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In this paper, deep decarbonization in an urban neighborhood in Vienna, Austria is proposed focusing on decommissioning of the gas distribution grid for heat supply rather than trying to feed in “green” gas in the future. The core objective is to demonstrate that alternative network infrastructures and energy technologies ensure not only an adequate but also an even superior provision of local heat energy services. Two different deep decarbonization pathways are studied, namely, electrification of almost all energy services and expansion of the district heating network. In addition, future district cooling service supply is considered. The method applied couples and extends two open-source models offering a complete analysis toolkit covering a high spatial and temporal resolution. The results show that deep decarbonization of local multiple-energy carrier systems is possible, without being dependent on the existing distribution grid of natural gas. Possible stranded assets (also at the gas end-user level) must not play a decisive role, especially since the trade-off analyses in this work show that alternative scenarios of lower/zero-emission energy service provision are even more economical in the longer term since the CO2 price is expected to increase in the next decades. Future work may focus, among others, on the energy generation technology mix feeding into the district heating grid, the local mobility service needs, and a higher granularity to improve the assessment of the on-site (building-integrated) renewable generation potential associated with the emergence of energy community concepts.
Sebastian Zwickl-Bernhard; Hans Auer. Demystifying natural gas distribution grid decommissioning: An open-source approach to local deep decarbonization of urban neighborhoods. Energy 2021, 238, 121805 .
AMA StyleSebastian Zwickl-Bernhard, Hans Auer. Demystifying natural gas distribution grid decommissioning: An open-source approach to local deep decarbonization of urban neighborhoods. Energy. 2021; 238 ():121805.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSebastian Zwickl-Bernhard; Hans Auer. 2021. "Demystifying natural gas distribution grid decommissioning: An open-source approach to local deep decarbonization of urban neighborhoods." Energy 238, no. : 121805.
Urban areas have been responsible for the majority of the European Union (EU)-wide primary energy demand and
Axel Bruck; Santiago Díaz Ruano; Hans Auer. A Critical Perspective on Positive Energy Districts in Climatically Favoured Regions: An Open-Source Modelling Approach Disclosing Implications and Possibilities. Energies 2021, 14, 4864 .
AMA StyleAxel Bruck, Santiago Díaz Ruano, Hans Auer. A Critical Perspective on Positive Energy Districts in Climatically Favoured Regions: An Open-Source Modelling Approach Disclosing Implications and Possibilities. Energies. 2021; 14 (16):4864.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAxel Bruck; Santiago Díaz Ruano; Hans Auer. 2021. "A Critical Perspective on Positive Energy Districts in Climatically Favoured Regions: An Open-Source Modelling Approach Disclosing Implications and Possibilities." Energies 14, no. 16: 4864.
Interactions between different energy carriers (electricity, heat and gas) are considered beneficial for using renewable energy and reducing carbon emissions in the energy system. Nevertheless, the establishment of such hybrid grids or systems, also called multi-, integrated or smart energy systems, remains relatively unexplored. The concept is characterised by great complexity, questioning the common isolated view of energy grids. This paper analyses the changing requirements from historically grown, isolated energy grids towards renewable hybrid energy systems and the associated potential and challenges. A hybrid grid offers alternative use options, which make energy production and consumption more flexible. No peer-reviewed research provides quantitative analysis on the expected utilisation of the electricity, gas and thermal grid in a hybrid grids scenario. However, the traditional grids will compete among each other and increasingly with distributed power generation and consumption by prosumers. In addition, a reversal and reduction of the gas grid and possible new structures of a hydrogen network have to be considered. To achieve the desired savings in energy demand and carbon emissions while maintaining the security of supply and economic feasibility in hybrid energy systems, appropriate technologies, infrastructure financing, integrated system planning based on the relevant data and supportive market frameworks are required.
J. Ramsebner; R. Haas; H. Auer; A. Ajanovic; W. Gawlik; C. Maier; S. Nemec-Begluk; T. Nacht; M. Puchegger. From single to multi-energy and hybrid grids: Historic growth and future vision. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2021, 151, 111520 .
AMA StyleJ. Ramsebner, R. Haas, H. Auer, A. Ajanovic, W. Gawlik, C. Maier, S. Nemec-Begluk, T. Nacht, M. Puchegger. From single to multi-energy and hybrid grids: Historic growth and future vision. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2021; 151 ():111520.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ. Ramsebner; R. Haas; H. Auer; A. Ajanovic; W. Gawlik; C. Maier; S. Nemec-Begluk; T. Nacht; M. Puchegger. 2021. "From single to multi-energy and hybrid grids: Historic growth and future vision." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 151, no. : 111520.
In recent years, renewable energy sources have been installed in large numbers. Wind power in particular, a technology with very high potential, has become a significant source of energy in most power grids. However, wind power generation forecasting and scheduling remain very difficult tasks due to the uncertainty and stochastic behaviour of wind speed. This work provides a novel, powerful tool for wind power forecasting based on neural expansion analysis for time series forecasting (N-BEATS), a deep neural network approach. N-BEATS was designed as an easy-to-implement approach to solving non-linear stochastic time series forecasting problems. Additionally, a loss function is tailored to wind power forecasting to confront the issue of forecast bias. The results are compared with established models, such as statistical and machine learning approaches as well as hybrid models, using the real-world wind power data from 15 different European countries as input. Comprehensive and accurate results are obtained during this work, showing that this methodology can easily compete with other approaches and even outperform them in terms of accuracy in most cases. Additionally, the tailored loss function reduces the error significantly. The N-BEATS architecture is further customized to deliver decomposed components such as trend and seasonality, yielding interpretable outputs. These findings constitute considerable progress and provide support for decision makers.
Dominik Putz; Michael Gumhalter; Hans Auer. A novel approach to multi-horizon wind power forecasting based on deep neural architecture. Renewable Energy 2021, 178, 494 -505.
AMA StyleDominik Putz, Michael Gumhalter, Hans Auer. A novel approach to multi-horizon wind power forecasting based on deep neural architecture. Renewable Energy. 2021; 178 ():494-505.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDominik Putz; Michael Gumhalter; Hans Auer. 2021. "A novel approach to multi-horizon wind power forecasting based on deep neural architecture." Renewable Energy 178, no. : 494-505.
Hans Auer; Pedro Crespo del Granado; Pao-Yu Oei; Karlo Hainsch; Konstantin Löffler; Thorsten Burandt; Daniel Huppmann; Ingeborg Grabaak. Erratum to: Development and modelling of different decarbonization scenarios of the European energy system until 2050 as a contribution to achieving the ambitious 1.5 ∘C climate target—establishment of open source/data modelling in the European H2020 project openENTRANCE. e & i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik 2021, 138, 256 -256.
AMA StyleHans Auer, Pedro Crespo del Granado, Pao-Yu Oei, Karlo Hainsch, Konstantin Löffler, Thorsten Burandt, Daniel Huppmann, Ingeborg Grabaak. Erratum to: Development and modelling of different decarbonization scenarios of the European energy system until 2050 as a contribution to achieving the ambitious 1.5 ∘C climate target—establishment of open source/data modelling in the European H2020 project openENTRANCE. e & i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik. 2021; 138 (3):256-256.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHans Auer; Pedro Crespo del Granado; Pao-Yu Oei; Karlo Hainsch; Konstantin Löffler; Thorsten Burandt; Daniel Huppmann; Ingeborg Grabaak. 2021. "Erratum to: Development and modelling of different decarbonization scenarios of the European energy system until 2050 as a contribution to achieving the ambitious 1.5 ∘C climate target—establishment of open source/data modelling in the European H2020 project openENTRANCE." e & i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik 138, no. 3: 256-256.
To ensure broad application of renewable and energy-efficient energy systems in buildings and neighborhoods, profitable business models are vital. Energy supply contracting helps building residents to overcome the barrier of high upfront investment costs while additionally reducing risks related to energy-saving mechanisms. This study examines profitability for energy contractors in a variety of business cases that simultaneously ensure energy cost savings for the residents. A mixed-integer linear optimization model is developed for a neighborhood energy community, consisting of three buildings with diverse usages. In the process, the optimum capacities of building-attached and building-integrated photovoltaics, a heat pump, and a gas-fired mini combined heat and power unit are determined to cover the energy community’s electricity and heat load. Results show that cross-domain contracting within energy communities is highly profitable for both, the contractor and the residents, while the extent depends on the accounting method, assumed interest rate and depreciation time. The additional application of energy-efficiency measures in/on the buildings, constituting a combination of energy supply and energy performance contracting, further increases profitability. The investigation of several sensitivities shows that high grid energy costs for electricity and gas enhance profitability of local energy technologies, leading to an increase in optimal technology capacities.
Carolin Monsberger; Bernadette Fina; Hans Auer. Profitability of Energy Supply Contracting and Energy Sharing Concepts in a Neighborhood Energy Community: Business Cases for Austria. Energies 2021, 14, 921 .
AMA StyleCarolin Monsberger, Bernadette Fina, Hans Auer. Profitability of Energy Supply Contracting and Energy Sharing Concepts in a Neighborhood Energy Community: Business Cases for Austria. Energies. 2021; 14 (4):921.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarolin Monsberger; Bernadette Fina; Hans Auer. 2021. "Profitability of Energy Supply Contracting and Energy Sharing Concepts in a Neighborhood Energy Community: Business Cases for Austria." Energies 14, no. 4: 921.
In this work, the main research question is how a high penetration of energy communities (ECs) affects the national electricity demand in the residential sector. Thus, the existing building stock of three European regions/countries, namely, the Iberian Peninsula, Norway, and Austria, is analyzed and represented by four different model energy communities based on characteristic settlement patterns. A tailor-made, open-source model optimizes the utilization of the local energy technology portfolio, especially small-scale batteries and photovoltaic systems within the ECs. Finally, the results on the national level are achieved by upscaling from the neighborhood level. The findings of different 2030 scenarios (building upon narrative storylines), which consider various socio-economic and techno-economic determinants of possible future energy system development, identify a variety of modification potentials of the electricity demand as a result of EC penetration. The insights achieved in this work highlight the important contributions of ECs to low-carbon energy systems. Future work may focus on the provision of future local energy services, such as increasing cooling demand and/or high shares of electric vehicles, further enhancement of the upscaling to the national level (i.e., considering the distribution network capacities), and further diversification of EC composition beyond the residential sector.
Sebastian Zwickl-Bernhard; Hans Auer. Citizen Participation in Low-Carbon Energy Systems: Energy Communities and Its Impact on the Electricity Demand on Neighborhood and National Level. Energies 2021, 14, 305 .
AMA StyleSebastian Zwickl-Bernhard, Hans Auer. Citizen Participation in Low-Carbon Energy Systems: Energy Communities and Its Impact on the Electricity Demand on Neighborhood and National Level. Energies. 2021; 14 (2):305.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSebastian Zwickl-Bernhard; Hans Auer. 2021. "Citizen Participation in Low-Carbon Energy Systems: Energy Communities and Its Impact on the Electricity Demand on Neighborhood and National Level." Energies 14, no. 2: 305.
The question of whether the liberalization of the gas industry has led to less concentrated markets has attracted much interest among the scientific community. Classical mathematical regression tools, statistical tests, and optimization equilibrium problems, more precisely non-linear complementarity problems, were used to model European gas markets and their effect on prices. In this research, the parametric and nonparametric game theory methods are employed to study the effect of the market concentration on gas prices. The parametric method takes into account the classical Cournot equilibrium test, with assumptions on cost and demand functions. However, the non-parametric method does not make any prior assumptions, a factor that allows greater freedom in modeling. The results of the parametric method demonstrate that the gas suppliers’ behavior in Austria and The Netherlands gas markets follows the Nash–Cournot equilibrium, where companies act rationally to maximize their payoffs. The non-parametric approach validates the fact that suppliers in both markets follow the same behavior even though one market is more liquid than the other. Interestingly, our findings also suggest that some of the gas suppliers maximize their ‘utility function’ not by only relying on profit, but also on some type of non-profit objective, and possibly collusive behavior.
Hassan Hamie; Anis Hoayek; Hans Auer. Modeling Post-Liberalized European Gas Market Concentration—A Game Theory Perspective. Forecasting 2020, 3, 1 -16.
AMA StyleHassan Hamie, Anis Hoayek, Hans Auer. Modeling Post-Liberalized European Gas Market Concentration—A Game Theory Perspective. Forecasting. 2020; 3 (1):1-16.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHassan Hamie; Anis Hoayek; Hans Auer. 2020. "Modeling Post-Liberalized European Gas Market Concentration—A Game Theory Perspective." Forecasting 3, no. 1: 1-16.
Although the amount of solar photovoltaic systems installed in residential buildings is increasing globally, it is largely limited to single-occupancy dwellings and is extremely uneven across jurisdictions. Deployment on apartment buildings remains low, even in Australia with its world-leading residential photovoltaic penetration, or in countries subject to specific enabling legislation, such as Austria. We present a comparative study of photovoltaic system deployment on multi-occupancy residential buildings in these two countries, examining the impact of their distinct climates, financial settings, heating and cooling technologies and regulatory environments. A mixed-integer linear optimisation model is used to compare cost-optimal photovoltaic system size and achievable cost savings for a nine-apartment building. We find that Australia’s higher insolation and lower investment costs drive higher optimal system size and bill savings, but lower electricity tariffs and regulatory barriers constrain deployment. By contrast, European enabling legislation has not yet achieved success in overcoming Austria’s higher investment costs and lower solar exposure, partly due to significant administrative hurdles. Our findings point to possible country-specific policy approaches to increase deployment in this important sector.
Bernadette Fina; Mike B. Roberts; Hans Auer; Anna Bruce; Iain MacGill. Exogenous influences on deployment and profitability of photovoltaics for self-consumption in multi-apartment buildings in Australia and Austria. Applied Energy 2020, 283, 116309 .
AMA StyleBernadette Fina, Mike B. Roberts, Hans Auer, Anna Bruce, Iain MacGill. Exogenous influences on deployment and profitability of photovoltaics for self-consumption in multi-apartment buildings in Australia and Austria. Applied Energy. 2020; 283 ():116309.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBernadette Fina; Mike B. Roberts; Hans Auer; Anna Bruce; Iain MacGill. 2020. "Exogenous influences on deployment and profitability of photovoltaics for self-consumption in multi-apartment buildings in Australia and Austria." Applied Energy 283, no. : 116309.
The main research question of this work is how an urban neighborhood can optimally exploit its local renewable generation potential to cover its electricity, heat and cooling demand. Various cost-minimizing energy technology portfolio studies are examined for an energy community in Vienna, Austria. The method applied is a tailor-made extension of the existing open-source model urbs. Additional functionalities and energy services have been implemented. The results of three scenarios identify a variety of different trade-offs between energy technology utilization, local supply within the community and external supply from outside. The introduced performance indicators reveal the respective strengths/weaknesses of the different energy supply options. In this context, the economic efficiency of geothermal sources and the connection to the district cooling network are highlighted, which have so far received little attention. The insights achieved in this work directly support sustainable urban energy planning. Future work may focus on mapping higher spatial resolution, further enhancement of the performance indicators and implementation of operational energy scheduling and dispatch into the open-source modeling approach.
Sebastian Zwickl-Bernhard; Hans Auer. Open-source modeling of a low-carbon urban neighborhood with high shares of local renewable generation. Applied Energy 2020, 282, 116166 .
AMA StyleSebastian Zwickl-Bernhard, Hans Auer. Open-source modeling of a low-carbon urban neighborhood with high shares of local renewable generation. Applied Energy. 2020; 282 ():116166.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSebastian Zwickl-Bernhard; Hans Auer. 2020. "Open-source modeling of a low-carbon urban neighborhood with high shares of local renewable generation." Applied Energy 282, no. : 116166.
Electric vehicles represent a necessary alternative for wheeled transportation to meet the global and national targets specified in the Paris Agreement of 2016. However, the high concentration of electric vehicles exposes their harmful effects on the power grid. This reflects negatively on electricity market prices, making the charging of electric vehicles less cost-effective. This study investigates the economic potential of different charging strategies for an existing office site in Austria with multiple charging infrastructures. For this purpose, a proper mathematical representation of the investigated case study is needed in order to define multiple optimization problems that are able to determine the financial potential of different charging strategies. This paper presents a method to implement electric vehicles and stationary battery storage in optimization problems with the exclusive use of linear relationships and applies it to a real-life use case with measured data to prove its effectiveness. Multiple aspects of four charging strategies are investigated, and sensitivity analyses are performed. The results show that the management of the electric vehicles charging processes leads to overall costs reduction of more than 30% and an increase in specific power-related grid prices makes the charging processes management more convenient.
Carlo Corinaldesi; Georg Lettner; Daniel Schwabeneder; Amela Ajanovic; Hans Auer. Impact of Different Charging Strategies for Electric Vehicles in an Austrian Office Site. Energies 2020, 13, 5858 .
AMA StyleCarlo Corinaldesi, Georg Lettner, Daniel Schwabeneder, Amela Ajanovic, Hans Auer. Impact of Different Charging Strategies for Electric Vehicles in an Austrian Office Site. Energies. 2020; 13 (22):5858.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlo Corinaldesi; Georg Lettner; Daniel Schwabeneder; Amela Ajanovic; Hans Auer. 2020. "Impact of Different Charging Strategies for Electric Vehicles in an Austrian Office Site." Energies 13, no. 22: 5858.
This study is concerned with the national transposition of the European Renewable Energy Directive into Austrian law. The objective is to estimate the economic viability for residential customers when participating in a renewable energy community (REC), focused on PV electricity sharing. The developed simulation model considers the omission of certain electricity levies as well as the obligatory proximity constraint being linked to grid levels, thus introducing a stepwise reduction of per-unit grid charges as an incentive to keep the inner-community electricity transfer as local as possible. Results show that cost savings in residential RECs cover a broad range from 9 EUR/yr to 172 EUR/yr. The lowest savings are gained by customers without in-house PV systems, while owners of a private PV system make the most profits due to the possibility of selling as well as buying electricity within the borders of the REC. Generally, cost savings increase when the source is closer to the sink, as well as when more renewable electricity is available for inner-community electricity transfer. The presence of a commercial customer impacts savings for households insignificantly, but increases local self-consumption approximately by 10%. Despite the margin for residential participants to break even being narrow, energy community operators will have to raise a certain participation fee. Such participation fee would need to be as low as 2.5 EUR/month for customers without in-house PV systems in a purely residential REC, while other customers could still achieve a break-even when paying 5 EUR/month to 6.7 EUR/month in addition. Those results should alert policy makers to find additional support mechanisms to enhance customers’ motivations to participate if RECs are meant as a concept that should be adopted on a large scale.
Bernadette Fina; Hans Auer. Economic Viability of Renewable Energy Communities under the Framework of the Renewable Energy Directive Transposed to Austrian Law. Energies 2020, 13, 5743 .
AMA StyleBernadette Fina, Hans Auer. Economic Viability of Renewable Energy Communities under the Framework of the Renewable Energy Directive Transposed to Austrian Law. Energies. 2020; 13 (21):5743.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBernadette Fina; Hans Auer. 2020. "Economic Viability of Renewable Energy Communities under the Framework of the Renewable Energy Directive Transposed to Austrian Law." Energies 13, no. 21: 5743.
The optimal design of microgrids with thermal energy system requires optimization techniques that can provide investment and scheduling of the technology portfolio involved. In the modeling of such systems with seasonal storage capability, the two main challenges include the low temporal resolution of available data and the non-linear cost versus capacity relationship of solar thermal and heat storage technologies. This work overcomes these challenges by developing two different optimization models based on mixed-integer linear programming with objectives to minimize the total energy costs and carbon dioxide emissions. Piecewise affine functions are used to approximate the non-linear cost versus capacity behavior. The developed methods are applied to the optimal planning of a case study in Austria. The results of the models are compared based on the accuracy and real-time performance together with the impact of piecewise affine cost functions versus non-piecewise affine fixed cost functions. The results show that the investment decisions of both models are in good agreement with each other while the computational time for the 8760-hours based model is significantly greater than the model having three representative periods. The models with piecewise affine cost functions show larger capacities of technologies than non-piecewise affine fixed cost function based models.
Muhammad Mansoor; Michael Stadler; Michael Zellinger; Klaus Lichtenegger; Hans Auer; Armin Cosic. Optimal planning of thermal energy systems in a microgrid with seasonal storage and piecewise affine cost functions. Energy 2020, 215, 119095 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Mansoor, Michael Stadler, Michael Zellinger, Klaus Lichtenegger, Hans Auer, Armin Cosic. Optimal planning of thermal energy systems in a microgrid with seasonal storage and piecewise affine cost functions. Energy. 2020; 215 ():119095.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Mansoor; Michael Stadler; Michael Zellinger; Klaus Lichtenegger; Hans Auer; Armin Cosic. 2020. "Optimal planning of thermal energy systems in a microgrid with seasonal storage and piecewise affine cost functions." Energy 215, no. : 119095.
The ambition of the openENTRANCE project is to develop and establish an open, transparent and integrated modelling platform for assessing low-carbon transition pathways of the European energy system. In this context, the open source energy system model GENeSYS-MOD is one of the core models having been developed enabling quantitative scenario pathway studies of the future European energy system. The four quantitative studies presented in the openENTRANCE project and in this paper build upon the four storylines developed at the beginning of the openENTRANCE project. A storyline is a narrative describing possible future trajectories (pathways) of the energy transition. Storylines should be understood as possible future developments of the European energy system, which could occur equally without having a preference for one of them. Three of the storylines, and subsequently quantified scenario pathway studies in openENTRANCE comply with the (European fraction of the) 1.5 ∘C global temperature increase limit. The fourth one approaches the 2.0 ∘C limit. The quantified scenario pathway results not only show the needs of the fully open energy system model GENeSYS-MOD to find feasible solutions of the underlying analytical optimization problem, but more importantly highlight what needs to be done in the future European energy system if we seriously intend to limit global warming!
Hans Auer; Pedro Crespo del Granado; Pao-Yu Oei; Karlo Hainsch; Konstantin Löffler; Thorsten Burandt; Daniel Huppmann; Ingeborg Grabaak. Development and modelling of different decarbonization scenarios of the European energy system until 2050 as a contribution to achieving the ambitious 1.5 ∘C climate target—establishment of open source/data modelling in the European H2020 project openENTRANCE. e & i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik 2020, 137, 346 -358.
AMA StyleHans Auer, Pedro Crespo del Granado, Pao-Yu Oei, Karlo Hainsch, Konstantin Löffler, Thorsten Burandt, Daniel Huppmann, Ingeborg Grabaak. Development and modelling of different decarbonization scenarios of the European energy system until 2050 as a contribution to achieving the ambitious 1.5 ∘C climate target—establishment of open source/data modelling in the European H2020 project openENTRANCE. e & i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik. 2020; 137 (7):346-358.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHans Auer; Pedro Crespo del Granado; Pao-Yu Oei; Karlo Hainsch; Konstantin Löffler; Thorsten Burandt; Daniel Huppmann; Ingeborg Grabaak. 2020. "Development and modelling of different decarbonization scenarios of the European energy system until 2050 as a contribution to achieving the ambitious 1.5 ∘C climate target—establishment of open source/data modelling in the European H2020 project openENTRANCE." e & i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik 137, no. 7: 346-358.
In contrast to conventional routing systems, which determine the shortest distance or the fastest path to a destination, this work designs a route planning specifically for electric vehicles by finding an energy-optimal solution while simultaneously considering stress on the battery. After finding a physical model of the energy consumption of the electric vehicle including heating, air conditioning, and other additional loads, the street network is modeled as a network with nodes and weighted edges in order to apply a shortest path algorithm that finds the route with the smallest edge costs. A variation of the Bellman-Ford algorithm, the Yen algorithm, is modified such that battery constraints can be included. Thus, the modified Yen algorithm helps solving a multi-objective optimization problem with three optimization variables representing the energy consumption with (vehicle reaching the destination with the highest state of charge possible), the journey time, and the cyclic lifetime of the battery (minimizing the number of charging/discharging cycles by minimizing the amount of energy consumed or regenerated). For the optimization problem, weights are assigned to each variable in order to put emphasis on one or the other. The route planning system is tested for a suburban area in Austria and for the city of San Francisco, CA. Topography has a strong influence on energy consumption and battery operation and therefore the choice of route. The algorithm finds different results considering different preferences, putting weights on the decision variable of the multi-objective optimization. Also, the tests are conducted for different outside temperatures and weather conditions, as well as for different vehicle types.
Theresia Perger; Hans Auer. Energy efficient route planning for electric vehicles with special consideration of the topography and battery lifetime. Energy Efficiency 2020, 13, 1705 -1726.
AMA StyleTheresia Perger, Hans Auer. Energy efficient route planning for electric vehicles with special consideration of the topography and battery lifetime. Energy Efficiency. 2020; 13 (8):1705-1726.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTheresia Perger; Hans Auer. 2020. "Energy efficient route planning for electric vehicles with special consideration of the topography and battery lifetime." Energy Efficiency 13, no. 8: 1705-1726.
Flexible energy consumption patterns represent a significant potential for end-users to reduce their energy costs due to the increasing price volatility in the electricity spot markets. However, a simple and exhaustive description of flexibilities is needed to efficiently coordinate multiple flexible components. In this paper, we propose a simple and complete method to describe the end-user flexibility potential. The proposed method describes flexibilities of the end-user technologies as a combination of inflexible loads and virtual batteries with variable capacities. This technique allows to describe the flexible components (such as heat pumps and boilers) with the exclusive use of linear relationships which can be implemented in mixed integer optimization problems. Furthermore, a rolling horizon optimization framework is used to define the operating strategy of the end-user components and the trades at the Day-Ahead and the Intraday spot markets. Moreover, we apply our proposed methods to a real-life use case in Austria with measured data to prove their effectiveness, validity and reliability. The results show that trading energy in the Day-Ahead and the Intraday spot markets can lead the end-user to a reduction of the energy procurement costs of 8%, but at the same time increases its energy consumption by 3.21%.
Carlo Corinaldesi; Daniel Schwabeneder; Georg Lettner; Hans Auer. A rolling horizon approach for real-time trading and portfolio optimization of end-user flexibilities. Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks 2020, 24, 100392 .
AMA StyleCarlo Corinaldesi, Daniel Schwabeneder, Georg Lettner, Hans Auer. A rolling horizon approach for real-time trading and portfolio optimization of end-user flexibilities. Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks. 2020; 24 ():100392.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlo Corinaldesi; Daniel Schwabeneder; Georg Lettner; Hans Auer. 2020. "A rolling horizon approach for real-time trading and portfolio optimization of end-user flexibilities." Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks 24, no. : 100392.
The economic value of photovoltaic (PV) systems depends on country-specific conditions. This study investigates the impact of grid fees, solar irradiance and local consumption on the profitability and penetration of PV systems and batteries in renewable energy communities. The linear optimization model calculates the optimal investments into PV and storages applied on a test community, which represents the European housing situation. The comparison of eight countries considers individual heat and cooling demands as well as sector coupling. Results show that renewable energy communities have the potential to reduce electricity costs due to community investments and load aggregation but do not necessarily lead to more distributed PV. Besides full-load hours, the energy component of electricity tariffs has the highest impact on PV distribution. Under current market conditions, battery energy storage systems are rarely profitable for increasing PV self-consumption but there is potential with power pricing. Renewable energy communities enable individuals to be a prosumer without the necessity of owning a PV system. This could lead to more (community) PV investments in the short term. Hence, it hinders investments in a saturated PV market.
Johannes Radl; Andreas Fleischhacker; Frida Huglen Revheim; Georg Lettner; Hans Auer. Comparison of Profitability of PV Electricity Sharing in Renewable Energy Communities in Selected European Countries. Energies 2020, 13, 5007 .
AMA StyleJohannes Radl, Andreas Fleischhacker, Frida Huglen Revheim, Georg Lettner, Hans Auer. Comparison of Profitability of PV Electricity Sharing in Renewable Energy Communities in Selected European Countries. Energies. 2020; 13 (19):5007.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJohannes Radl; Andreas Fleischhacker; Frida Huglen Revheim; Georg Lettner; Hans Auer. 2020. "Comparison of Profitability of PV Electricity Sharing in Renewable Energy Communities in Selected European Countries." Energies 13, no. 19: 5007.
Energy markets in the United States and Europe are getting more liberalized. The question of whether the liberalization of the gas industry in both markets has led to stable prices and less concentrated markets has appealed great interest among the scientific community. This study aims to measure the power and efficiency of an information structure contained in the gas prices time series. This assessment is useful to the oversight duty of regulators in such markets in the post liberalized era. First, econometric and mathematical methods based on game theory, records theory, and Shannon entropy are used to measure the following indicators: level of competition, price stability, and price uncertainty respectively—for both markets. Second, the level of information generated by these indicators is quantified using the information theory. The results of this innovative two-step approach show that the functioning of the European market requires the regulator’s intervention. This intervention is done by applying additional rules to enhance the competitive aspect of the market. This is not that case for the U.S. market. Also, the value of the information contained in both markets’ wholesale gas prices, although in asymmetric terms, is significant, and therefore proves to be an important instrument for the regulators.
Anis Hoayek; Hassan Hamie; Hans Auer. Modeling the Price Stability and Predictability of Post Liberalized Gas Markets Using the Theory of Information. Energies 2020, 13, 3012 .
AMA StyleAnis Hoayek, Hassan Hamie, Hans Auer. Modeling the Price Stability and Predictability of Post Liberalized Gas Markets Using the Theory of Information. Energies. 2020; 13 (11):3012.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnis Hoayek; Hassan Hamie; Hans Auer. 2020. "Modeling the Price Stability and Predictability of Post Liberalized Gas Markets Using the Theory of Information." Energies 13, no. 11: 3012.
As electric vehicle market penetration grows steadily and charging demand along with it, the analysis of daily usage gains in significance. We propose in this paper a simple yet powerful tool based on a Markov chain that can model the stochastic nature of day to day usage of a charging station if adequate datasets on travel patterns are available. The model is generic and therefore can be tailored to different locations with different features. Within this work, we conducted a case study with the aim to verify the algorithm. By an additional sensitivity analysis, impacts of the made assumptions are considered. With a final analysis of two charging tariff designs the model provides valuable stochastic information about electricity consumption and annual revenues at a location of interest.
Peter Sokorai; Andreas Fleischhacker; Georg Lettner; Hans Auer. Stochastic Modeling of the Charging Behavior of Electromobility. World Electric Vehicle Journal 2018, 9, 44 .
AMA StylePeter Sokorai, Andreas Fleischhacker, Georg Lettner, Hans Auer. Stochastic Modeling of the Charging Behavior of Electromobility. World Electric Vehicle Journal. 2018; 9 (3):44.
Chicago/Turabian StylePeter Sokorai; Andreas Fleischhacker; Georg Lettner; Hans Auer. 2018. "Stochastic Modeling of the Charging Behavior of Electromobility." World Electric Vehicle Journal 9, no. 3: 44.
Market integration of RES-E generation technologies is one of the core topics in the energy policy agenda of the European Commission (EC). However, legislation in this context still faces a variety of shortcomings (e.g. ignoring basic unbundling principles) in almost all Member States of the European Union (EU). Therefore, the major objective of this paper is to comprehensively discuss several dimensions of correct unbundling in the context of large-scale RES-E grid integration. Moreover, currently existing demarcation lines between the RES-E power plant, the grid infrastructure and overall system operation are questioned. It is also shown that there exist partly conflicting interests in cost remuneration of different disaggregated cost elements (grid connection costs, grid reinforcement/upgrading costs, extra system operation costs) for different market actors (RES-E developer, grid operator, system operator). It is concluded that only a convergence of different ongoing policies (RES-E promotion policy and grid regulation policy) guarantees the fulfilment of the ambitious goals of the EC on large-scale RES-E grid integration with minimal costs for society.
Hans Auer. The Relevance of Unbundling for Large-Scale Res-E Grid Integration in Europe. Energy & Environment 2006, 17, 907 -928.
AMA StyleHans Auer. The Relevance of Unbundling for Large-Scale Res-E Grid Integration in Europe. Energy & Environment. 2006; 17 (6):907-928.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHans Auer. 2006. "The Relevance of Unbundling for Large-Scale Res-E Grid Integration in Europe." Energy & Environment 17, no. 6: 907-928.