Contamination of soil, water, and air by hazardous substances is the major environmental problem of today’s world. Mushroom consumption has become a tradition among many people due to its richness in flavors, proteins, and some medicinal importance. But its ability to degrade/decolorize hazardous substances and dyes by secreting various enzymes or by absorption and adsorption of colors from waste substances has made them of interest for use in the field of bioremediation. Mushroom acts as a good decomposer as it degrades cellulose and lignin of plants for their growth and development. It also maintains soil health by performing the role of hyperaccumulators. This chapter focused on the mushroom-based biodegradation/decolorization of dyes and effluents released from various industries or other sources. It also emphasizes the probable mechanisms involved in mushroom-based degradation and decolorization of dyes along with their recent achievements, advancements, and future prospective.

It is known that biotic and abiotic stress hinder plant growth and development. The expression of transcription factors in response to pathogen-related (PR) proteins is observed. The role of various signalling pathways and stress-responsive genes in the defence mechanism against biotic stress is documented. Therefore, it is of interest to document data related to the molecular identification and genetic editing of transcription factors linked to stress in crop improvement. Hence, we review known information (basic structure, and regulatory mechanisms) on four transcription factor families (WRKY, NAC, bZIP, MYB) involved in biotic stresses.