The spread of COVID-19 caused schools that previously used only a face-to-face system to deliver instruction online from home, a method commonly called e-learning. e-Learning is extremely beneficial in providing cost-effective education irrespective of time and geographical boundaries. Despite the benefit of e-learning, there are many problems associated with its use in Indonesia. Based on the results of research by Indonesian Child Protection Commission (KPAI), the application of e-learning in secondary schools in Indonesia is quite challenging. There is currently an education gap between the able and disadvantaged groups in Indonesia currently created by e-learning. This study aims to assess the behavior intention of e-learning at junior high schools in Jakarta and Tangerang, Indonesia, due to the impact of COVID19. The research model is based on the unified theory of acceptance and use of a technology framework. The behavioral intention of performance expectation, effort expectancy, attitude, facilitating condition, social influence, and cost were examined. Data were collected by administering questionnaires to respondents who studied at the junior high schools in Jakarta and Tangerang. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling. The results showed that the social influence of e-learning has a strong positive relationship with behavioral intention. The findings of the study contribute to the understanding of behavioral beliefs about e-learning in Jakarta and Tangerang due to COVID-19. This contribution could be a reference for the government in improving the education system for e-learning during COVID-19.

The estimated global population for 2050 is 9 billion, which implies an increase in food demand. Agriculture is the primary source of food production worldwide, and improving its efficiency and productivity through an integration with information and communication technology system, so-called “smart farming”, is a promising approach to optimizing food supply. This research employed bibliometric analysis techniques to investigate smart farming trends, identify their potential benefits, and analyze their research insight. Data were collected from 1141 publications in the Scopus database in the period 1997–2021 and were extracted using VOS Viewer, which quantified the connections between the articles using the co-citation unit, resulting in a mapping of 10 clusters, ranging from agriculture to soil moisture. Finally, the analysis further focuses on the three major themes of smart farming, namely the IoT; blockchain and agricultural robots; and smart agriculture, crops, and irrigation.

A new algorithm for optimizing 3G–WiFioffload and load balancing between nodes, called as New – Genetic Zone Routing Protocol (N – GZRP), is proposed in this paper. N – GZRP is a combination of outputs of Roulette Wheel selections method (RWs) and Rank Selections Method (Rs). Output from RWs is optimized by Rs where Rs is used as a threshold value of the uncertainty that occurs due to the use of RWs. The algorithm is implemented for detecting the performance of mobile devices on several different types of networks. The simulation results are compared with the (RWs)–GZRPand ZRP algorithm. The simulation results show that 35% of power consumption can be saved by using the proposed algorithm compared with GZRPalgorithm. Moreover,when compared with ZRP algorithm the proposed algorithm can save 60% power consumption. In addition, N – GZRP has a more stable throughput which is 3 Kbps higher than ZRP. The simulation results also show that N–GZRPhas smaller average delay than GZRP and ZRPwhich are about 20 msand 1400 ms, respectively.N – GZRP also reduces the synchronization delay about 25 ms and 45 ms compared withGZRPalgorithmand ZRP algorithm, respectively.

This paper examines the implementation of multi-level amplitude modulation enforced by trellis coding in a downlink non-orthogonal multiple access channel for visible light communication (VLC). The non-orthogonal transmission is applied using superposition coding and successive interference cancellation with the support of a trellis decoder. The VLC is addressed by a channel model according to Lambert. Two levels of maximum likelihood signal detection are observed and compared, each for corresponding 4 and 8 trellis-coded modulation (TCM). The power ratio allotment is examined to investigate the system performance in the bit error rate. The simulation showed that a threshold of power ratio is needed to ensure good performance of signal detection. Further simulation with successive detection had shown effective results for up to three users.

This paper proposes bandwidth enhancement of a cavity-backed slot antenna using a triangular slot on a half-mode substrate integrated waveguide structure antenna. The bandwidth enhancement was achieved by combining the fixed TE₁₀₁ and the downward shifting TE₁₀₂ modes, resulting in hybrid modes. The design evolution of the slot antenna from a half nonresonating rectangular slot to a triangular slot antenna increased the fractional bandwidth. The simulation result showed that fractional bandwidth increased from 6.27 to 9.1. It was confirmed by measurement that the fractional bandwidth of 9.87 was achieved which reflects a 350MHz bandwidth with center frequency at 3.84GHz. The measured gain at center frequency was 4.2dBi. It is shown that the radiation characteristics obtained from both measurement and simulation results are in very good agreement.

Internet of Things (IoT) network infrastructure now days growing very significantly, along with the number of smart devices being used in everyday life. The existence of obstacles in the Internet of Things (IoT) network area is the biggest challenge in the IoT routing network. This obstacle in the IoT network can be a wall or the absence of a router in a specific area. The routing development to facing obstacles problems has been done a lot, however, there no routing algorithm that can overcome that obstacle. This research proposed a Physarum Routing Algorithm with Adaptive Power Control (PRA-APC) to solve the problem of IoT obstacles in the network. PRA-APC method provides sufficient power to the last node before the obstacle so it can be able to pass through the obstacle to the final destination node. PRA-APC routing method will compare with other routing algorithms such as Physarum inspired Routing Protocol (P-iRP) and Robust Selection Physarum-inspired Routing Protocol (RS-PRP). The PRA-APC protocol can develop the shortest routing path, 70% better than P-iRP and RS-PRP. The result of the delay more efficient, network lifetime is longer, throughput is much better than other routing algorithm protocols. The PRA-APC routing performance improvement results in efficiency and balance of resources in the network so that it can extend the life span of IoT networks that have limited resources in the local IoT network infrastructure. The new development of the PRA-APC routing protocol can provide solutions to overcome the problem of obstacles in the IoT network.