Saba Arshad received a B.S. Hons in computer science from Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Pakistan, in 2015 and an M.S. in computer science from COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan, in 2017. She received a Ph.D. in control and robot engineering from Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea, in 2023. Her research interests include visual simultaneous localization and mapping, long-term visual place recognition, loop closure detection, visual–LiDAR fusion-based object detection, HD mapping for autonomous vehicle navigation, image processing, and machine learning. She is currently working as a post-doctoral research fellow at Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea.