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L. Crespel
Institut Agro, University of Angers INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 Angers, France

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Review
Published: 28 January 2021 in International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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Plants adjust their growth and development through a sophisticated regulatory system integrating endogenous and exogenous cues. Many of them rely on intricate crosstalk between nutrients and hormones, an effective way of coupling nutritional and developmental information and ensuring plant survival. Sugars in their different forms such as sucrose, glucose, fructose and trehalose-6-P and the hormone family of cytokinins (CKs) are major regulators of the shoot and root functioning throughout the plant life cycle. While their individual roles have been extensively investigated, their combined effects have unexpectedly received little attention, resulting in many gaps in current knowledge. The present review provides an overview of the relationship between sugars and CKs signaling in the main developmental transition during the plant lifecycle, including seed development, germination, seedling establishment, root and shoot branching, leaf senescence, and flowering. These new insights highlight the diversity and the complexity of the crosstalk between sugars and CKs and raise several questions that will open onto further investigations of these regulation networks orchestrating plant growth and development.

ACS Style

Ming Wang; José Le Gourrierec; Fuchao Jiao; Sabine Demotes-Mainard; Maria-Dolores Perez-Garcia; Laurent Ogé; Latifa Hamama; Laurent Crespel; Jessica Bertheloot; Jingtang Chen; Philippe Grappin; Soulaiman Sakr. Convergence and Divergence of Sugar and Cytokinin Signaling in Plant Development. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2021, 22, 1282 .

AMA Style

Ming Wang, José Le Gourrierec, Fuchao Jiao, Sabine Demotes-Mainard, Maria-Dolores Perez-Garcia, Laurent Ogé, Latifa Hamama, Laurent Crespel, Jessica Bertheloot, Jingtang Chen, Philippe Grappin, Soulaiman Sakr. Convergence and Divergence of Sugar and Cytokinin Signaling in Plant Development. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22 (3):1282.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ming Wang; José Le Gourrierec; Fuchao Jiao; Sabine Demotes-Mainard; Maria-Dolores Perez-Garcia; Laurent Ogé; Latifa Hamama; Laurent Crespel; Jessica Bertheloot; Jingtang Chen; Philippe Grappin; Soulaiman Sakr. 2021. "Convergence and Divergence of Sugar and Cytokinin Signaling in Plant Development." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 3: 1282.

Journal article
Published: 25 June 2020 in Agronomy
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Plant shape, and thereby plant architecture, is a major component of the visual quality of ornamental plants. Plant architecture results from growth and branching processes and is dependent on genetic and environmental factors such as light quality. The effects of genotype and light quality and their interaction were evaluated on rose bush architecture. In a climatic growth chamber, three cultivars (Baipome, Knock Out® Radrazz and ‘The Fairy’) with contrasting architecture were exposed to three different light spectra, using white (W), red (R), and far-red (FR) light-emitting diodes (LEDs), i.e., W, WR, and WRFR. The R/FR ratio varied between treatments, ranging from 7.5 for WRFR to 23.2 for WR. Light intensity (224.6 μmol m−2 s−1) was the same for all treatments. Plants were grown up to the order 1 axis flowering stage, and their architecture was digitized at two observation scales—plant and axis. Highly significant genotype and light quality effects were revealed for most of the variables measured. An increase in stem length, in the number of axes and in the number of flowered axes was observed under the FR enriched light, WRFR. However, a strong genotype × light quality interaction, i.e., a genotype-specific response was highlighted. More in-depth eco-physiological and biochemical investigations are needed to better understand rose behavior in response to light quality and thus identify the determinants of the genotype × light quality interaction.

ACS Style

Laurent Crespel; Camille Le Bras; Thomas Amoroso; Mateo Gabriel Unda Ulloa; Philippe Morel; Soulaiman Sakr. Genotype × Light Quality Interaction on Rose Architecture. Agronomy 2020, 10, 913 .

AMA Style

Laurent Crespel, Camille Le Bras, Thomas Amoroso, Mateo Gabriel Unda Ulloa, Philippe Morel, Soulaiman Sakr. Genotype × Light Quality Interaction on Rose Architecture. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (6):913.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Laurent Crespel; Camille Le Bras; Thomas Amoroso; Mateo Gabriel Unda Ulloa; Philippe Morel; Soulaiman Sakr. 2020. "Genotype × Light Quality Interaction on Rose Architecture." Agronomy 10, no. 6: 913.

Original article
Published: 30 September 2017 in Tree Genetics & Genomes
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Plant shape, and thereby plant architecture, is a major component of the visual quality of ornamental plants. We have been developing a new method for analyzing the entire plant architecture by 3D digitalization that allows an almost exhaustive description of rose bush architecture and generates a large number of variables, many of them inaccessible manually. We carried out a QTL analysis using this original phenotyping method. In order to evaluate a broader allelic variability as well as the effect of the genetic background on QTL detection, we used two connected, segregating, recurrent blooming populations. The number of QTLs per variable varied from three for the number of determined axes (NbDetA) to seven for the branching angle of order 2 long axes (AngLA2), the two populations taken together. Five new QTLs, located on the linkage groups (LGs) 2, 6, and 7, were detected for the branching angle of axes, and the QTL located on LG7 co-localized with RhBRC1, a branching repressor. Branching and stem elongation QTLs also co-located with RhBRC1, suggesting its pleiotropic nature. Year-specific QTLs were also revealed, that explained the genotype × year interactions observed for the number of order 3 short axes (NbSA3) and AngLA2 from a genetic point of view. We also evidenced an effect of the genetic background on QTL detection. This new knowledge should help to better reason the genetic improvement programs for rose bush architecture and, therefore, rose bush shape.

ACS Style

Camille Li-Marchetti; Camille Le Bras; Annie Chastellier; Daniel Relion; Philippe Morel; Soulaiman Sakr; Laurence Hibrand-Saint Oyant; Laurent Crespel. 3D phenotyping and QTL analysis of a complex character: rose bush architecture. Tree Genetics & Genomes 2017, 13, 1 .

AMA Style

Camille Li-Marchetti, Camille Le Bras, Annie Chastellier, Daniel Relion, Philippe Morel, Soulaiman Sakr, Laurence Hibrand-Saint Oyant, Laurent Crespel. 3D phenotyping and QTL analysis of a complex character: rose bush architecture. Tree Genetics & Genomes. 2017; 13 (5):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Camille Li-Marchetti; Camille Le Bras; Annie Chastellier; Daniel Relion; Philippe Morel; Soulaiman Sakr; Laurence Hibrand-Saint Oyant; Laurent Crespel. 2017. "3D phenotyping and QTL analysis of a complex character: rose bush architecture." Tree Genetics & Genomes 13, no. 5: 1.

Original research article
Published: 26 May 2015 in Frontiers in Plant Science
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The shape and, therefore, the architecture of the plant are dependent on genetic and environmental factors such as water supply. The architecture determines the visual quality, a key criterion underlying the decision to purchase an ornamental potted plant. The aim of this study was to analyze genotypic responses of eight rose bush cultivars to alternation of water restriction and re-watering periods, with soil water potential of -20 and -10 kPa respectively. Responses were evaluated at the architectural level through 3D digitalization using six architectural variables and at the physiological level by measuring stomatal conductance, water content, hormones [abscisic acid (ABA), auxin, cytokinins, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid (SA)], sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), and proline. Highly significant genotype and watering effects were revealed for all the architectural variables measured, as well as genotype × watering interaction, with three distinct genotypic architectural responses to water restriction – weak, moderate and strong – represented by Hw336, ‘Baipome’ and ‘The Fairy,’ respectively. The physiological analysis explained, at least in part, the more moderate architectural response of ‘Baipome’ compared to ‘The Fairy,’ but not that of Hw336 which is an interspecific hybrid. Such physiological responses in ‘Baipome’ could be related to: (i) the maintenance of the stimulation of budbreak and photosynthetic activity during water restriction periods due to a higher concentration in conjugated cytokinins (cCK) and to a lower concentration in SA; (ii) a better resumption of budbreak during the re-watering periods due to a lower concentration in ABA during this period. When associated with the six architectural descriptors, cCK, SA and ABA, which explained the genotypic differences in this study, could be used as selection criteria for breeding programs aimed at improving plant shape and tolerance to water restriction.

ACS Style

Camille Li-Marchetti; Camille Le Bras; Daniel Relion; Sylvie Citerne; Lydie Huche-Thelier; Soulaiman Sakr; Philippe Morel-Chevillet; Laurent Crespel. Genotypic differences in architectural and physiological responses to water restriction in rose bush. Frontiers in Plant Science 2015, 6, 355 .

AMA Style

Camille Li-Marchetti, Camille Le Bras, Daniel Relion, Sylvie Citerne, Lydie Huche-Thelier, Soulaiman Sakr, Philippe Morel-Chevillet, Laurent Crespel. Genotypic differences in architectural and physiological responses to water restriction in rose bush. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2015; 6 ():355.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Camille Li-Marchetti; Camille Le Bras; Daniel Relion; Sylvie Citerne; Lydie Huche-Thelier; Soulaiman Sakr; Philippe Morel-Chevillet; Laurent Crespel. 2015. "Genotypic differences in architectural and physiological responses to water restriction in rose bush." Frontiers in Plant Science 6, no. : 355.

Original article
Published: 11 May 2015 in Plant Breeding
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To integrate the gene pool of a wild species (primarily diploid) into a cultivated pool (primarily tetraploid), a crossing between a dihaploid cultivated rose and a hybrid of Rosa wichurana allowed to obtain interspecific diploid hybrids that produced 2n pollen grains. A return to a tetraploid level sought by breeders can then be considered using sexual polyploidization, obtained by crossing a tetraploid cultivated rose with these hybrids. Application of a high‐temperature regime led to a small but significant increase in the percentage of 2n pollen grains in these hybrids of up to 4.6%. This result was obtained by applying high temperatures close to 32°C during the day to plants cultivated in a glasshouse during recurrent cycles of bloom. Crosses were made between an unreleased tetraploid hybrid tea rose, as a female, and the diploid hybrid that produces the most 2n pollen grains. Tetraploid (42.1%) and triploid (57.9%) offspring were obtained. The use of these 2n pollen grains of the first division restitution type should facilitate the introgression of complex traits of interest.

ACS Style

Laurent Crespel; Camille Le Bras; Daniel Relion; Hanaé Roman; Philippe Morel. Effect of high temperature on the production of 2n pollen grains in diploid roses and obtaining tetraploids via unilateral polyploidization. Plant Breeding 2015, 134, 356 -364.

AMA Style

Laurent Crespel, Camille Le Bras, Daniel Relion, Hanaé Roman, Philippe Morel. Effect of high temperature on the production of 2n pollen grains in diploid roses and obtaining tetraploids via unilateral polyploidization. Plant Breeding. 2015; 134 (3):356-364.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Laurent Crespel; Camille Le Bras; Daniel Relion; Hanaé Roman; Philippe Morel. 2015. "Effect of high temperature on the production of 2n pollen grains in diploid roses and obtaining tetraploids via unilateral polyploidization." Plant Breeding 134, no. 3: 356-364.

Original article
Published: 12 March 2014 in Plant Breeding
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Pollen viability and male meiosis in intraspecific hybrids of Hydrangea aspera subsp. aspera Kawakami group (2n = 2x = 36) and subsp. sargentiana (2n = 2x = 34) were investigated. Although it had been assumed that they were sterile, pollen viability was observed; it varied from 2.5% to 12.1%. The production of gametes with different chromosome numbers was implied by the analysis of the dispersion of the diameter distribution of pollen grains. Analysis of male meiosis made it possible to identify the origins with two major categories of meiotic aberrations: abnormal chromosome distribution (early chromosome migration at metaphase, lagging chromosomes at anaphase, micronuclei at telophase), leading to the formation of unbalanced tetrads and/or ones with supernumerary microspores; and abnormal spindle orientation in metaphase II (tripolar, fused and parallel spindles), leading to the formation of dyads or triads. The mode of 2n pollen formation is of the First Division Restitution type. The high level of parental heterozygosity that is normally associated with them should facilitate the transfer of a polygenic trait in breeding programme.

ACS Style

Laurent Crespel; Philippe Morel. Pollen viability and meiotic behaviour in intraspecific hybrids ofHydrangea asperasubsp. asperaKawakami group x subsp. sargentiana. Plant Breeding 2014, 133, 536 -541.

AMA Style

Laurent Crespel, Philippe Morel. Pollen viability and meiotic behaviour in intraspecific hybrids ofHydrangea asperasubsp. asperaKawakami group x subsp. sargentiana. Plant Breeding. 2014; 133 (4):536-541.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Laurent Crespel; Philippe Morel. 2014. "Pollen viability and meiotic behaviour in intraspecific hybrids ofHydrangea asperasubsp. asperaKawakami group x subsp. sargentiana." Plant Breeding 133, no. 4: 536-541.

Original article
Published: 12 February 2014 in Plant Breeding
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The effect of genotype factors, year and their interaction was assessed on six architectural variables of eight cultivars of rose bush. Plants were grown in pots in a greenhouse in the spring of 2011 and 2012, two highly contrasted years in terms of the quantity of cumulative radiation, with a relative deviation (for 2012 compared to 2011) ranging from −24.6% (April) to +13.7% (March). Their architecture was digitized at two observation scales, the plant and the axis. Highly significant genotype (G) and year (Y) effects were revealed for all of the variables measured, as well as a G × Y interaction. Concerning the year effect, it was significantly higher in 2012 and for all of the variables measured. The G × Y interaction was due to (i) different genotype groupings according to year, (ii) difference response amplitudes between years according to genotype. Broad‐sense heritability was calculated for each of these variables. It was moderate to high, ranging from 48% for the length of long axes to 98% for the number of metamers on long axes.

ACS Style

Laurent Crespel; Camille Le Bras; Daniel Relion; Philippe Morel. Genotype × year interaction and broad-sense heritability of architectural characteristics in rose bush. Plant Breeding 2014, 133, 412 -418.

AMA Style

Laurent Crespel, Camille Le Bras, Daniel Relion, Philippe Morel. Genotype × year interaction and broad-sense heritability of architectural characteristics in rose bush. Plant Breeding. 2014; 133 (3):412-418.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Laurent Crespel; Camille Le Bras; Daniel Relion; Philippe Morel. 2014. "Genotype × year interaction and broad-sense heritability of architectural characteristics in rose bush." Plant Breeding 133, no. 3: 412-418.

Article
Published: 20 March 2013 in Euphytica
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Plant shape is a major component of the visual quality of ornamental plants. It is the result of their architectural construction. It can be analyzed by breaking down the plant into entities (axis, metamer) that can be characterized morphologically, topologically and geometrically. Eight bush rose cultivars were selected for their contrasting shapes (from upright to spreading) and their architecture was digitized at two scales, the plant and the axis, differentiating between short and long axes. Thirty-five variables were measured. Measurement acquisition is nevertheless tedious and time-consuming and not really compatible with an analysis involving a large number of individuals. To diminish these constraints, our approach aimed at reducing the number of variables measured, limiting ourselves to the ones most relevant for describing the architecture. A selection of variables was made using the following criteria: to represent the different categories of variables describing the plant architecture; to explain the variability observed; to present the weakest correlation between them. Seven variables were selected: at the plant scale, the number of determined axes, the number of long axes of order 3 and the branching order number; at the long axis scale, the number of metamers and the length of the axis; and at the short axis scale, the basal diameter of the axis and the branching angle of the cord in relation to the vertical axis. Four architectural profiles were differentiated based on these seven variables. Moreover, a high correlation was revealed between some of these architectural variables and a shape descriptor.

ACS Style

Laurent Crespel; Monique Sigogne; Nicolas Donès; Daniel Relion; Philippe Morel. Identification of relevant morphological, topological and geometrical variables to characterize the architecture of rose bushes in relation to plant shape. Euphytica 2013, 191, 129 -140.

AMA Style

Laurent Crespel, Monique Sigogne, Nicolas Donès, Daniel Relion, Philippe Morel. Identification of relevant morphological, topological and geometrical variables to characterize the architecture of rose bushes in relation to plant shape. Euphytica. 2013; 191 (1):129-140.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Laurent Crespel; Monique Sigogne; Nicolas Donès; Daniel Relion; Philippe Morel. 2013. "Identification of relevant morphological, topological and geometrical variables to characterize the architecture of rose bushes in relation to plant shape." Euphytica 191, no. 1: 129-140.

Book chapter
Published: 15 July 2011 in Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources
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Presently, about 100–250 species are usually recognized in the genus Rosa. The low levels of DNA sequence divergence found across the genus suggest that it is a young genus with much speciation taking place after the last glaciation. Poor phylogenetic resolution and commonly occurring contradictions between chloroplast and nuclear gene phylogenies suggest that hybridization has been a strong driving force in the evolution of roses, often accompanied by polyploidization. In addition, extensive anthropogenic impact has led to the development of many new semi-wild and/or cultivated rose varieties. Some wild species have become invasive. This chapter describes the taxonomy of roses. It presents examples of interesting traits in wild species that may valuable to broaden the genetic base of cultivated roses, such as thornlessness, winter hardiness, drought resistance, and improved shelf-life. Also fragrance and compounds with possible health effects are discussed. The highest priority in rose breeding research is the development of disease resistant roses. Different resistance mechanisms have been found for black spot and powdery mildew in various wild rose species. We describe how resistance genes are being mapped using crosses between wild, diploid rose species, and how other genes for traits of interest are being identified. We proceed with a discussion of various ways to overcome the taxonomic and ploidy level barriers for introgression of traits into cultivated hybrid rose or garden rose germplasm, including dihaploidization, polyploidization, and transgenics. Even so, breeding programs with wild species are usually time-consuming. For garden roses, the genetic and morphological distance between modern cultivars and the wild species is smaller, which makes the use of wild species easier than in the case of cut roses.

ACS Style

M. J. M. Smulders; P. Arens; C. F. S. Koning-Boucoiran; V. W. Gitonga; F. A. Krens; A. Atanassov; K. E. Rusanov; M. Bendahmane; A. Dubois; O. Raymond; J. C. Caissard; S. Baudino; L. Crespel; S. Gudin; S. C. Ricci; N. Kovatcheva; J. Van Huylenbroeck; L. Leus; V. Wissemann; H. Zimmermann; I. Hensen; G. Werlemark; H. Nybom. Rosa. Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources 2011, 243 -275.

AMA Style

M. J. M. Smulders, P. Arens, C. F. S. Koning-Boucoiran, V. W. Gitonga, F. A. Krens, A. Atanassov, K. E. Rusanov, M. Bendahmane, A. Dubois, O. Raymond, J. C. Caissard, S. Baudino, L. Crespel, S. Gudin, S. C. Ricci, N. Kovatcheva, J. Van Huylenbroeck, L. Leus, V. Wissemann, H. Zimmermann, I. Hensen, G. Werlemark, H. Nybom. Rosa. Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources. 2011; ():243-275.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. J. M. Smulders; P. Arens; C. F. S. Koning-Boucoiran; V. W. Gitonga; F. A. Krens; A. Atanassov; K. E. Rusanov; M. Bendahmane; A. Dubois; O. Raymond; J. C. Caissard; S. Baudino; L. Crespel; S. Gudin; S. C. Ricci; N. Kovatcheva; J. Van Huylenbroeck; L. Leus; V. Wissemann; H. Zimmermann; I. Hensen; G. Werlemark; H. Nybom. 2011. "Rosa." Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources , no. : 243-275.

Article
Published: 26 June 2011 in Euphytica
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Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser. and H. paniculata Sieb. are the two most economically important species within the genus Hydrangea, and have been used as ornamental garden plants for a long time. However, other species such as H. aspera D. Don are of horticultural interest, particularly for the color of their inflorescences and plant shape. This species is composed of four sub-species and has previously been characterized both genetically and morphologically. The previous morphological characterization was qualitative, but was based mainly on leaf and inflorescence parameters outlined by UPOV, and provided little information about plant shape. To better characterize the shape of H. aspera, an architectural analysis was applied to the two most distantly related sub-species at the cytogenetic level: subsp. sargentiana (Redher) E.M. McClint. (clone 188) and subsp. aspera Kawakami group (clone 352). This method made it possible to reveal significant differences between these clones, both at the axis and the growth unit (GU) scale, in agreement with the high level of genetic differentiation (Jaccard dissimilarity index equal to 0.97) revealed between the two clones by Inter simple sequence repeats markers. Because this method is difficult to apply to a large population of individuals, a qualitative architectural characterization was tested on ten progenies derived from hybridization of the two clones, on the basis of their most discriminating architectural components. The hybrid nature of the progeny was confirmed by the architectural analysis. The architectural components of the hybrids are therefore a combination of those of the parents, with a predominance of clone 352, the female parent. Architectural differences between hybrids were clearly revealed by the length of the first vegetative GU (VGU1), the presence or the absence of VGU2 and the length of the floral GU of the A2 axis, and GU branching, allowing us to define five architectural profiles. These differences are supported by the average Jaccard dissimilarity index (0.33). This method, based on a qualitative description of the main architectural components of the plant, proved to be useful for characterizing the shape of H. aspera subsp. sargentiana, and subsp. aspera Kawakami group, and their hybrids. It could be extended to other sub-species of H. aspera and to their respective hybrids, providing an efficient tool for better characterizing genetic resources of H. aspera.

ACS Style

Laurent Crespel; Philippe Morel; Gilles Galopin. Architectural and genetic characterization of Hydrangea aspera subsp. aspera Kawakami group, H. aspera subsp. sargentiana and their hybrids. Euphytica 2011, 184, 289 -299.

AMA Style

Laurent Crespel, Philippe Morel, Gilles Galopin. Architectural and genetic characterization of Hydrangea aspera subsp. aspera Kawakami group, H. aspera subsp. sargentiana and their hybrids. Euphytica. 2011; 184 (3):289-299.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Laurent Crespel; Philippe Morel; Gilles Galopin. 2011. "Architectural and genetic characterization of Hydrangea aspera subsp. aspera Kawakami group, H. aspera subsp. sargentiana and their hybrids." Euphytica 184, no. 3: 289-299.

English abstract
Published: 01 September 2007 in Comptes Rendus. Biologies
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We have observed that the evolution of the senescence in vase can be appreciated by the measures of pH, conductivity, or osmolarity of the petal cell sap of a rose variety. We wanted to check whether these physiological tests could be used to select the post-harvest quality of varieties in process of evaluation. Whereas the measures of pH and osmolarity do not seem to be correlated with the flower's vase life, those of conductivity seem to be linked to it (r=-0.74). As far as the pH is concerned, when the correlation is tested on varieties grouped in colours (white, yellow and ochre; pink and red; multicoloured) and not on the whole mixed varieties, then the correlation seems to be satisfactory, being characterized by r coefficients between -0.78 and -0.91.

ACS Style

Serge Gudin; Laurent Crespel; Manuel Le Bris. Utilisation de quelques tests physiologiques sur la sélection de variétés de roses coupées. Comptes Rendus. Biologies 2007, 330, 656 -663.

AMA Style

Serge Gudin, Laurent Crespel, Manuel Le Bris. Utilisation de quelques tests physiologiques sur la sélection de variétés de roses coupées. Comptes Rendus. Biologies. 2007; 330 (9):656-663.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Serge Gudin; Laurent Crespel; Manuel Le Bris. 2007. "Utilisation de quelques tests physiologiques sur la sélection de variétés de roses coupées." Comptes Rendus. Biologies 330, no. 9: 656-663.