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Large-scale informal recycling networks often emerge among developing economies in response to the challenges of modern urban waste accumulation. South Korea, despite its highly industrialized, developed economy, still maintains an extensive informal recycling sector made up of networks of local junk shops and individual waste pickers. As cities’ large data sources have become more widely available, the use of urban informatics in sustainable smart waste management has become more widespread. In this paper, we use geographic information system (GIS) analysis in order to uncover patterns within Korea’s informal recycling system, looking at the relationship between population demographics, waste levels, and urban planning with the prevalence of junk shops across Korea. We then interviewed junk shop owners, urban planning researchers, and government officials in order to better understand the factors that led to the coexistence of the country’s informal and formal systems of waste management and how junk shops have changed their operations over time in response to recent developments in cities’ urban fabrics. We conclude by giving suggestions for how the usage of urban informatics could increase the efficiency and sustainability of the country’s waste management systems, while also discussing the possible pitfalls of using such existing datasets for future policy decisions.
Jaehong Lee; Hans Han; Jong-Yoon Park; David Lee. Urban Informatics in Sustainable Waste Management: A Spatial Analysis of Korea’s Informal Recycling Networks. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3076 .
AMA StyleJaehong Lee, Hans Han, Jong-Yoon Park, David Lee. Urban Informatics in Sustainable Waste Management: A Spatial Analysis of Korea’s Informal Recycling Networks. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (6):3076.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJaehong Lee; Hans Han; Jong-Yoon Park; David Lee. 2021. "Urban Informatics in Sustainable Waste Management: A Spatial Analysis of Korea’s Informal Recycling Networks." Sustainability 13, no. 6: 3076.
Efficient evacuation planning is important for quickly navigating people to shelters during and after an earthquake. Geographical information systems are often used to plan routes that minimize the distance people must walk to reach shelters, but this approach ignores the risk of exposure to hazards such as collapsing buildings. We demonstrate evacuation route assignment approaches that consider both hazard exposure and walking distance, by estimating building collapse hazard zones and incorporating them as travel costs when traversing road networks. We apply our methods to a scenario simulating the 2016 Gyeongju earthquake in South Korea, using the floating population distribution as estimated by a mobile phone network provider. Our results show that balanced routing would allow evacuees to avoid the riskiest districts while walking reasonable distances to open shelters. We discuss the feasibility of the model for balancing both safety and expediency in evacuation route planning.
Wonjun No; Junyong Choi; SangJoon Park; David Lee. Balancing Hazard Exposure and Walking Distance in Evacuation Route Planning during Earthquake Disasters. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 2020, 9, 432 .
AMA StyleWonjun No, Junyong Choi, SangJoon Park, David Lee. Balancing Hazard Exposure and Walking Distance in Evacuation Route Planning during Earthquake Disasters. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2020; 9 (7):432.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWonjun No; Junyong Choi; SangJoon Park; David Lee. 2020. "Balancing Hazard Exposure and Walking Distance in Evacuation Route Planning during Earthquake Disasters." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 7: 432.
The emergence of COVID-19 in South Korea, and the public and private sector response to it, serves as a valuable case study for countries facing similar outbreaks. This article focuses on how Korean health officials implemented drive-through and walk-through diagnostic testing, and extensive movement and contact tracing, to identify and inform exposed members of the public. Mobile applications from both government agencies and private developers played an important role in guiding people to testing centers, communicating movement trajectories of confirmed cases on digital maps, and tracking the health and movements of travelers and others at risk of exposure. This case study illustrates the importance of rapid adaptation of transportation infrastructure and location-based information technology to respond to public health crises, and how governments can learn from experimentation and past experience to accelerate these responses.
David Lee; Jaehong Lee. Testing on the move: South Korea's rapid response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives 2020, 5, 100111 -100111.
AMA StyleDavid Lee, Jaehong Lee. Testing on the move: South Korea's rapid response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives. 2020; 5 ():100111-100111.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavid Lee; Jaehong Lee. 2020. "Testing on the move: South Korea's rapid response to the COVID-19 pandemic." Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives 5, no. : 100111-100111.
Though the technological advancement of smart city infrastructure has significantly improved urban pedestrians’ health and safety, there remains a large number of road traffic accident victims, making it a pressing current transportation concern. In particular, unsignalized crosswalks present a major threat to pedestrians, but we lack dense behavioral data to understand the risks they face. In this study, we propose a new model for potential pedestrian risky event (PPRE) analysis, using video footage gathered by road security cameras already installed at such crossings. Our system automatically detects vehicles and pedestrians, calculates trajectories, and extracts frame-level behavioral features. We use k-means clustering and decision tree algorithms to classify these events into six clusters, then visualize and interpret these clusters to show how they may or may not contribute to pedestrian risk at these crosswalks. We confirmed the feasibility of the model by applying it to video footage from unsignalized crosswalks in Osan city, South Korea.
Byeongjoon Noh; Wonjun No; Jaehong Lee; David Lee. Vision-Based Potential Pedestrian Risk Analysis on Unsignalized Crosswalk Using Data Mining Techniques. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 1057 .
AMA StyleByeongjoon Noh, Wonjun No, Jaehong Lee, David Lee. Vision-Based Potential Pedestrian Risk Analysis on Unsignalized Crosswalk Using Data Mining Techniques. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (3):1057.
Chicago/Turabian StyleByeongjoon Noh; Wonjun No; Jaehong Lee; David Lee. 2020. "Vision-Based Potential Pedestrian Risk Analysis on Unsignalized Crosswalk Using Data Mining Techniques." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3: 1057.
Byeongjoon Noh; Wonjun No; David Lee. Vision-based Overhead Front Point Recognition of Vehicles for Traffic Safety Analysis. Proceedings of the 2018 ACM International Joint Conference and 2018 International Symposium on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and Wearable Computers 2018, 1096 -1102.
AMA StyleByeongjoon Noh, Wonjun No, David Lee. Vision-based Overhead Front Point Recognition of Vehicles for Traffic Safety Analysis. Proceedings of the 2018 ACM International Joint Conference and 2018 International Symposium on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and Wearable Computers. 2018; ():1096-1102.
Chicago/Turabian StyleByeongjoon Noh; Wonjun No; David Lee. 2018. "Vision-based Overhead Front Point Recognition of Vehicles for Traffic Safety Analysis." Proceedings of the 2018 ACM International Joint Conference and 2018 International Symposium on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and Wearable Computers , no. : 1096-1102.
Many nations seek to control or prevent the inflow of waste electronic and electrical equipment, but such flows are difficult to track due to undocumented, often illegal global trade in e-waste. We apply wireless GPS location trackers to this problem, detecting potential cases of non-compliant recycling operations in the United States as well as the global trajectories of exported e-waste. By planting hidden trackers inside discarded computer monitors and printers, we tracked dozens of devices being sent overseas to various ports in Asia, flows likely unreported in official trade data. We discuss how location tracking enables new ways to monitor, regulate, and enforce rules on the international movement of hazardous electronic waste materials, and the limitations of such methods.
David Lee; Dietmar Offenhuber; Fábio Duarte; Assaf Biderman; Carlo Ratti. Monitour: Tracking global routes of electronic waste. Waste Management 2018, 72, 362 -370.
AMA StyleDavid Lee, Dietmar Offenhuber, Fábio Duarte, Assaf Biderman, Carlo Ratti. Monitour: Tracking global routes of electronic waste. Waste Management. 2018; 72 ():362-370.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavid Lee; Dietmar Offenhuber; Fábio Duarte; Assaf Biderman; Carlo Ratti. 2018. "Monitour: Tracking global routes of electronic waste." Waste Management 72, no. : 362-370.
It is widely reported that partisanship in the United States Congress is at an historic high. Given that individuals are persuaded to follow party lines while having the opportunity and incentives to collaborate with members of the opposite party, our goal is to measure the extent to which legislators tend to form ideological relationships with members of the opposite party. We quantify the level of cooperation, or lack thereof, between Democrat and Republican Party members in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1949–2012. We define a network of over 5 million pairs of representatives, and compare the mutual agreement rates on legislative decisions between two distinct types of pairs: those from the same party and those formed of members from different parties. We find that despite short-term fluctuations, partisanship or non-cooperation in the U.S. Congress has been increasing exponentially for over 60 years with no sign of abating or reversing. Yet, a group of representatives continue to cooperate across party lines despite growing partisanship.
Clio Andris; David Lee; Marcus J. Hamilton; Mauro Martino; Christian Gunning; John Armistead Selden. The Rise of Partisanship and Super-Cooperators in the U.S. House of Representatives. PLOS ONE 2015, 10, e0123507 .
AMA StyleClio Andris, David Lee, Marcus J. Hamilton, Mauro Martino, Christian Gunning, John Armistead Selden. The Rise of Partisanship and Super-Cooperators in the U.S. House of Representatives. PLOS ONE. 2015; 10 (4):e0123507.
Chicago/Turabian StyleClio Andris; David Lee; Marcus J. Hamilton; Mauro Martino; Christian Gunning; John Armistead Selden. 2015. "The Rise of Partisanship and Super-Cooperators in the U.S. House of Representatives." PLOS ONE 10, no. 4: e0123507.
David Lee; Dietmar Offenhuber; Lucia Helena Xavier; Carlo Ratti. Forager. Proceedings of the 2015 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and Proceedings of the 2015 ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computers - UbiComp '15 2015, 1159 -1167.
AMA StyleDavid Lee, Dietmar Offenhuber, Lucia Helena Xavier, Carlo Ratti. Forager. Proceedings of the 2015 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and Proceedings of the 2015 ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computers - UbiComp '15. 2015; ():1159-1167.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavid Lee; Dietmar Offenhuber; Lucia Helena Xavier; Carlo Ratti. 2015. "Forager." Proceedings of the 2015 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and Proceedings of the 2015 ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computers - UbiComp '15 , no. : 1159-1167.
Building on top of an experiment in tracking the movement of trash, we tested whether viewing this sensor data would change peoples' sustainability attitudes and behaviors. We showed subjects real-time maps of trash tagged with networked GPS sensors, and surveyed them before and after seeing this information. Our results show that subjects did not significantly change their behavior in the long run, but they reported better understanding of where their trash went and how tracking technologies worked. Those who participated in deploying sensors reacted differently on some questions from those who had not volunteered. This study illustrates both limits and new opportunities for the Internet of Things to improve sustainability outreach and action at the grassroots level.
David Lee; Dietmar Offenhuber; Assaf Biderman; Carlo Ratti. Learning from tracking waste: How transparent trash networks affect sustainable attitudes and behavior. 2014 IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT) 2014, 130 -134.
AMA StyleDavid Lee, Dietmar Offenhuber, Assaf Biderman, Carlo Ratti. Learning from tracking waste: How transparent trash networks affect sustainable attitudes and behavior. 2014 IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT). 2014; ():130-134.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavid Lee; Dietmar Offenhuber; Assaf Biderman; Carlo Ratti. 2014. "Learning from tracking waste: How transparent trash networks affect sustainable attitudes and behavior." 2014 IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT) , no. : 130-134.
Using active self-reporting tags, the authors followed 2,000 objects through Seattle's waste management system. By making the waste removal chain more transparent, they help reveal the disposal process of everyday objects, highlighting potential inefficiencies in the current removal system.
Santi Phithakkitnukoon; Malima I. Wolf; Dietmar Offenhuber; David Lee; Assaf Biderman; Carlo Ratti. Tracking Trash. IEEE Pervasive Computing 2013, 12, 38 -48.
AMA StyleSanti Phithakkitnukoon, Malima I. Wolf, Dietmar Offenhuber, David Lee, Assaf Biderman, Carlo Ratti. Tracking Trash. IEEE Pervasive Computing. 2013; 12 (2):38-48.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSanti Phithakkitnukoon; Malima I. Wolf; Dietmar Offenhuber; David Lee; Assaf Biderman; Carlo Ratti. 2013. "Tracking Trash." IEEE Pervasive Computing 12, no. 2: 38-48.
Claudio Martani; David Lee; Prudence Robinson; Rex Britter; Carlo Ratti. ENERNET: Studying the dynamic relationship between building occupancy and energy consumption. Energy and Buildings 2012, 47, 584 -591.
AMA StyleClaudio Martani, David Lee, Prudence Robinson, Rex Britter, Carlo Ratti. ENERNET: Studying the dynamic relationship between building occupancy and energy consumption. Energy and Buildings. 2012; 47 ():584-591.
Chicago/Turabian StyleClaudio Martani; David Lee; Prudence Robinson; Rex Britter; Carlo Ratti. 2012. "ENERNET: Studying the dynamic relationship between building occupancy and energy consumption." Energy and Buildings 47, no. : 584-591.
Problem, research strategy, and findings: Reliable information on trash disposal is crucial but becomes difficult as waste removal chains grow increasingly complex. Lack of firm data on the spatial behavior of waste hampers effective recycling strategy design. In particular, the environmental impact of electronic and household hazardous waste is poorly understood. Our study investigates waste processing in an environmental, economic, and geographic context, using novel methods to track municipal solid waste in the city of Seattle (WA). We observed the movement of 2,000 discarded items using attached active GPS sensors, recording an unprecedented spatial dataset of waste trajectories. We both qualitatively identified facilities visited along each item's trajectory, then statistical modeled characteristic transportation distance and the likelihood of ending up at a specific type of facility by product categories, place of disposal, and collection mechanism. We show that a) electronic and household hazardous waste items travel significantly longer and have more arbitrary trajectories than other types of waste and b) that existing models for waste emissions may underestimate the environmental impact of transportation by not accounting for very long trajectories. Takeaway for practice: Transportation costs and emissions may diminish the value of recycling. Collection strategies deserve closer attention given the long distances over which they operate. Electronic tracking could provide data for evaluating waste management systems. Research support: Waste Management, Qualcomm, Sprint, and the New York Architectural League provided material support for this study.
Dietmar Offenhuber; David Lee; Malima I. Wolf; Santi Phithakkitnukoon; Assaf Biderman; Carlo Ratti. Putting Matter in Place. Journal of the American Planning Association 2012, 78, 173 -196.
AMA StyleDietmar Offenhuber, David Lee, Malima I. Wolf, Santi Phithakkitnukoon, Assaf Biderman, Carlo Ratti. Putting Matter in Place. Journal of the American Planning Association. 2012; 78 (2):173-196.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDietmar Offenhuber; David Lee; Malima I. Wolf; Santi Phithakkitnukoon; Assaf Biderman; Carlo Ratti. 2012. "Putting Matter in Place." Journal of the American Planning Association 78, no. 2: 173-196.
Dietmar Offenhuber; David Lee. Putting the informal on the map. Proceedings of the 12th Participatory Design Conference on Exploratory Papers Workshop Descriptions Industry Cases - Volume 2 - PDC '12 2012, 13 -16.
AMA StyleDietmar Offenhuber, David Lee. Putting the informal on the map. Proceedings of the 12th Participatory Design Conference on Exploratory Papers Workshop Descriptions Industry Cases - Volume 2 - PDC '12. 2012; ():13-16.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDietmar Offenhuber; David Lee. 2012. "Putting the informal on the map." Proceedings of the 12th Participatory Design Conference on Exploratory Papers Workshop Descriptions Industry Cases - Volume 2 - PDC '12 , no. : 13-16.
A. Boustani; L. Girod; D. Offenhuber; R. Britter; M. I. Wolf; D. Lee; S. Miles; A. Biderman; C. Ratti. Investigation of the waste-removal chain through pervasive computing. IBM Journal of Research and Development 2011, 55, 1 .
AMA StyleA. Boustani, L. Girod, D. Offenhuber, R. Britter, M. I. Wolf, D. Lee, S. Miles, A. Biderman, C. Ratti. Investigation of the waste-removal chain through pervasive computing. IBM Journal of Research and Development. 2011; 55 (1):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Boustani; L. Girod; D. Offenhuber; R. Britter; M. I. Wolf; D. Lee; S. Miles; A. Biderman; C. Ratti. 2011. "Investigation of the waste-removal chain through pervasive computing." IBM Journal of Research and Development 55, no. 1: 1.