The objective of this study was to determine the effect of seasonal variation on milk composition and establish an algorithm to predict density based on milk composition to enable the calculation of season-based density conversion calculations. A total of 1035 raw whole milk samples were collected from morning and evening milking of 60 spring-calving individual cows of different genetic groups, namely Jersey, Elite HF (Holstein–Friesian) and National Average HF, once every two weeks for a period of 9 months (March–November, 2018). The average mean and standard deviation for milk compositional traits were 4.72 ± 1.30% fat, 3.85 ± 0.61% protein and 4.69 ± 0.30% lactose and density was estimated at 1.0308 ± 0.002 g/cm³. The density of the milk samples was evaluated using three methods: a portable density meter, DMA 35; a standard desktop version, DMA 4500M; and an Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (AOAC) method using 100-mL glass pycnometers. Statistical analysis using a linear mixed model showed a significant difference in density of milk samples (p < 0.05) across seasonal and compositional variations adjusted for the effects of days in milk, parity, the feeding treatment, the genetic group and the measurement technique. The mean density values and standard error of mean estimated for milk samples in each season, i.e., spring, summer and autumn were 1.0304 ± 0.00008 g/cm³, 1.0314 ± 0.00005 g/cm³ and 1.0309 ± 0.00007 g/cm³, respectively.

Internet of Things is one of the most bustling terminologies throughout the world presently. This paper aims at exploring, perceiving, learning, and sensitizing readers, especially those who are directly or indirectly connected to the field of food and agriculture, about various current applications and future opportunities associated with Internet of Things. The concept of Internet of Things is gaining popularity due to its close association with one of the most revolutionary human discoveries, the Internet, and also due to the opportunities in ease of living provided by various applications of the concept. In this paper, all the current developments and future prospects of this concept in food and agriculture sector have been discussed, which will bring more clarity on the practicality of the concept. This paper aims at providing more conformity on the concept of Internet of Things and its applications in food and agriculture.