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Dr. Shelley Gorman
Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia

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0 Immunity
0 Metabolism
0 Nitric Oxide
0 Vitamin D
0 ultraviolet

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Vitamin D
ultraviolet
Sun exposure
Immunity
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Metabolism

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Original article
Published: 18 April 2021 in Immunology & Cell Biology
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Brown adipose tissue (BAT) may be an important metabolic regulator of whole‐body glucose. While important roles have been ascribed to macrophages in regulating metabolic functions in BAT, little known is known of the roles of other immune cells subsets, particularly dendritic cells (DCs). Eating a high fat diet may compromise the development of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) – which give rise to DCs – in bone marrow, with less known of its effects in BAT. We have previously demonstrated that ongoing exposure to low‐dose ultraviolet radiation (UVR) significantly reduced the ‘whitening’ effect of eating a high‐fat diet upon interscapular (i) BAT of mice. Here, we examined whether this observation may be linked to changes in the phenotype of HSPC and myeloid‐derived immune cells in iBAT and bone marrow of mice using 12‐colour flow cytometry. Many HSPC subsets declined in both iBAT and bone marrow with increasing metabolic dysfunction. Conversely, with rising adiposity and metabolic dysfunction, conventional DCs (cDCs) increased in both of these tissues. When compared to low‐fat diet, consumption of high‐fat diet significantly reduced proportions of myeloid, common myeloid and megakaryocyte‐erythrocyte progenitors in iBAT, and short‐term hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow. In mice fed a high‐fat diet, exposure to low‐dose UVR significantly reduced proportions of cDCs in iBAT, independently of nitric oxide release from irradiated skin (blocked using the scavenger, cPTIO), but did not significantly modify HSPC subsets in either tissue. Further studies are needed to determine whether changes in these cell populations contribute towards metabolic dysfunction.

ACS Style

Kyle T Mincham; Kunjal Panchal; Prue H Hart; Robyn M Lucas; Martin Feelisch; Richard B Weller; Vance B Matthews; Deborah H Strickland; Shelley Gorman. Metabolic dysfunction induced by a high‐fat diet modulates hematopoietic stem and myeloid progenitor cells in brown adipose tissue of mice. Immunology & Cell Biology 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Kyle T Mincham, Kunjal Panchal, Prue H Hart, Robyn M Lucas, Martin Feelisch, Richard B Weller, Vance B Matthews, Deborah H Strickland, Shelley Gorman. Metabolic dysfunction induced by a high‐fat diet modulates hematopoietic stem and myeloid progenitor cells in brown adipose tissue of mice. Immunology & Cell Biology. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kyle T Mincham; Kunjal Panchal; Prue H Hart; Robyn M Lucas; Martin Feelisch; Richard B Weller; Vance B Matthews; Deborah H Strickland; Shelley Gorman. 2021. "Metabolic dysfunction induced by a high‐fat diet modulates hematopoietic stem and myeloid progenitor cells in brown adipose tissue of mice." Immunology & Cell Biology , no. : 1.

Review
Published: 01 April 2021 in Journal of Endocrinology
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In this narrative review, we provide an overview of the role of physical activity as part of differing exposomes (our combined non-genetic exposures from conception onwards) and environmental influences on metabolic health. We discuss ‘beneficial’ exposomes (green/natural outdoor spaces, sun exposure, healthy diets and features of built environments) that could synergise with physical activity to prevent metabolic dysfunction, particularly that related to lifestyle diseases of obesity, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Physical activity may also reduce the capacity of some adverse exposomes, specifically those with significant levels of air pollution, to contribute towards metabolic dysfunction. Other exposomes, such as those experienced during pandemics (including COVID-19), potentially limit opportunities for physical activity, and there may be unexpected combined effects of physical activity with other infections (e.g. adenovirus-36) on metabolic health. Finally, we discuss how environments could be better optimised to create exposomes that promote the health benefits of physical activity and likely future directions of this research field.

ACS Style

Shelley Gorman; Alexander N Larcombe; Hayley E Christian. Exposomes and metabolic health through a physical activity lens: a narrative review. Journal of Endocrinology 2021, 249, R25 -R41.

AMA Style

Shelley Gorman, Alexander N Larcombe, Hayley E Christian. Exposomes and metabolic health through a physical activity lens: a narrative review. Journal of Endocrinology. 2021; 249 (1):R25-R41.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shelley Gorman; Alexander N Larcombe; Hayley E Christian. 2021. "Exposomes and metabolic health through a physical activity lens: a narrative review." Journal of Endocrinology 249, no. 1: R25-R41.

Methods article
Published: 23 March 2021 in Frontiers in Digital Health
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Despite education about the risks of excessive sun exposure, teenagers in Australia are sun-seeking, with sunburn common in summer. Conversely, some regular (time-limited) exposure to sunlight (that avoids sunburn) is necessary for vitamin D and healthy bones and other molecules important for immune and metabolic health. New interventions are thus required to better support teenagers to make healthy and balanced decisions about their sun behaviors. This paper describes the development of a prototype online tool—a smartphone app—that aimed to foster safe sun practices in teenagers. We recruited young adolescents (aged 12–13 years, n = 24) as “co-researchers” to provide ongoing input into the nature and design of the online tool. This age group was selected, as it is a critical time when young people transition from primary education, where “SunSmart” behaviors are entrenched in Australian schools, to high school, where risky behaviors emerge. Through a series of interviews and workshops, we codesigned an Apple iOS smartphone app with the co-researchers, leading health promotion professionals, researchers, and app designers. The developed app, Sun Safe, contains educational content relevant to teenagers about safe sun behaviors, complemented by other features requested by co-researchers and stakeholders to help engage young people, including gamified quizzes to test their sun health knowledge, real-time weather data on the UV Index and temperature, a sunscreen application timer, and reminders to check the UV Index. The developed prototype app was rated well by co-researchers, suggesting it is suitable for further feasibility and efficacy testing as an intervention tool to improve knowledge and promote safe sun behaviors by young adolescents.

ACS Style

Rebecca Nguyen; Isabelle M. Clare; Nisali Gamage; Gail A. Alvares; Lucinda J. Black; Prue H. Hart; Robyn M. Lucas; Mark Strickland; Mohinder Jaimangal; James White; Shelley Gorman. Developing an Online Tool to Promote Safe Sun Behaviors With Young Teenagers as Co-researchers. Frontiers in Digital Health 2021, 3, 1 .

AMA Style

Rebecca Nguyen, Isabelle M. Clare, Nisali Gamage, Gail A. Alvares, Lucinda J. Black, Prue H. Hart, Robyn M. Lucas, Mark Strickland, Mohinder Jaimangal, James White, Shelley Gorman. Developing an Online Tool to Promote Safe Sun Behaviors With Young Teenagers as Co-researchers. Frontiers in Digital Health. 2021; 3 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rebecca Nguyen; Isabelle M. Clare; Nisali Gamage; Gail A. Alvares; Lucinda J. Black; Prue H. Hart; Robyn M. Lucas; Mark Strickland; Mohinder Jaimangal; James White; Shelley Gorman. 2021. "Developing an Online Tool to Promote Safe Sun Behaviors With Young Teenagers as Co-researchers." Frontiers in Digital Health 3, no. : 1.

Correction
Published: 14 March 2021 in Respiratory Research
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An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

ACS Style

Jordan Smoothy; Alexander N. Larcombe; Emily K. Chivers; Vance B. Matthews; Shelley Gorman. Correction to: Maternal high fat diet compromises survival and modulates lung development of offspring, and impairs lung function of dams (female mice). Respiratory Research 2021, 22, 1 -1.

AMA Style

Jordan Smoothy, Alexander N. Larcombe, Emily K. Chivers, Vance B. Matthews, Shelley Gorman. Correction to: Maternal high fat diet compromises survival and modulates lung development of offspring, and impairs lung function of dams (female mice). Respiratory Research. 2021; 22 (1):1-1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jordan Smoothy; Alexander N. Larcombe; Emily K. Chivers; Vance B. Matthews; Shelley Gorman. 2021. "Correction to: Maternal high fat diet compromises survival and modulates lung development of offspring, and impairs lung function of dams (female mice)." Respiratory Research 22, no. 1: 1-1.

Journal article
Published: 04 March 2021 in Scientific Reports
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Altered composition of gut bacteria and changes to the production of their bioactive metabolites, the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), have been implicated in the development of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the immunomodulatory actions of SCFAs and intermediaries in their ability to influence MS pathogenesis are uncertain. In this study, levels of serum SCFAs were correlated with immune cell abundance and phenotype as well as with other relevant serum factors in blood samples taken at first presentation of Clinically Isolated Syndrome (CIS; an early form of MS) or MS and compared to healthy controls. There was a small but significant reduction in propionate levels in the serum of patients with CIS or MS compared with healthy controls. The frequencies of circulating T follicular regulatory cells and T follicular helper cells were significantly positively correlated with serum levels of propionate. Levels of butyrate associated positively with frequencies of IL-10-producing B-cells and negatively with frequencies of class-switched memory B-cells. TNF production by polyclonally-activated B-cells correlated negatively with acetate levels. Levels of serum SCFAs associated with changes in circulating immune cells and biomarkers implicated in the development of MS.

ACS Style

Stephanie Trend; Jonatan Leffler; Anderson P. Jones; Lilian Cha; Shelley Gorman; David A. Brown; Samuel N. Breit; Allan G. Kermode; Martyn A. French; Natalie C. Ward; Prue H. Hart. Associations of serum short-chain fatty acids with circulating immune cells and serum biomarkers in patients with multiple sclerosis. Scientific Reports 2021, 11, 1 -15.

AMA Style

Stephanie Trend, Jonatan Leffler, Anderson P. Jones, Lilian Cha, Shelley Gorman, David A. Brown, Samuel N. Breit, Allan G. Kermode, Martyn A. French, Natalie C. Ward, Prue H. Hart. Associations of serum short-chain fatty acids with circulating immune cells and serum biomarkers in patients with multiple sclerosis. Scientific Reports. 2021; 11 (1):1-15.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stephanie Trend; Jonatan Leffler; Anderson P. Jones; Lilian Cha; Shelley Gorman; David A. Brown; Samuel N. Breit; Allan G. Kermode; Martyn A. French; Natalie C. Ward; Prue H. Hart. 2021. "Associations of serum short-chain fatty acids with circulating immune cells and serum biomarkers in patients with multiple sclerosis." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1: 1-15.

Preprint content
Published: 02 March 2021
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Brown adipose tissue (BAT) may be an important metabolic regulator of whole-body glucose. While important roles have been ascribed to macrophages in regulating metabolic functions in BAT, little known is known of the roles of other immune cells subsets, particularly dendritic cells (DCs). Eating a high fat diet may compromise the development of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) – which give rise to DCs – in bone marrow, with less known of its effects in BAT. We have previously demonstrated that ongoing exposure to low-dose ultraviolet radiation (UVR) significantly reduced the ‘whitening’ effect of eating a high-fat diet upon interscapular (i)BAT of mice. Here, we examined whether this observation may be linked to changes in the phenotype of HSPC and myeloid-derived immune cells in iBAT and bone marrow of mice using 12-colour flow cytometry. Many HSPC subsets declined in both iBAT and bone marrow with increasing metabolic dysfunction. Conversely, with rising adiposity and metabolic dysfunction, conventional (c)DCs increased in both of these tissues. When compared to low-fat diet, consumption of high-fat diet significantly reduced proportions of myeloid, common myeloid and megakaryocyte-erythrocyte progenitors in iBAT, and short-term hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow. In mice fed a high-fat diet, exposure to low-dose UVR significantly reduced proportions of cDCs in iBAT, independently of nitric oxide release from irradiated skin (blocked using the scavenger, cPTIO), but did not significantly modify HSPC subsets in either tissue. Further studies are needed to determine whether changes in these cell populations contribute towards metabolic dysfunction.

ACS Style

Kyle T Mincham; Kunjal Panchal; Prue H Hart; Robyn M Lucas; Martin Feelisch; Richard B Weller; Vance B Matthews; Deborah H Strickland; Shelley Gorman. Metabolic dysfunction induced by high-fat diet modulates hematopoietic stem and myeloid progenitor cells in brown adipose tissue of mice. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Kyle T Mincham, Kunjal Panchal, Prue H Hart, Robyn M Lucas, Martin Feelisch, Richard B Weller, Vance B Matthews, Deborah H Strickland, Shelley Gorman. Metabolic dysfunction induced by high-fat diet modulates hematopoietic stem and myeloid progenitor cells in brown adipose tissue of mice. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kyle T Mincham; Kunjal Panchal; Prue H Hart; Robyn M Lucas; Martin Feelisch; Richard B Weller; Vance B Matthews; Deborah H Strickland; Shelley Gorman. 2021. "Metabolic dysfunction induced by high-fat diet modulates hematopoietic stem and myeloid progenitor cells in brown adipose tissue of mice." , no. : 1.

Review article
Published: 23 December 2020 in Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
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During the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease of 2019) pandemic, researchers have been seeking low-cost and accessible means of providing protection from its harms, particularly for at-risk individuals such as those with cardiovascular disease, diabetes and obesity. One possible way is via safe sun exposure, and/or dietary supplementation with induced beneficial mediators (e.g., vitamin D). In this narrative review, we provide rationale and updated evidence on the potential benefits and harms of sun exposure and ultraviolet (UV) light that may impact COVID-19. We review recent studies that provide new evidence for any benefits (or otherwise) of UV light, sun exposure, and the induced mediators, vitamin D and nitric oxide, and their potential to modulate morbidity and mortality induced by infection with SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory disease coronavirus-2). We identified substantial interest in this research area, with many commentaries and reviews already published; however, most of these have focused on vitamin D, with less consideration of UV light (or sun exposure) or other mediators such as nitric oxide. Data collected to-date suggest that ambient levels of both UVA and UVB may be beneficial for reducing severity or mortality due to COVID-19, with some inconsistent findings. Currently unresolved are the nature of the associations between blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D and COVID-19 measures, with more prospective data needed that better consider lifestyle factors, such as physical activity and personal sun exposure levels. Another short-coming has been a lack of measurement of sun exposure, and its potential to influence COVID-19 outcomes. We also discuss possible mechanisms by which sun exposure, UV light and induced mediators could affect COVID-19 morbidity and mortality, by focusing on likely effects on viral pathogenesis, immunity and inflammation, and potential cardiometabolic protective mechanisms. Finally, we explore potential issues including the impacts of exposure to high dose UV radiation on COVID-19 and vaccination, and effective and safe doses for vitamin D supplementation.

ACS Style

Shelley Gorman; Richard B. Weller. Investigating the Potential for Ultraviolet Light to Modulate Morbidity and Mortality From COVID-19: A Narrative Review and Update. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine 2020, 7, 616527 .

AMA Style

Shelley Gorman, Richard B. Weller. Investigating the Potential for Ultraviolet Light to Modulate Morbidity and Mortality From COVID-19: A Narrative Review and Update. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine. 2020; 7 ():616527.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shelley Gorman; Richard B. Weller. 2020. "Investigating the Potential for Ultraviolet Light to Modulate Morbidity and Mortality From COVID-19: A Narrative Review and Update." Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine 7, no. : 616527.

Journal article
Published: 18 November 2020 in Biomedicines
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Recent preclinical data show that sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are able to reduce weight gain and induce beiging in white adipose tissue (WAT). We have previously shown that in neurogenic hypertensive Schlager (BPH/2J) mice, treatment with the SGLT2 inhibitor, Dapagliflozin, reduced blood pressure and prevented weight gain. Here we show that chemical sympathetic denervation achieved by systemic administration of 6-hydroxy-dopamine (6-OHDA) reduces body weight and the heightened sympathetic nervous system (SNS) innervation in WAT. Furthermore, we demonstrate that 2 weeks of Dapagliflozin treatment increases SNS innervation in WAT of hypertensive mice. This increase is accompanied by a non-significant elevation in mRNA levels of the Ucp1 and Pgc-1α genes, which are markers of beiging. No significant difference in the mRNA levels of the inflammatory mediators Il-6 and Tnf-α were detected in WAT of Dapagliflozin treated mice. These findings suggest that SGLT-2 inhibitor-associated prevention of weight gain may be mediated, at least in part, by inducing the beiging of WAT.

ACS Style

Jennifer R. Matthews; Lakshini Y. Herat; Aaron L. Magno; Shelley Gorman; Markus P. Schlaich; Vance B. Matthews. SGLT2 Inhibitor-Induced Sympathoexcitation in White Adipose Tissue: A Novel Mechanism for Beiging. Biomedicines 2020, 8, 514 .

AMA Style

Jennifer R. Matthews, Lakshini Y. Herat, Aaron L. Magno, Shelley Gorman, Markus P. Schlaich, Vance B. Matthews. SGLT2 Inhibitor-Induced Sympathoexcitation in White Adipose Tissue: A Novel Mechanism for Beiging. Biomedicines. 2020; 8 (11):514.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jennifer R. Matthews; Lakshini Y. Herat; Aaron L. Magno; Shelley Gorman; Markus P. Schlaich; Vance B. Matthews. 2020. "SGLT2 Inhibitor-Induced Sympathoexcitation in White Adipose Tissue: A Novel Mechanism for Beiging." Biomedicines 8, no. 11: 514.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2020 in Journal of Endocrinology
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In previous preclinical studies, low (non-burning) doses of UV radiation (UVR) limited weight gain and metabolic dysfunction in mice fed with a high-fat diet. Here, we explored the effects of low-dose UVR on physical activity and food intake and mechanistic pathways in interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT). Young adult C57Bl/6J male mice, housed as individuals, were fed a high-fat diet and exposed to low-dose UVR (sub-oedemal, 1 kJ/m2 UVB, twice-a-week) or ‘mock’ treatment, with or without running wheel access (2 h, for ‘moderate’ physical activity) immediately after phototherapy. There was no difference in distance run in mice exposed to UVR or mock-treated over 12 weeks of exposure to running wheels (P = 0.14). UVR (alone) did not significantly affect food intake, adiposity, or signs of glucose dysfunction. Access to running wheels increased food intake (after 10 weeks, P ≤ 0.02) and reduced gonadal white adipose tissue and iBAT mass (P ≤ 0.03). Body weight and hepatic steatosis were lowest in mice exposed to UVR with running wheel access. In the iBAT of mice exposed to UVR and running wheels, elevated Atgl, Cd36, Fasn, Igf1, Pparγ, and Ucp1 mRNAs and reduced CD11c on F4-80 + MHC class II+ macrophages were observed, while renal Sglt2 mRNA levels were increased, compared to high-fat diet alone (P ≤ 0.03). Blood levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D were not increased by exposure to UVR and/or access to running wheels. In conclusion, when combined with physical activity, low-dose UVR may more effectively limit adiposity (specifically, body weight and hepatic steatosis) and modulate metabolic and immune pathways in iBAT.

ACS Style

Tristan S Allemann; Gursimran Dhamrait; Naomi J Fleury; Tamara N Abel; Prue H Hart; Robyn M Lucas; Vance B Matthews; Shelley Gorman. Low-dose UV radiation before running wheel access activates brown adipose tissue. Journal of Endocrinology 2020, 244, 473 -486.

AMA Style

Tristan S Allemann, Gursimran Dhamrait, Naomi J Fleury, Tamara N Abel, Prue H Hart, Robyn M Lucas, Vance B Matthews, Shelley Gorman. Low-dose UV radiation before running wheel access activates brown adipose tissue. Journal of Endocrinology. 2020; 244 (3):473-486.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tristan S Allemann; Gursimran Dhamrait; Naomi J Fleury; Tamara N Abel; Prue H Hart; Robyn M Lucas; Vance B Matthews; Shelley Gorman. 2020. "Low-dose UV radiation before running wheel access activates brown adipose tissue." Journal of Endocrinology 244, no. 3: 473-486.

Review article
Published: 30 November 2019 in Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research
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Extreme environments of high ultraviolet radiation (UVR) were avoided by successful implementation of the Montreal Protocol. With increasing temperatures and air pollution levels, the impacts of the climate crisis on sun exposure and human health are uncertain. Emerging pre-clinical findings suggest that some sun exposure is necessary for optimal metabolic health, with new evidence for beneficial effects of UVR-induced nitric oxide in regulation of important metabolic pathways in the liver and brown adipose tissue. Association studies point towards cardioprotective effects of sun exposure with increases in HDL-cholesterol levels observed in both adults and children. Further work defining likely novel pathways and (neuroendocrine) mediators responsible for these observations, and their effects in extreme environments initiated by climate change is needed.

ACS Style

Shelley Gorman. Sun exposure: An environmental preventer of metabolic dysfunction? Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research 2019, 11, 1 -8.

AMA Style

Shelley Gorman. Sun exposure: An environmental preventer of metabolic dysfunction? Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research. 2019; 11 ():1-8.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shelley Gorman. 2019. "Sun exposure: An environmental preventer of metabolic dysfunction?" Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research 11, no. : 1-8.

Article
Published: 11 November 2019 in Diabetologia
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Exposure to sunlight has the potential to suppress metabolic dysfunction and obesity. We previously demonstrated that regular exposure to low-doses of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) reduced weight gain and signs of diabetes in male mice fed a high-fat diet, in part via release of nitric oxide from skin. Here, we explore further mechanistic pathways through which low-dose UVR exerts these beneficial effects. We fed mice with a luciferase-tagged Ucp1 gene (which encodes uncoupling protein-1 [UCP-1]), referred to here as the Ucp1 luciferase transgenic mouse ('Thermomouse') a high-fat diet and examined the effects of repeated exposure to low-dose UVR on weight gain and development of metabolic dysfunction as well as UCP-1-dependent thermogenesis in interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT). Repeated exposure to low-dose UVR suppressed the development of glucose intolerance and hepatic lipid accumulation via dermal release of nitric oxide while also reducing circulating IL-6 (compared with mice fed a high-fat diet only). Dietary nitrate supplementation did not mimic the effects of low-dose UVR. A single low dose of UVR increased UCP-1 expression (by more than twofold) in iBAT of mice fed a low-fat diet, 24 h after exposure. However, in mice fed a high-fat diet, there was no effect of UVR on UCP-1 expression in iBAT (compared with mock-treated mice) when measured at regular intervals over 12 weeks. More extensive circadian studies did not identify any substantial shifts in UCP-1 expression in mice exposed to low-dose UVR, although skin temperature at the interscapular site was reduced in UVR-exposed mice. The appearance of cells with a white adipocyte phenotype ('whitening') in iBAT induced by consuming the high-fat diet was suppressed by exposure to low-dose UVR in a nitric oxide-dependent fashion. Significant shifts in the expression of important core gene regulators of BAT function (Dio2, increased more than twofold), fatty acid transport (increased Fatp2 [also known as Slc27a2]), lipolysis (decreased Atgl [also known as Pnpla2]), lipogenesis (decreased Fasn) and inflammation (decreased Tnf), and proportions of macrophages (increased twofold) were observed in iBAT of mice exposed to low-dose UVR. These effects were independent of nitric oxide released from skin. Our results suggest that non-burning (low-dose) UVR suppresses the BAT 'whitening', steatotic and pro-diabetic effects of consuming a high-fat diet through skin release of nitric oxide, with some metabolic and immune pathways in iBAT regulated by UVR independently of nitric oxide.

ACS Style

Gursimran Dhamrait; Kunjal Panchal; Naomi J. Fleury; Tamara N. Abel; Mathew K. Ancliffe; Rachael C. Crew; Kevin Croft; Bernadette Fernandez; Magdalena Minnion; Prue H. Hart; Robyn M. Lucas; Peter J. Mark; Martin Feelisch; Richard B. Weller; Vance Matthews; Shelley Gorman. Characterising nitric oxide-mediated metabolic benefits of low-dose ultraviolet radiation in the mouse: a focus on brown adipose tissue. Diabetologia 2019, 63, 179 -193.

AMA Style

Gursimran Dhamrait, Kunjal Panchal, Naomi J. Fleury, Tamara N. Abel, Mathew K. Ancliffe, Rachael C. Crew, Kevin Croft, Bernadette Fernandez, Magdalena Minnion, Prue H. Hart, Robyn M. Lucas, Peter J. Mark, Martin Feelisch, Richard B. Weller, Vance Matthews, Shelley Gorman. Characterising nitric oxide-mediated metabolic benefits of low-dose ultraviolet radiation in the mouse: a focus on brown adipose tissue. Diabetologia. 2019; 63 (1):179-193.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gursimran Dhamrait; Kunjal Panchal; Naomi J. Fleury; Tamara N. Abel; Mathew K. Ancliffe; Rachael C. Crew; Kevin Croft; Bernadette Fernandez; Magdalena Minnion; Prue H. Hart; Robyn M. Lucas; Peter J. Mark; Martin Feelisch; Richard B. Weller; Vance Matthews; Shelley Gorman. 2019. "Characterising nitric oxide-mediated metabolic benefits of low-dose ultraviolet radiation in the mouse: a focus on brown adipose tissue." Diabetologia 63, no. 1: 179-193.

Erratum
Published: 09 November 2019 in The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
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ACS Style

Michael Clarke; Lucinda Black; Prue H. Hart; Anderson P. Jones; Debra J. Palmer; Aris Siafarikas; Robyn M. Lucas; Shelley Gorman. Corrigendum to “The challenges of developing and optimising an assay to measure 25-hydroxyvitamin D in saliva” [J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 194 (2019) 105437]. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 2019, 202, 105474 .

AMA Style

Michael Clarke, Lucinda Black, Prue H. Hart, Anderson P. Jones, Debra J. Palmer, Aris Siafarikas, Robyn M. Lucas, Shelley Gorman. Corrigendum to “The challenges of developing and optimising an assay to measure 25-hydroxyvitamin D in saliva” [J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 194 (2019) 105437]. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 2019; 202 ():105474.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michael Clarke; Lucinda Black; Prue H. Hart; Anderson P. Jones; Debra J. Palmer; Aris Siafarikas; Robyn M. Lucas; Shelley Gorman. 2019. "Corrigendum to “The challenges of developing and optimising an assay to measure 25-hydroxyvitamin D in saliva” [J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 194 (2019) 105437]." The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 202, no. : 105474.

Journal article
Published: 03 October 2019 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Seasonality in glucose metabolism has been observed in adult populations; however, little is known of the associations between season and glucose metabolism in children. In this study, we examined whether markers of glucose metabolism (fasting glucose, insulin and HbA1c) varied by season in a paediatric population (6-13 years of age) located in Perth (Western Australia, n = 262) with data categorised by weight. Linear regression was used to analyse the nature of the relationships between mean daily levels of terrestrial ultraviolet radiation (UVR) (prior to the day of the blood test) and measures of glucose metabolism. Fasting blood glucose was significantly lower in autumn compared to spring, for children in combined, normal and obese weight categories. Fasting insulin was significantly lower in autumn and summer compared to winter for individuals of normal weight. HbA1c was significantly higher in summer (compared with winter and spring) in overweight children, which was in the opposite direction to other published findings in adults. In children with obesity, a strong inverse relationship (r = -0.67, p = 0.002) was observed for fasting glucose, and daily terrestrial UVR levels measured in the previous 6 months. Increased safe sun exposure in winter therefore represents a plausible means of reducing fasting blood sugar in children with obesity. However, further studies, using larger paediatric cohorts are required to confirm these relationships.

ACS Style

Catherine L. Clarke; Lana M. Bell; Peter Gies; Stuart Henderson; Aris Siafarikas; Shelley Gorman. Season, Terrestrial Ultraviolet Radiation, and Markers of Glucose Metabolism in Children Living in Perth, Western Australia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 3734 .

AMA Style

Catherine L. Clarke, Lana M. Bell, Peter Gies, Stuart Henderson, Aris Siafarikas, Shelley Gorman. Season, Terrestrial Ultraviolet Radiation, and Markers of Glucose Metabolism in Children Living in Perth, Western Australia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (19):3734.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Catherine L. Clarke; Lana M. Bell; Peter Gies; Stuart Henderson; Aris Siafarikas; Shelley Gorman. 2019. "Season, Terrestrial Ultraviolet Radiation, and Markers of Glucose Metabolism in Children Living in Perth, Western Australia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 19: 3734.

Review
Published: 28 August 2019 in Clinical Biochemist Reviews
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Emerging findings suggest that exposure to ultraviolet wavelengths of sunlight modulates metabolic function. Here we review the metabolic effects of exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR), focusing on the effects of phototherapies (that administer UVR), and advice to increase sun exposure in individuals enrolled in clinical trials and intervention studies. We identified 25 studies in which the effects of UVR on metabolic outcomes were examined, including: narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy (nbUVB, n = 12); psoralen ultraviolet A phototherapy (n = 4); other types of UVR phototherapy (n = 5); and sun exposure advice (n = 5). Most studies recruited a small number of participants (≤100), who were middle-aged individuals undergoing treatment for psoriasis flare, with phototherapy or sun exposure advice administered for ≤12 weeks. Data obtained at baseline were usually compared with an endpoint following treatment with UVR, for a limited number of outcomes. There were few studies in which markers of glucose metabolism were assessed, with some beneficial effects of sun exposure (but not phototherapy) reported. LDL-cholesterol levels were lower in individuals receiving sun exposure advice, while treatment with nbUVB reduced blood concentrations of inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein and interleukin-6). Future studies should focus on determining whether the effects of these interventions change with time, and if they are dependent on the source of UVR (i.e. phototherapy or sun exposure) and wavelength(s) of light administered. Furthermore, studies need to measure a variety of (clinical) markers of glucose metabolism, adiposity and inflammation, control for factors such as skin type and sex, and stratify participants for metabolic disease diagnosis.

ACS Style

Shelley Gorman; Barbora De Courten; Robyn M Lucas. Systematic Review of the Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation on Markers of Metabolic Dysfunction. Clinical Biochemist Reviews 2019, 40, 147 -162.

AMA Style

Shelley Gorman, Barbora De Courten, Robyn M Lucas. Systematic Review of the Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation on Markers of Metabolic Dysfunction. Clinical Biochemist Reviews. 2019; 40 (3):147-162.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shelley Gorman; Barbora De Courten; Robyn M Lucas. 2019. "Systematic Review of the Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation on Markers of Metabolic Dysfunction." Clinical Biochemist Reviews 40, no. 3: 147-162.

Journal article
Published: 25 July 2019 in The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
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Accurately detecting vitamin D deficiency (defined as concentration in blood of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), <20 ng/mL) is important for both clinicians and researchers. Drawing blood may be difficult in some populations, such as infants and children. We thus explored the development of a method to measure 25(OH)D concentrations in saliva, using a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay. Using 25(OH)D3 standards spiked into synthetic saliva, we generated a standard curve with high correlation (r = 0.999, Pearson’s); the intra-assay and inter-assay variation were ≤3.2% and ≤13.2% (CV%), respectively. Passive collection of saliva via drooling into glass or polypropylene tubes yielded higher levels of 25(OH)D3 than chewing on a synthetic swab. Chewing gum for at least 4 minutes reduced saliva levels of 25(OH)D3. Differences in the levels of 25(OH)D3 in saliva between the passive drooling and stimulated swab-chewing methods were normalised by adjusting for measured levels of vitamin D binding protein in saliva. Freezing samples immediately, or after 24 h of refrigeration did not affect 25(OH)D3 levels. When saliva levels of 25(OH)D3 were averaged from samples collected daily for three consecutive days, for which an additional centrifugation step was performed after samples were defrosted (to remove mucin), there was a positive (but non-significant) correlation between 25(OH)D3 levels in saliva and serum (r = 0.57, p = 0.24, Pearson’s) with significant correlations (r ≥ 0.88, p < 0.05) observed after further adjusting for saliva flow rate. The time of day of the collection made little difference to 25(OH)D3 levels measured in saliva. In conclusion, we have developed an LC-MS/MS assay that accurately measures saliva 25(OH)D3 levels, which correlated with serum levels. However, for a measurement that correlates with serum 25(OH)D it may be necessary to average results from saliva collected on three consecutive days, and adjust for differences in saliva flow rate. This would increase costs, and combined with the processing requirements for samples, could limit the applicability of this assay to large cohort and field studies.

ACS Style

Michael Clarke; Lucinda Black; Prue H. Hart; Anderson P. Jones; Debra J. Palmer; Aris Siafarikas; Robyn M. Lucas; Shelley Gorman. The challenges of developing and optimising an assay to measure 25-hydroxyvitamin D in saliva. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 2019, 194, 105437 .

AMA Style

Michael Clarke, Lucinda Black, Prue H. Hart, Anderson P. Jones, Debra J. Palmer, Aris Siafarikas, Robyn M. Lucas, Shelley Gorman. The challenges of developing and optimising an assay to measure 25-hydroxyvitamin D in saliva. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 2019; 194 ():105437.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michael Clarke; Lucinda Black; Prue H. Hart; Anderson P. Jones; Debra J. Palmer; Aris Siafarikas; Robyn M. Lucas; Shelley Gorman. 2019. "The challenges of developing and optimising an assay to measure 25-hydroxyvitamin D in saliva." The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 194, no. : 105437.

Journal article
Published: 17 July 2019 in Photochemistry and Photobiology
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Obesity is a significant health problem worldwide. Exposure to low-dose ultraviolet radiation (like that in sunlight) suppresses the development of obesity in mice; however, the nature of the associations between sun exposure and adiposity is not well understood in humans. The present study characterized cross-sectional relationships between sun exposure and adiposity in a convenience cohort of breast (n = 269; mean age = 58 years) and prostate (n = 78; mean age = 69 years) cancer patients. Participants were enrolled in a 3-month exercise program in Perth, Australia. Self-reported questionnaires measured time spent outdoors (previous week, winter and summer), sex, age, treatment received and physical activity levels. Adiposity measures included body mass index, waist-hip ratio and body fat percentage (measured via DXA). In unadjusted models, greater time spent outdoors across all times was significantly associated with lower waist-hip ratio, while greater time spent outdoors in the last winter was associated with lower body fat percentage, but not when stratified by sex. There were no statistically significant associations between time spent outdoors and adiposity after adjusting for sex, age, treatments received and physical activity. Longitudinal studies in larger populations may elucidate significant associations not found in our study due to the cross-sectional design and power limitations.

ACS Style

Gary D. Zhang; Lucinda Black; Matthew N. Cooper; Robyn M. Lucas; Shelley Gorman. Significant Associations Between Sun Exposure and Adiposity Were Not Observed in Breast and Prostate Cancer Patients in a Cross‐sectional Analysis. Photochemistry and Photobiology 2019, 95, 1433 -1440.

AMA Style

Gary D. Zhang, Lucinda Black, Matthew N. Cooper, Robyn M. Lucas, Shelley Gorman. Significant Associations Between Sun Exposure and Adiposity Were Not Observed in Breast and Prostate Cancer Patients in a Cross‐sectional Analysis. Photochemistry and Photobiology. 2019; 95 (6):1433-1440.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gary D. Zhang; Lucinda Black; Matthew N. Cooper; Robyn M. Lucas; Shelley Gorman. 2019. "Significant Associations Between Sun Exposure and Adiposity Were Not Observed in Breast and Prostate Cancer Patients in a Cross‐sectional Analysis." Photochemistry and Photobiology 95, no. 6: 1433-1440.

Research note
Published: 11 February 2019 in BMC Research Notes
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Obesity often emerges in middle age, increasing risk for metabolic disorders. Our previous preclinical experiments identified that chronic exposure to non-burning ultraviolet radiation, like that achieved through sun exposure, prevented weight gain and signs of metabolic dysfunction in young adult mice fed a high fat diet. Our objective was to perform a pilot study to estimate the effect size of ongoing exposure to sub-erythemal (non-burning, low dose) UVB (1 kJ/m2) radiation on measures of adiposity, food intake and physical activity in ‘mature’ adult C57Bl/6J male mice fed a high fat diet for 12 weeks. The severity of liver steatosis, fibrosis and inflammation were reduced in older adult mice exposed twice a week to ultraviolet radiation (from 29 weeks of age), compared to mock-irradiated mice, with some evidence for reduced hepatic mRNAs for tnf and tgfß1 (not fatp2 nor fasN). Power analyses suggested that up to 24 mice per treatment would be required in future experiments to detect a significant effect on some markers of adiposity such as body weight gain. Our studies suggest frequent exposure to low levels of sunlight may reduce the severity of hepatic steatosis induced in older adults living in environments of high caloric intake.

ACS Style

Samantha Teng; Lipi Chakravorty; Naomi Fleury; Shelley Gorman. Regular exposure to non-burning ultraviolet radiation reduces signs of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mature adult mice fed a high fat diet: results of a pilot study. BMC Research Notes 2019, 12, 1 -8.

AMA Style

Samantha Teng, Lipi Chakravorty, Naomi Fleury, Shelley Gorman. Regular exposure to non-burning ultraviolet radiation reduces signs of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mature adult mice fed a high fat diet: results of a pilot study. BMC Research Notes. 2019; 12 (1):1-8.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Samantha Teng; Lipi Chakravorty; Naomi Fleury; Shelley Gorman. 2019. "Regular exposure to non-burning ultraviolet radiation reduces signs of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mature adult mice fed a high fat diet: results of a pilot study." BMC Research Notes 12, no. 1: 1-8.

Journal article
Published: 30 January 2019 in Respiratory Research
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Background Epidemiological studies have identified strong relationships between maternal obesity and offspring respiratory dysfunction; however, the causal direction is not known. We tested whether maternal obesity alters respiratory function of offspring in early life. Methods Female C57Bl/6 J mice were fed a high or low fat diet prior to and during two rounds of mating and resulting pregnancies with offspring lung function assessed at 2 weeks of age. The lung function of dams was measured at 33 weeks of age. Results A high fat diet caused significant weight gain prior to conception with dams exhibiting elevated fasting glucose, and glucose intolerance. The number of surviving litters was significantly less for dams fed a high fat diet, and surviving offspring weighed more, were longer and had larger lung volumes than those born to dams fed a low fat diet. The larger lung volumes significantly correlated in a linear fashion with body length. Pups born from the second pregnancy had reduced tissue elastance compared to pups born from the first pregnancy, regardless of the dam’s diet. As there was reduced offspring survival born to dams fed a high fat diet, the statistical power of lung function measures of offspring was limited. There were signs of increased inflammation in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of dams (but not offspring) fed a high fat diet, with more tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin(IL)-5, IL-33 and leptin detected. Dams that were fed a high fat diet and became pregnant twice had reduced fasting glucose immediately prior to the second mating, and lower levels of IL-33 and leptin in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Conclusions While maternal high fat diet compromised litter survival, it also promoted somatic and lung growth (increased lung volume) in the offspring. Further studies are required to examine downstream effects of this enhanced lung volume on respiratory function in disease settings.

ACS Style

Jordan Smoothy; Alexander N. Larcombe; Emily K. Chivers; Vance B. Matthews; Shelley Gorman. Maternal high fat diet compromises survival and modulates lung development of offspring, and impairs lung function of dams (female mice). Respiratory Research 2019, 20, 1 -18.

AMA Style

Jordan Smoothy, Alexander N. Larcombe, Emily K. Chivers, Vance B. Matthews, Shelley Gorman. Maternal high fat diet compromises survival and modulates lung development of offspring, and impairs lung function of dams (female mice). Respiratory Research. 2019; 20 (1):1-18.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jordan Smoothy; Alexander N. Larcombe; Emily K. Chivers; Vance B. Matthews; Shelley Gorman. 2019. "Maternal high fat diet compromises survival and modulates lung development of offspring, and impairs lung function of dams (female mice)." Respiratory Research 20, no. 1: 1-18.

Journal article
Published: 31 July 2018 in Scientific Reports
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Vitamin D has been suggested as a possible adjunctive treatment to ameliorate disease severity in human inflammatory bowel disease. In this study, the effects of diets containing high (D++, 10,000 IU/kg), moderate (D+, 2,280 IU/kg) or no vitamin D (D-) on the severity of dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) colitis in female C57Bl/6 mice were investigated. The group on high dose vitamin D (D++) developed the most severe colitis as measured by blinded endoscopic (p < 0.001) and histologic (p < 0.05) assessment, weight loss (p < 0.001), drop in serum albumin (p = 0.05) and increased expression of colonic TNF-α (p < 0.05). Microbiota analysis of faecal DNA showed that the microbial composition of D++ control mice was more similar to that of DSS mice. Serum 25(OH)D3 levels reduced by 63% in the D++ group and 23% in the D+ group after 6 days of DSS treatment. Thus, high dose vitamin D supplementation is associated with a shift to a more inflammatory faecal microbiome and increased susceptibility to colitis, with a fall in circulating vitamin D occurring as a secondary event in response to the inflammatory process.

ACS Style

Simon Ghaly; Nadeem O. Kaakoush; Frances Lloyd; Terence Mcgonigle; Danny Mok; Angela Baird; Borut Klopcic; Lavinia Gordon; Shelley Gorman; Cynthia Forest; Roger Bouillon; Ian C. Lawrance; Prue H. Hart. High Dose Vitamin D supplementation alters faecal microbiome and predisposes mice to more severe colitis. Scientific Reports 2018, 8, 11511 .

AMA Style

Simon Ghaly, Nadeem O. Kaakoush, Frances Lloyd, Terence Mcgonigle, Danny Mok, Angela Baird, Borut Klopcic, Lavinia Gordon, Shelley Gorman, Cynthia Forest, Roger Bouillon, Ian C. Lawrance, Prue H. Hart. High Dose Vitamin D supplementation alters faecal microbiome and predisposes mice to more severe colitis. Scientific Reports. 2018; 8 (1):11511.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Simon Ghaly; Nadeem O. Kaakoush; Frances Lloyd; Terence Mcgonigle; Danny Mok; Angela Baird; Borut Klopcic; Lavinia Gordon; Shelley Gorman; Cynthia Forest; Roger Bouillon; Ian C. Lawrance; Prue H. Hart. 2018. "High Dose Vitamin D supplementation alters faecal microbiome and predisposes mice to more severe colitis." Scientific Reports 8, no. 1: 11511.

Original article
Published: 02 April 2018 in Immunology & Cell Biology
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Asthma is a chronic disease affecting up to 10% of the Australian population for which medical treatment is solely aimed at relief of symptoms rather than prevention of disease. Evidence from animal and human studies demonstrates a strong link between viral respiratory infections, atopy and the development of asthma. Type I IFNs include IFNα and IFNβ, with subtype expression tailored toward the specific viral infection. We hypothesized that exposure to Type I IFNs and allergen may interfere with the healthy response to innocuous airway antigen exposure. In this study we use an ovalbumin (OVA)‐induced BALB/c model of experimental allergic airways disease, where pre‐exposure of the airways to OVA is protective against allergen sensitization, leading to allergen tolerance. We investigated airways pre‐exposure with OVA and type I IFNs on development of allergic airways disease. We demonstrate restoration of allergic airways disease on pre‐exposure with allergen and IFNβ, and not IFNα. Dysfunction in tolerance led to changes in dendritic cell antigen capture/traffic, T cell and B cell responses. Further, exposure to IFNβ with ongoing allergen exposure led to the development of hallmark asthma features, including OVA‐specific IgE and airways eosinophilia. Data indicate a role for IFNβ in linking viral infection and allergy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

ACS Style

Vanessa S Fear; Wee Peng Poh; Shelley Gorman; Jason C Waithman; Mark W Fear; Matthew W-P Poh. IFNβ inhibits the development of allergen tolerance and is conducive to the development of asthma on subsequent allergen exposure. Immunology & Cell Biology 2018, 96, 841 -851.

AMA Style

Vanessa S Fear, Wee Peng Poh, Shelley Gorman, Jason C Waithman, Mark W Fear, Matthew W-P Poh. IFNβ inhibits the development of allergen tolerance and is conducive to the development of asthma on subsequent allergen exposure. Immunology & Cell Biology. 2018; 96 (8):841-851.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vanessa S Fear; Wee Peng Poh; Shelley Gorman; Jason C Waithman; Mark W Fear; Matthew W-P Poh. 2018. "IFNβ inhibits the development of allergen tolerance and is conducive to the development of asthma on subsequent allergen exposure." Immunology & Cell Biology 96, no. 8: 841-851.