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David Lee
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea

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Journal article
Published: 11 March 2021 in Sustainability
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Large-scale informal recycling networks often emerge among developing economies in response to the challenges of modern urban waste accumulation. South Korea, despite its highly industrialized, developed economy, still maintains an extensive informal recycling sector made up of networks of local junk shops and individual waste pickers. As cities’ large data sources have become more widely available, the use of urban informatics in sustainable smart waste management has become more widespread. In this paper, we use geographic information system (GIS) analysis in order to uncover patterns within Korea’s informal recycling system, looking at the relationship between population demographics, waste levels, and urban planning with the prevalence of junk shops across Korea. We then interviewed junk shop owners, urban planning researchers, and government officials in order to better understand the factors that led to the coexistence of the country’s informal and formal systems of waste management and how junk shops have changed their operations over time in response to recent developments in cities’ urban fabrics. We conclude by giving suggestions for how the usage of urban informatics could increase the efficiency and sustainability of the country’s waste management systems, while also discussing the possible pitfalls of using such existing datasets for future policy decisions.

ACS Style

Jaehong Lee; Hans Han; Jong-Yoon Park; David Lee. Urban Informatics in Sustainable Waste Management: A Spatial Analysis of Korea’s Informal Recycling Networks. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3076 .

AMA Style

Jaehong Lee, Hans Han, Jong-Yoon Park, David Lee. Urban Informatics in Sustainable Waste Management: A Spatial Analysis of Korea’s Informal Recycling Networks. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (6):3076.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jaehong Lee; Hans Han; Jong-Yoon Park; David Lee. 2021. "Urban Informatics in Sustainable Waste Management: A Spatial Analysis of Korea’s Informal Recycling Networks." Sustainability 13, no. 6: 3076.

Journal article
Published: 10 July 2020 in ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information
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Efficient evacuation planning is important for quickly navigating people to shelters during and after an earthquake. Geographical information systems are often used to plan routes that minimize the distance people must walk to reach shelters, but this approach ignores the risk of exposure to hazards such as collapsing buildings. We demonstrate evacuation route assignment approaches that consider both hazard exposure and walking distance, by estimating building collapse hazard zones and incorporating them as travel costs when traversing road networks. We apply our methods to a scenario simulating the 2016 Gyeongju earthquake in South Korea, using the floating population distribution as estimated by a mobile phone network provider. Our results show that balanced routing would allow evacuees to avoid the riskiest districts while walking reasonable distances to open shelters. We discuss the feasibility of the model for balancing both safety and expediency in evacuation route planning.

ACS Style

Wonjun No; Junyong Choi; SangJoon Park; David Lee. Balancing Hazard Exposure and Walking Distance in Evacuation Route Planning during Earthquake Disasters. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 2020, 9, 432 .

AMA Style

Wonjun No, Junyong Choi, SangJoon Park, David Lee. Balancing Hazard Exposure and Walking Distance in Evacuation Route Planning during Earthquake Disasters. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2020; 9 (7):432.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wonjun No; Junyong Choi; SangJoon Park; David Lee. 2020. "Balancing Hazard Exposure and Walking Distance in Evacuation Route Planning during Earthquake Disasters." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 7: 432.

Correspondence
Published: 21 April 2020 in Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives
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The emergence of COVID-19 in South Korea, and the public and private sector response to it, serves as a valuable case study for countries facing similar outbreaks. This article focuses on how Korean health officials implemented drive-through and walk-through diagnostic testing, and extensive movement and contact tracing, to identify and inform exposed members of the public. Mobile applications from both government agencies and private developers played an important role in guiding people to testing centers, communicating movement trajectories of confirmed cases on digital maps, and tracking the health and movements of travelers and others at risk of exposure. This case study illustrates the importance of rapid adaptation of transportation infrastructure and location-based information technology to respond to public health crises, and how governments can learn from experimentation and past experience to accelerate these responses.

ACS Style

David Lee; Jaehong Lee. Testing on the move: South Korea's rapid response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives 2020, 5, 100111 -100111.

AMA Style

David Lee, Jaehong Lee. Testing on the move: South Korea's rapid response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives. 2020; 5 ():100111-100111.

Chicago/Turabian Style

David Lee; Jaehong Lee. 2020. "Testing on the move: South Korea's rapid response to the COVID-19 pandemic." Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives 5, no. : 100111-100111.

Journal article
Published: 05 February 2020 in Applied Sciences
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Though the technological advancement of smart city infrastructure has significantly improved urban pedestrians’ health and safety, there remains a large number of road traffic accident victims, making it a pressing current transportation concern. In particular, unsignalized crosswalks present a major threat to pedestrians, but we lack dense behavioral data to understand the risks they face. In this study, we propose a new model for potential pedestrian risky event (PPRE) analysis, using video footage gathered by road security cameras already installed at such crossings. Our system automatically detects vehicles and pedestrians, calculates trajectories, and extracts frame-level behavioral features. We use k-means clustering and decision tree algorithms to classify these events into six clusters, then visualize and interpret these clusters to show how they may or may not contribute to pedestrian risk at these crosswalks. We confirmed the feasibility of the model by applying it to video footage from unsignalized crosswalks in Osan city, South Korea.

ACS Style

Byeongjoon Noh; Wonjun No; Jaehong Lee; David Lee. Vision-Based Potential Pedestrian Risk Analysis on Unsignalized Crosswalk Using Data Mining Techniques. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 1057 .

AMA Style

Byeongjoon Noh, Wonjun No, Jaehong Lee, David Lee. Vision-Based Potential Pedestrian Risk Analysis on Unsignalized Crosswalk Using Data Mining Techniques. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (3):1057.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Byeongjoon Noh; Wonjun No; Jaehong Lee; David Lee. 2020. "Vision-Based Potential Pedestrian Risk Analysis on Unsignalized Crosswalk Using Data Mining Techniques." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3: 1057.

Conference paper
Published: 08 October 2018 in Proceedings of the 2018 ACM International Joint Conference and 2018 International Symposium on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and Wearable Computers
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ACS Style

Byeongjoon Noh; Wonjun No; David Lee. Vision-based Overhead Front Point Recognition of Vehicles for Traffic Safety Analysis. Proceedings of the 2018 ACM International Joint Conference and 2018 International Symposium on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and Wearable Computers 2018, 1096 -1102.

AMA Style

Byeongjoon Noh, Wonjun No, David Lee. Vision-based Overhead Front Point Recognition of Vehicles for Traffic Safety Analysis. Proceedings of the 2018 ACM International Joint Conference and 2018 International Symposium on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and Wearable Computers. 2018; ():1096-1102.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Byeongjoon Noh; Wonjun No; David Lee. 2018. "Vision-based Overhead Front Point Recognition of Vehicles for Traffic Safety Analysis." Proceedings of the 2018 ACM International Joint Conference and 2018 International Symposium on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and Wearable Computers , no. : 1096-1102.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2018 in Waste Management
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Many nations seek to control or prevent the inflow of waste electronic and electrical equipment, but such flows are difficult to track due to undocumented, often illegal global trade in e-waste. We apply wireless GPS location trackers to this problem, detecting potential cases of non-compliant recycling operations in the United States as well as the global trajectories of exported e-waste. By planting hidden trackers inside discarded computer monitors and printers, we tracked dozens of devices being sent overseas to various ports in Asia, flows likely unreported in official trade data. We discuss how location tracking enables new ways to monitor, regulate, and enforce rules on the international movement of hazardous electronic waste materials, and the limitations of such methods.

ACS Style

David Lee; Dietmar Offenhuber; Fábio Duarte; Assaf Biderman; Carlo Ratti. Monitour: Tracking global routes of electronic waste. Waste Management 2018, 72, 362 -370.

AMA Style

David Lee, Dietmar Offenhuber, Fábio Duarte, Assaf Biderman, Carlo Ratti. Monitour: Tracking global routes of electronic waste. Waste Management. 2018; 72 ():362-370.

Chicago/Turabian Style

David Lee; Dietmar Offenhuber; Fábio Duarte; Assaf Biderman; Carlo Ratti. 2018. "Monitour: Tracking global routes of electronic waste." Waste Management 72, no. : 362-370.

Research article
Published: 21 April 2015 in PLOS ONE
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It is widely reported that partisanship in the United States Congress is at an historic high. Given that individuals are persuaded to follow party lines while having the opportunity and incentives to collaborate with members of the opposite party, our goal is to measure the extent to which legislators tend to form ideological relationships with members of the opposite party. We quantify the level of cooperation, or lack thereof, between Democrat and Republican Party members in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1949–2012. We define a network of over 5 million pairs of representatives, and compare the mutual agreement rates on legislative decisions between two distinct types of pairs: those from the same party and those formed of members from different parties. We find that despite short-term fluctuations, partisanship or non-cooperation in the U.S. Congress has been increasing exponentially for over 60 years with no sign of abating or reversing. Yet, a group of representatives continue to cooperate across party lines despite growing partisanship.

ACS Style

Clio Andris; David Lee; Marcus J. Hamilton; Mauro Martino; Christian Gunning; John Armistead Selden. The Rise of Partisanship and Super-Cooperators in the U.S. House of Representatives. PLOS ONE 2015, 10, e0123507 .

AMA Style

Clio Andris, David Lee, Marcus J. Hamilton, Mauro Martino, Christian Gunning, John Armistead Selden. The Rise of Partisanship and Super-Cooperators in the U.S. House of Representatives. PLOS ONE. 2015; 10 (4):e0123507.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Clio Andris; David Lee; Marcus J. Hamilton; Mauro Martino; Christian Gunning; John Armistead Selden. 2015. "The Rise of Partisanship and Super-Cooperators in the U.S. House of Representatives." PLOS ONE 10, no. 4: e0123507.

Conference paper
Published: 01 January 2015 in Proceedings of the 2015 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and Proceedings of the 2015 ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computers - UbiComp '15
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ACS Style

David Lee; Dietmar Offenhuber; Lucia Helena Xavier; Carlo Ratti. Forager. Proceedings of the 2015 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and Proceedings of the 2015 ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computers - UbiComp '15 2015, 1159 -1167.

AMA Style

David Lee, Dietmar Offenhuber, Lucia Helena Xavier, Carlo Ratti. Forager. Proceedings of the 2015 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and Proceedings of the 2015 ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computers - UbiComp '15. 2015; ():1159-1167.

Chicago/Turabian Style

David Lee; Dietmar Offenhuber; Lucia Helena Xavier; Carlo Ratti. 2015. "Forager." Proceedings of the 2015 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and Proceedings of the 2015 ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computers - UbiComp '15 , no. : 1159-1167.

Proceedings article
Published: 01 March 2014 in 2014 IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT)
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Building on top of an experiment in tracking the movement of trash, we tested whether viewing this sensor data would change peoples' sustainability attitudes and behaviors. We showed subjects real-time maps of trash tagged with networked GPS sensors, and surveyed them before and after seeing this information. Our results show that subjects did not significantly change their behavior in the long run, but they reported better understanding of where their trash went and how tracking technologies worked. Those who participated in deploying sensors reacted differently on some questions from those who had not volunteered. This study illustrates both limits and new opportunities for the Internet of Things to improve sustainability outreach and action at the grassroots level.

ACS Style

David Lee; Dietmar Offenhuber; Assaf Biderman; Carlo Ratti. Learning from tracking waste: How transparent trash networks affect sustainable attitudes and behavior. 2014 IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT) 2014, 130 -134.

AMA Style

David Lee, Dietmar Offenhuber, Assaf Biderman, Carlo Ratti. Learning from tracking waste: How transparent trash networks affect sustainable attitudes and behavior. 2014 IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT). 2014; ():130-134.

Chicago/Turabian Style

David Lee; Dietmar Offenhuber; Assaf Biderman; Carlo Ratti. 2014. "Learning from tracking waste: How transparent trash networks affect sustainable attitudes and behavior." 2014 IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT) , no. : 130-134.

Journal article
Published: 18 April 2013 in IEEE Pervasive Computing
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Using active self-reporting tags, the authors followed 2,000 objects through Seattle's waste management system. By making the waste removal chain more transparent, they help reveal the disposal process of everyday objects, highlighting potential inefficiencies in the current removal system.

ACS Style

Santi Phithakkitnukoon; Malima I. Wolf; Dietmar Offenhuber; David Lee; Assaf Biderman; Carlo Ratti. Tracking Trash. IEEE Pervasive Computing 2013, 12, 38 -48.

AMA Style

Santi Phithakkitnukoon, Malima I. Wolf, Dietmar Offenhuber, David Lee, Assaf Biderman, Carlo Ratti. Tracking Trash. IEEE Pervasive Computing. 2013; 12 (2):38-48.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Santi Phithakkitnukoon; Malima I. Wolf; Dietmar Offenhuber; David Lee; Assaf Biderman; Carlo Ratti. 2013. "Tracking Trash." IEEE Pervasive Computing 12, no. 2: 38-48.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2012 in Energy and Buildings
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ACS Style

Claudio Martani; David Lee; Prudence Robinson; Rex Britter; Carlo Ratti. ENERNET: Studying the dynamic relationship between building occupancy and energy consumption. Energy and Buildings 2012, 47, 584 -591.

AMA Style

Claudio Martani, David Lee, Prudence Robinson, Rex Britter, Carlo Ratti. ENERNET: Studying the dynamic relationship between building occupancy and energy consumption. Energy and Buildings. 2012; 47 ():584-591.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Claudio Martani; David Lee; Prudence Robinson; Rex Britter; Carlo Ratti. 2012. "ENERNET: Studying the dynamic relationship between building occupancy and energy consumption." Energy and Buildings 47, no. : 584-591.

Articles
Published: 01 April 2012 in Journal of the American Planning Association
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Problem, research strategy, and findings: Reliable information on trash disposal is crucial but becomes difficult as waste removal chains grow increasingly complex. Lack of firm data on the spatial behavior of waste hampers effective recycling strategy design. In particular, the environmental impact of electronic and household hazardous waste is poorly understood. Our study investigates waste processing in an environmental, economic, and geographic context, using novel methods to track municipal solid waste in the city of Seattle (WA). We observed the movement of 2,000 discarded items using attached active GPS sensors, recording an unprecedented spatial dataset of waste trajectories. We both qualitatively identified facilities visited along each item's trajectory, then statistical modeled characteristic transportation distance and the likelihood of ending up at a specific type of facility by product categories, place of disposal, and collection mechanism. We show that a) electronic and household hazardous waste items travel significantly longer and have more arbitrary trajectories than other types of waste and b) that existing models for waste emissions may underestimate the environmental impact of transportation by not accounting for very long trajectories. Takeaway for practice: Transportation costs and emissions may diminish the value of recycling. Collection strategies deserve closer attention given the long distances over which they operate. Electronic tracking could provide data for evaluating waste management systems. Research support: Waste Management, Qualcomm, Sprint, and the New York Architectural League provided material support for this study.

ACS Style

Dietmar Offenhuber; David Lee; Malima I. Wolf; Santi Phithakkitnukoon; Assaf Biderman; Carlo Ratti. Putting Matter in Place. Journal of the American Planning Association 2012, 78, 173 -196.

AMA Style

Dietmar Offenhuber, David Lee, Malima I. Wolf, Santi Phithakkitnukoon, Assaf Biderman, Carlo Ratti. Putting Matter in Place. Journal of the American Planning Association. 2012; 78 (2):173-196.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dietmar Offenhuber; David Lee; Malima I. Wolf; Santi Phithakkitnukoon; Assaf Biderman; Carlo Ratti. 2012. "Putting Matter in Place." Journal of the American Planning Association 78, no. 2: 173-196.

Conference paper
Published: 01 January 2012 in Proceedings of the 12th Participatory Design Conference on Exploratory Papers Workshop Descriptions Industry Cases - Volume 2 - PDC '12
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ACS Style

Dietmar Offenhuber; David Lee. Putting the informal on the map. Proceedings of the 12th Participatory Design Conference on Exploratory Papers Workshop Descriptions Industry Cases - Volume 2 - PDC '12 2012, 13 -16.

AMA Style

Dietmar Offenhuber, David Lee. Putting the informal on the map. Proceedings of the 12th Participatory Design Conference on Exploratory Papers Workshop Descriptions Industry Cases - Volume 2 - PDC '12. 2012; ():13-16.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dietmar Offenhuber; David Lee. 2012. "Putting the informal on the map." Proceedings of the 12th Participatory Design Conference on Exploratory Papers Workshop Descriptions Industry Cases - Volume 2 - PDC '12 , no. : 13-16.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2011 in IBM Journal of Research and Development
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ACS Style

A. Boustani; L. Girod; D. Offenhuber; R. Britter; M. I. Wolf; D. Lee; S. Miles; A. Biderman; C. Ratti. Investigation of the waste-removal chain through pervasive computing. IBM Journal of Research and Development 2011, 55, 1 .

AMA Style

A. Boustani, L. Girod, D. Offenhuber, R. Britter, M. I. Wolf, D. Lee, S. Miles, A. Biderman, C. Ratti. Investigation of the waste-removal chain through pervasive computing. IBM Journal of Research and Development. 2011; 55 (1):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Boustani; L. Girod; D. Offenhuber; R. Britter; M. I. Wolf; D. Lee; S. Miles; A. Biderman; C. Ratti. 2011. "Investigation of the waste-removal chain through pervasive computing." IBM Journal of Research and Development 55, no. 1: 1.