought conditions showed that both atbzip62 and atpyd1-2 showed a sensitive phenotype to drought stress, and could not recover after re-watering. Transcript accumulation of AtbZIP62 and AtPYD1 showed that both were highly up-regulated by drought stress in wild type (WT) plants. Interestingly, AtPYD1 transcriptional level significantly decreased in atbzip62 exposed to drought stress. However, AtbZIP62 expression was highly induced in atpyd1-2 under the same conditions. Both AtbZIP62 and AtPYD1 were up-regulated in atnced3 and atcat2 while showing a contrasting expression pattern in atgsnor1-3. The recorded increase in CAT, POD, and PPO-like activities, the accumulation of chlorophylls and total carotenoids, and the enhanced proline and malondialdehyde levels would explain the sensitivity level of atbzip62 towards drought stress. All results collectively suggest that AtbZIP62 could be involved in AtPYD1 transcriptional regulation while modulating cellular redox state and photosynthetic processes. In addition, AtbZIP62 is suggested to positively regulate drought stress response in Arabidopsis.
Nkulu Kabange Rolly; Qari Muhammad Imran; Muhammad Shahid; Muhammad Imran; Murtaza Khan; Sang-Uk Lee; Adil Hussain; In-Jung Lee; Byung-Wook Yun. Drought-induced AtbZIP62 transcription factor regulates drought stress response in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 2020, 156, 384 -395.
AMA StyleNkulu Kabange Rolly, Qari Muhammad Imran, Muhammad Shahid, Muhammad Imran, Murtaza Khan, Sang-Uk Lee, Adil Hussain, In-Jung Lee, Byung-Wook Yun. Drought-induced AtbZIP62 transcription factor regulates drought stress response in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 2020; 156 ():384-395.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNkulu Kabange Rolly; Qari Muhammad Imran; Muhammad Shahid; Muhammad Imran; Murtaza Khan; Sang-Uk Lee; Adil Hussain; In-Jung Lee; Byung-Wook Yun. 2020. "Drought-induced AtbZIP62 transcription factor regulates drought stress response in Arabidopsis." Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 156, no. : 384-395.
Adil Hussain; Amjad Iqbal; Zafar Hayat Khan; Farooq Shah. Introductory Chapter: Recent Advances in Grain Crops Research. Recent Advances in Grain Crops Research 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleAdil Hussain, Amjad Iqbal, Zafar Hayat Khan, Farooq Shah. Introductory Chapter: Recent Advances in Grain Crops Research. Recent Advances in Grain Crops Research. 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdil Hussain; Amjad Iqbal; Zafar Hayat Khan; Farooq Shah. 2020. "Introductory Chapter: Recent Advances in Grain Crops Research." Recent Advances in Grain Crops Research , no. : 1.
Background Exposure of plants to different environmental insults instigates significant changes in the cellular redox tone driven in part by promoting the production of reactive nitrogen species. The key player, nitric oxide (NO) is a small gaseous diatomic molecule, well-known for its signaling role during stress. In this study, we focused on abscisic acid (ABA) metabolism-related genes that showed differential expression in response to the NO donorS-nitroso-l-cysteine (CySNO) by conducting RNA-seq-based transcriptomic analysis. Results CySNO-induced ABA-related genes were identified and further characterized. Gene ontology terms for biological processes showed most of the genes were associated with protein phosphorylation. Promoter analysis suggested that severalcis-regulatory elements were activated under biotic and/or abiotic stress conditions. The ABA biosynthetic geneAtAO3was selected for validation using functional genomics. The loss of function mutantatao3was found to differentially regulate oxidative and nitrosative stress. Further investigations for determining the role ofAtAO3in plant defense suggested a negative regulation of plant basal defense andR-gene-mediated resistance. Theatao3plants showed resistance to virulentPseudomonas syringaepv.tomatostrain DC3000 (PstDC3000) with gradual increase inPR1gene expression. Similarly,atao3plants showed increased hypersensitive response (HR) when challenged withPstDC3000 (avrB). Theatgsnor1–3andatsid2mutants showed a susceptible phenotype with reducedPR1transcript accumulation. Drought tolerance assay indicated thatatao3andatnced3ABA-deficient mutants showed early wilting, followed by plant death. The study of stomatal structure showed thatatao3andatnced3were unable to close stomata even at 7 days after drought stress. Further, they showed reduced ABA content and increased electrolyte leakage than the wild-type (WT) plants. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis suggested that ABA biosynthesis genes were down-regulated, whereas expression of most of the drought-related genes were up-regulated inatao3than in WT. Conclusions AtAO3negatively regulates pathogen-induced salicylic acid pathway, although it is required for drought tolerance, despite the fact that ABA production is not totally dependent onAtAO3, and that drought-related genes likeDREB2andABI2show response to drought irrespective of ABA content.
Murtaza Khan; Qari Muhammad Imran; Muhammad Shahid; Bong-Gyu Mun; Sang-Uk Lee; Muhammad Aaqil Khan; Adil Hussain; In-Jung Lee; Byung-Wook Yun. Nitric oxide- induced AtAO3 differentially regulates plant defense and drought tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC Plant Biology 2019, 19, 602 -19.
AMA StyleMurtaza Khan, Qari Muhammad Imran, Muhammad Shahid, Bong-Gyu Mun, Sang-Uk Lee, Muhammad Aaqil Khan, Adil Hussain, In-Jung Lee, Byung-Wook Yun. Nitric oxide- induced AtAO3 differentially regulates plant defense and drought tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC Plant Biology. 2019; 19 (1):602-19.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMurtaza Khan; Qari Muhammad Imran; Muhammad Shahid; Bong-Gyu Mun; Sang-Uk Lee; Muhammad Aaqil Khan; Adil Hussain; In-Jung Lee; Byung-Wook Yun. 2019. "Nitric oxide- induced AtAO3 differentially regulates plant defense and drought tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana." BMC Plant Biology 19, no. 1: 602-19.
Plant defense against pathogens and abiotic stresses is regulated differentially by communicating signal transduction pathways in which nitric oxide (NO) plays a key role. Here, we show the biological role of Arabidopsis thaliana wall-associated kinase (AtWAK) Like10 (AtWAKL10) that exhibits greater than a 100-fold change in transcript accumulation in response to the NO donor S-nitroso-L-cysteine (CysNO), identified from high throughput RNA-seq based transcriptome analysis. Loss of AtWAKL10 function showed a similar phenotype to wild type (WT) with, however, less branching. The growth of atwakl10 on media supplemented with oxidative or nitrosative stress resulted in differential results with improved growth following treatment with CysNO but reduced growth in response to S-nitrosoglutatione (GSNO) and methyl-viologen. Further, atwakl10 plants exhibited increased susceptibility to virulent Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato (Pst) DC3000 with a significant increase in pathogen growth and decrease in PR1 transcript accumulation compared to WT overtime. Similar results were found in response to Pst DC3000 avrB, resulting in increased cell death as shown by increased electrolyte leakage in atwakl10. Furthermore, atwakl10 also showed increased reactive oxygen species accumulation following Pst DC3000 avrB inoculation. Promoter analysis of AtWAKL10 showed transcription factor (TF) binding sites for biotic and abiotic stress-related TFs. Further investigation into the role of AtWAKL10 in abiotic stresses showed that following two weeks water-withholding drought condition most of the atwakl10 plants got wilted; however, the majority (60%) of these plants recovered following re-watering. In contrast, in response to salinity stress, atwakl10 showed reduced germination under 150 mM salt stress compared to WT, suggesting that NO-induced AtWAKL10 differentially regulates different abiotic stresses. Taken together, this study further elucidates the importance of NO-induced changes in gene expression and their role in plant biotic and abiotic stress tolerance.
Phearom Bot; Bong-Gyu Mun; Qari Muhammad Imran; Adil Hussain; Sang-Uk Lee; Gary Loake; Byung-Wook Yun. Differential expression of AtWAKL10 in response to nitric oxide suggests a putative role in biotic and abiotic stress responses. PeerJ 2019, 7, e7383 .
AMA StylePhearom Bot, Bong-Gyu Mun, Qari Muhammad Imran, Adil Hussain, Sang-Uk Lee, Gary Loake, Byung-Wook Yun. Differential expression of AtWAKL10 in response to nitric oxide suggests a putative role in biotic and abiotic stress responses. PeerJ. 2019; 7 ():e7383.
Chicago/Turabian StylePhearom Bot; Bong-Gyu Mun; Qari Muhammad Imran; Adil Hussain; Sang-Uk Lee; Gary Loake; Byung-Wook Yun. 2019. "Differential expression of AtWAKL10 in response to nitric oxide suggests a putative role in biotic and abiotic stress responses." PeerJ 7, no. : e7383.
This study monitored the transcriptional response of OsDHODH1 under nitrosative stress conditions relative to the transcripts accumulations for the core mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase1 (CcOX1) subunit, nuclear CcOX subunits 5b and 5c, two rice nitrate reductases (OsNIA1 and OsNIA2), and nitric oxide excess 1 (OsNOE1) genes. Our findings reveal that short-term exposure of rice seedlings to 1 mM SNP (Nitric oxide donor) applied exogenously for 1 h resulted in significant down-regulation of OsDHODH1 expression in all rice cultivars. In addition, the transcriptional patterns for the CcOX subunits, which are known to have a high affinity for nitric oxide, showed that the core catalytic subunit (OsCcOX1) and the nuclear subunit (OsCcOX5b) were up-regulated, while the nuclear subunit (OsCcOX5c) gene expression was suppressed. OsGSNOR1 expression was enhanced or decreased concomitant with a decrease or increase in SNO accumulation, particularly at the basal level. Moreover, high OsNIA1 expression was consistent with impaired root development, whereas low transcript accumulation matched a balanced root-growth pattern. This suggests that OsNIA1 expression would prevail over OsNIA2 expression under nitrosative stress response in rice. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased with the increase in SNP concentration, translating enhanced oxidative damage to the cell. We also observed increased catalase activity in response to 5 mM SNP suggesting that potential cross-talk exist between nitrosative and oxidative stress. These results collectively suggest a possible role of OsDHODH1 and OsCcOX5b role in plant root growth during nitrosative stress responses.
Nkulu Kabange Rolly; Sang-Uk Lee; Qari Muhammad Imran; Adil Hussain; Bong-Gyu Mun; Kyung-Min Kim; Byung-Wook Yun. Nitrosative stress-mediated inhibition of OsDHODH1 gene expression suggests roots growth reduction in rice (Oryza sativa L.). 3 Biotech 2019, 9, 1 -14.
AMA StyleNkulu Kabange Rolly, Sang-Uk Lee, Qari Muhammad Imran, Adil Hussain, Bong-Gyu Mun, Kyung-Min Kim, Byung-Wook Yun. Nitrosative stress-mediated inhibition of OsDHODH1 gene expression suggests roots growth reduction in rice (Oryza sativa L.). 3 Biotech. 2019; 9 (7):1-14.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNkulu Kabange Rolly; Sang-Uk Lee; Qari Muhammad Imran; Adil Hussain; Bong-Gyu Mun; Kyung-Min Kim; Byung-Wook Yun. 2019. "Nitrosative stress-mediated inhibition of OsDHODH1 gene expression suggests roots growth reduction in rice (Oryza sativa L.)." 3 Biotech 9, no. 7: 1-14.
Novel functions of GSNOR have been uncovered in tomato.
Adil Hussain; Byung-Wook Yun; Ji Hyun Kim; Kapuganti Jagadis Gupta; Nam-In Hyung; Gary J Loake. Novel and conserved functions of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase in tomato. Journal of Experimental Botany 2019, 70, 4877 -4886.
AMA StyleAdil Hussain, Byung-Wook Yun, Ji Hyun Kim, Kapuganti Jagadis Gupta, Nam-In Hyung, Gary J Loake. Novel and conserved functions of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase in tomato. Journal of Experimental Botany. 2019; 70 (18):4877-4886.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdil Hussain; Byung-Wook Yun; Ji Hyun Kim; Kapuganti Jagadis Gupta; Nam-In Hyung; Gary J Loake. 2019. "Novel and conserved functions of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase in tomato." Journal of Experimental Botany 70, no. 18: 4877-4886.
Plant stem cells are pluripotent cells that have diverse applications in regenerative biology and medicine. However, their roles in plant growth and disease resistance are often overlooked. Using high-throughput RNA-seq data, we identified approximately 20 stem cell-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were responsive to the nitric oxide (NO) donor S-nitrosocysteine (CySNO) after six hours of infiltration. Among these DEGs, the highest number of positive correlations (R ≥ 0.8) was observed for CLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION-RELATED (CLE) 12. Gene ontology (GO) terms for molecular function showed DEGs associated with signal transduction and receptor activity. A promoter study of these DEGs showed the presence of cis-acting elements that are involved in growth as well as the regulation of abiotic and biotic stress. Phylogenetic analysis of the Arabidopsis stem cell-related genes and their common orthologs in rice, soybean, poplar, and tomato suggested that most soybean stem cell-related genes were grouped with the Arabidopsis CLE type of stem cell genes, while the rice stem cell-related genes were grouped with the Arabidopsis receptor-like proteins. The functional genomic-based characterization of the role of stem cell DEGs showed that under control conditions, the clv1 mutant showed a similar phenotype to that of the wild-type (WT) plants; however, under CySNO-mediated nitrosative stress, clv1 showed increased shoot and root length compared to WT. Furthermore, the inoculation of clv1 with virulent Pst DC3000 showed a resistant phenotype with fewer pathogens growing at early time points. The qRT-PCR validation and correlation with the RNA-seq data showed a Pearson correlation coefficient of >0.8, indicating the significantly high reliability of the RNA-seq analysis.
Muhammad Shahid; Qari Muhammad Imran; Adil Hussain; Murtaza Khan; Sang Uk Lee; Bong Gyu Mun; Byung-Wook Yun. Comprehensive Analyses of Nitric Oxide-Induced Plant Stem Cell-Related Genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. Genes 2019, 10, 190 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Shahid, Qari Muhammad Imran, Adil Hussain, Murtaza Khan, Sang Uk Lee, Bong Gyu Mun, Byung-Wook Yun. Comprehensive Analyses of Nitric Oxide-Induced Plant Stem Cell-Related Genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. Genes. 2019; 10 (3):190.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Shahid; Qari Muhammad Imran; Adil Hussain; Murtaza Khan; Sang Uk Lee; Bong Gyu Mun; Byung-Wook Yun. 2019. "Comprehensive Analyses of Nitric Oxide-Induced Plant Stem Cell-Related Genes in Arabidopsis thaliana." Genes 10, no. 3: 190.
Plant stem cells are pluripotent cells that have diverse applications in regenerative biology and medicine. However, their roles in plant growth and disease resistance are often overlooked. Using high-throughput RNA-seq data, we identified approximately 20 stem cell-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were responsive to the nitric oxide (NO) donor S-nitrosocysteine (CySNO) after six hours of infiltration. Among these DEGs, the highest number of positive correlations (R ≥ 0.8) was observed for CLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION-RELATED (CLE) 12. Gene ontology (GO) terms for molecular function showed DEGs associated with signal transduction and receptor activity. A promoter study of these DEGs showed the presence of cis-acting elements that are involved in growth as well as the regulation of abiotic and biotic stress. Phylogenetic analysis of the Arabidopsis stem cell-related genes and their common orthologs in rice, soybean, poplar, and tomato suggested that most soybean stem cell-related genes were grouped with the Arabidopsis CLE type of stem cell genes, while the rice stem cell-related genes were grouped with the Arabidopsis receptor-like proteins. The functional genomic-based characterization of the role of stem cell DEGs showed that under control conditions, the clv1 mutant showed a similar phenotype to that of the wild-type (WT) plants; however, under CySNO-mediated nitrosative stress, clv1 showed increased shoot and root length compared to WT. Furthermore, the inoculation of clv1 with virulent Pst DC3000 showed a resistant phenotype with fewer pathogens growing at early time points. The qRT-PCR validation and correlation with the RNA-seq data showed a Pearson correlation coefficient of >0.8, indicating the significantly high reliability of the RNA-seq analysis.
Muhammad Shahid; Qari Muhammad Imran; Adil Hussain; Murtaza Khan; Sang Uk Lee; Bong Gyu Mun; Byung-Wook Yun. Comprehensive Analyses of Nitric Oxide-Induced Plant Stem Cell-Related Genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. Genes 2019, 10, 1 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Shahid, Qari Muhammad Imran, Adil Hussain, Murtaza Khan, Sang Uk Lee, Bong Gyu Mun, Byung-Wook Yun. Comprehensive Analyses of Nitric Oxide-Induced Plant Stem Cell-Related Genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. Genes. 2019; 10 (2):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Shahid; Qari Muhammad Imran; Adil Hussain; Murtaza Khan; Sang Uk Lee; Bong Gyu Mun; Byung-Wook Yun. 2019. "Comprehensive Analyses of Nitric Oxide-Induced Plant Stem Cell-Related Genes in Arabidopsis thaliana." Genes 10, no. 2: 1.
Populus davidiana, native to Korea and central Asian countries, is a major contributor to the Korean forest cover. In the current study, using high-throughput RNA-seq mediated transcriptome analysis, we identified about 87 P. davidiana WRKY transcription factors (PopdaWRKY TFs) that showed differential expression to dehydration stress in both sensitive and tolerant cultivars. Our results suggested that, on average, most of the WRKY genes were upregulated in tolerant cultivars but downregulated in sensitive cultivars. Based on protein sequence alignment, P. davidiana WRKYs were classified into three major groups, I, II, III, and further subgroups. Phylogenetic analysis showed that WRKY TFs and their orthologs in Arabidopsis and rice were clustered together in the same subgroups, suggesting similar functions across species. Significant correlation was found among qRT-PCR and RNA-seq analysis. In vivo analysis using model plant Arabidopsis showed that atwrky62 (orthologous to Potri.016G137900) knockout mutants were significantly sensitive to dehydration possibly due to an inability to close their stomata under dehydration conditions. In addition, a concomitant decrease in expression of ABA biosynthetic genes was observed. The AtHK1 that regulates stomatal movement was also downregulated in atwrky62 compared to the wild type. Taken together, our findings suggest a regulatory role of PopdaWRKYs under dehydration stress.
Qari Muhammad Imran; Sang-Uk Lee; Bong-Gyu Mun; Adil Hussain; Sajjad Asaf; In-Jung Lee; Byung-Wook Yun. WRKYs, the Jack-of-various-Trades, Modulate Dehydration Stress in Populus davidiana—A Transcriptomic Approach. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2019, 20, 414 .
AMA StyleQari Muhammad Imran, Sang-Uk Lee, Bong-Gyu Mun, Adil Hussain, Sajjad Asaf, In-Jung Lee, Byung-Wook Yun. WRKYs, the Jack-of-various-Trades, Modulate Dehydration Stress in Populus davidiana—A Transcriptomic Approach. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20 (2):414.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQari Muhammad Imran; Sang-Uk Lee; Bong-Gyu Mun; Adil Hussain; Sajjad Asaf; In-Jung Lee; Byung-Wook Yun. 2019. "WRKYs, the Jack-of-various-Trades, Modulate Dehydration Stress in Populus davidiana—A Transcriptomic Approach." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 2: 414.
Salinity is one of the major abiotic factors that limit rice production worldwide. Previous trends show that salt concentration in rivers is increasing consistently, posing potentially adverse threats in the near future. Thus, crops currently being cultivated, particularly in small-scale farming systems, are under high threat from salinity. In this study, we investigated the mitigating effect of nitric oxide (NO) on salt stress in rice based on the assessment of changes in the transcript levels of different genes and the phenotypic response of rice genotypes. We observed that exogenously applied NO increased the expression levels of OsHIPP38, OsGR1, and OsP5CS2 in the susceptible genotype of rice, whereas in the tolerant genotype, the effect of NO was mainly in counteracting the salt-induced gene expression that diverts cellular energy for defense. Moreover, seedlings that were pretreated with NO showed high biomass production under salt stress conditions, indicating the positive role of NO against salt-induced leaf chlorosis and early senescence. The effect of NO-mediated enhancement was more pronounced in the salt tolerant genotype. Therefore, the use of NO with the integration of tolerant genes or genotypes will enhance salt tolerance levels in rice.
Teferi Alem Adamu; Bong-Gyu Mun; Sang-Uk Lee; Adil Hussain; Byung-Wook Yun. Exogenously Applied Nitric Oxide Enhances Salt Tolerance in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) at Seedling Stage. Agronomy 2018, 8, 276 .
AMA StyleTeferi Alem Adamu, Bong-Gyu Mun, Sang-Uk Lee, Adil Hussain, Byung-Wook Yun. Exogenously Applied Nitric Oxide Enhances Salt Tolerance in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) at Seedling Stage. Agronomy. 2018; 8 (12):276.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTeferi Alem Adamu; Bong-Gyu Mun; Sang-Uk Lee; Adil Hussain; Byung-Wook Yun. 2018. "Exogenously Applied Nitric Oxide Enhances Salt Tolerance in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) at Seedling Stage." Agronomy 8, no. 12: 276.
Qari Muhammad Imran; Adil Hussain; Bong-Gyu Mun; Sang-Uk Lee; Sajjad Asaf; Muhammad Amjad Ali; In-Jung Lee; Byung-Wook Yun. Transcriptome wide identification and characterization of NO-responsive WRKY transcription factors in Arabidopsis thaliana L. Environmental and Experimental Botany 2018, 148, 128 -143.
AMA StyleQari Muhammad Imran, Adil Hussain, Bong-Gyu Mun, Sang-Uk Lee, Sajjad Asaf, Muhammad Amjad Ali, In-Jung Lee, Byung-Wook Yun. Transcriptome wide identification and characterization of NO-responsive WRKY transcription factors in Arabidopsis thaliana L. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 2018; 148 ():128-143.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQari Muhammad Imran; Adil Hussain; Bong-Gyu Mun; Sang-Uk Lee; Sajjad Asaf; Muhammad Amjad Ali; In-Jung Lee; Byung-Wook Yun. 2018. "Transcriptome wide identification and characterization of NO-responsive WRKY transcription factors in Arabidopsis thaliana L." Environmental and Experimental Botany 148, no. : 128-143.
Nitric oxide (NO) is a small diatomic molecule that regulates multiple physiological processes in animals, plants, and microorganisms. In animals, it is involved in vasodilation and neurotransmission and is present in exhaled breath. In plants, it regulates both plant immune function and numerous developmental programs. The high reactivity and short half-life of NO and cross-reactivity of its various derivatives make its quantification difficult. Different methods based on calorimetric, fluorometric, and chemiluminescent detection of NO and its derivatives are available, but all of them have significant limitations. Here we describe a method for the chemiluminescence-based quantification of NO using ozone-chemiluminescence technology in plants. This approach provides a sensitive, robust, and flexible approach for determining the levels of NO and its signaling products, protein S-nitrosothiols.
Adil Hussain; Byung-Wook Yun; Gary J. Loake. Nitric Oxide Analyzer Quantification of Plant S-Nitrosothiols. Advanced Structural Safety Studies 2018, 223 -230.
AMA StyleAdil Hussain, Byung-Wook Yun, Gary J. Loake. Nitric Oxide Analyzer Quantification of Plant S-Nitrosothiols. Advanced Structural Safety Studies. 2018; ():223-230.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdil Hussain; Byung-Wook Yun; Gary J. Loake. 2018. "Nitric Oxide Analyzer Quantification of Plant S-Nitrosothiols." Advanced Structural Safety Studies , no. : 223-230.
TFs are important proteins regulating plant responses during environmental stresses. These insults typically induce changes in cellular redox tone driven in part by promoting the production of reactive nitrogen species (RNS). The main source of these RNS is nitric oxide (NO), which serves as a signalling molecule, eliciting defence and resistance responses. To understand how these signalling molecules regulate key biological processes, we performed a large scale S-nitrosocysteine (CySNO)-mediated RNA-seq analysis. The DEGs were analysed to identify potential regulatory TFs. We found a total of 673 (up- and down-regulated) TFs representing a broad range of TF families. GO-enrichment and MapMan analysis suggests that more than 98% of TFs were mapped to the Arabidopsis thaliana genome and classified into pathways like hormone signalling, protein degradation, development, biotic and abiotic stress, etc. A functional analysis of three randomly selected TFs, DDF1, RAP2.6, and AtMYB48 identified a regulatory role in plant growth and immunity. Loss-of-function mutations within DDF1 and RAP2.6 showed compromised basal defence and effector triggered immunity, suggesting their positive role in two major plant defence systems. Together, these results imply an important data representing NO-responsive TFs that will help in exploring the core mechanisms involved in biological processes in plants.
Qari Muhammad Imran; Adil Hussain; Sang-Uk Lee; Bong-Gyu Mun; Noreen Falak; Gary J. Loake; Byung-Wook Yun. Transcriptome profile of NO-induced Arabidopsis transcription factor genes suggests their putative regulatory role in multiple biological processes. Scientific Reports 2018, 8, 1 -14.
AMA StyleQari Muhammad Imran, Adil Hussain, Sang-Uk Lee, Bong-Gyu Mun, Noreen Falak, Gary J. Loake, Byung-Wook Yun. Transcriptome profile of NO-induced Arabidopsis transcription factor genes suggests their putative regulatory role in multiple biological processes. Scientific Reports. 2018; 8 (1):1-14.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQari Muhammad Imran; Adil Hussain; Sang-Uk Lee; Bong-Gyu Mun; Noreen Falak; Gary J. Loake; Byung-Wook Yun. 2018. "Transcriptome profile of NO-induced Arabidopsis transcription factor genes suggests their putative regulatory role in multiple biological processes." Scientific Reports 8, no. 1: 1-14.