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The world of travel and tourism have perhaps changed forever as a result of COVID-19; considered the worst global pandemic to affect the world, post World War II. The spread of the Coronavirus diseases was considerably attributed to the travel and tourism industry, and with the attempt to curb the spread of the virus, the industry experienced calamitous effects and suffered staggering financial losses. The same accounts for wildlife tourism (Southern Africa’s largest product) – bringing the hunting and ecotourism sector of South Africa to a complete standstill. The pandemic accompanied concerning and devastating effects, not only from a financial point of view, but also in terms of the conservation of these sectors within the industry. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis using the data obtained from the members of Wildlife Ranching South Africa (WRSA) to quantify the actual and potential financial losses in the private wildlife industry due to cancellations of hunters and ecotourists, live game sales and finally, game meat sales in the industry. From the results, the estimated financial impact of COVID-19 on the private wildlife industry is R6.694 billion (ZAR). The study made the following three contributions: Firstly, it determined the economic impact of COVID-19 on the private wildlife industry. Secondly, it provides the industry with a tangible document that can be used in securing funding and assistance from government and other non-profit organisations. Thirdly, it shows the importance of this industry to the South African economy and employment, although only applicable to private-owned reserves
Peet van der Merwe; Andrea Saayman; Chireé Jacobs. Assessing the economic impact of COVID-19 on the private wildlife industry of South Africa. Global Ecology and Conservation 2021, 28, e01633 .
AMA StylePeet van der Merwe, Andrea Saayman, Chireé Jacobs. Assessing the economic impact of COVID-19 on the private wildlife industry of South Africa. Global Ecology and Conservation. 2021; 28 ():e01633.
Chicago/Turabian StylePeet van der Merwe; Andrea Saayman; Chireé Jacobs. 2021. "Assessing the economic impact of COVID-19 on the private wildlife industry of South Africa." Global Ecology and Conservation 28, no. : e01633.
This article, examines the perspectives of rural people in Manicaland on the barriers to community participation in tourism. A qualitative approach was selected to give local people from the four districts of Manicaland a voice. In-depth interviews, observations and informal conversations were used to collect data. Data was collected from the various levels of the local communities. Data was collected from 43 local people in Manicaland and twenty more interviews were done with key informants. The findings indicate that local people are limited to participate in tourism by their lack of tourism knowledge, limited finance, peripherality, the marginalisation of women, and elite domination. Suggestions are made to mitigate these barriers. These findings may expose the strengths and weaknesses of the current strategies and approaches used to promote community participation in Zimbabwe’s community-based tourism development, making way for the best policies and approaches to boost community participation in tourism.
Owen Gohori; Peet Vander Merwe. Limitations to community participation in tourism from local people’s perspectives: Manicaland Province, Zimbabwe. Development Southern Africa 2021, 1 -15.
AMA StyleOwen Gohori, Peet Vander Merwe. Limitations to community participation in tourism from local people’s perspectives: Manicaland Province, Zimbabwe. Development Southern Africa. 2021; ():1-15.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOwen Gohori; Peet Vander Merwe. 2021. "Limitations to community participation in tourism from local people’s perspectives: Manicaland Province, Zimbabwe." Development Southern Africa , no. : 1-15.
There has been an increase in research tourism and community empowerment. Yet, most of the research has denied local people an opportunity to be heard concerning their views and perspectives on tourism's ability to empower communities. This article examines the views and perspectives of local rural people in Manicaland Province, Zimbabwe regarding tourism and community empowerment. In-depth interviews, direct observations and informal conversations were used to collect data from 43 local people in the province's four districts. The article argues that while tourism development in Manicaland empowers local people economically, socially, politically , and psychologically, signs of disempowerment are still visible. This research contributes to the alternative approach in tourism studies which seeks the perspectives, expectations and loved experiences of local communities.
Owen Gohori; Peet van der Merwe. Tourism and Community Empowerment: The Perspectives of Local People in Manicaland Province, Zimbabwe. Tourism Planning & Development 2021, 1 -19.
AMA StyleOwen Gohori, Peet van der Merwe. Tourism and Community Empowerment: The Perspectives of Local People in Manicaland Province, Zimbabwe. Tourism Planning & Development. 2021; ():1-19.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOwen Gohori; Peet van der Merwe. 2021. "Tourism and Community Empowerment: The Perspectives of Local People in Manicaland Province, Zimbabwe." Tourism Planning & Development , no. : 1-19.
Wildlife tourism has become a vital part of the tourism industry, especially in developing countries. However, due to its popularity, this form of tourism can attract quite a large number of visitors that can quickly exceed the social carrying capacity of a natural area (such as a national park), leading to poor visitor experiences, negative word-of-mouth and lower return rates. The purpose of this research was to determine whether one could lower the perceptions of overcrowding in a South African park by enhancing aspects that might lead to a memorable experience. Six memorable experience factors were found to lower the perceptions of overcrowding, whereas none of the memorable experience factors influenced perceptions of traffic and speeding in the Park. The findings can be used by park managers to create better experiences in parks in cases where it might not be feasible to restrict visitor numbers.
Marco Scholtz; Petrus Van Der Merwe. We Can Deal with the Extra Feet, but Not the Extra Speed: the Importance of Providing a Memorable Experience in a Crowded National Park. Tourism Planning & Development 2020, 1 -17.
AMA StyleMarco Scholtz, Petrus Van Der Merwe. We Can Deal with the Extra Feet, but Not the Extra Speed: the Importance of Providing a Memorable Experience in a Crowded National Park. Tourism Planning & Development. 2020; ():1-17.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarco Scholtz; Petrus Van Der Merwe. 2020. "We Can Deal with the Extra Feet, but Not the Extra Speed: the Importance of Providing a Memorable Experience in a Crowded National Park." Tourism Planning & Development , no. : 1-17.
This article examines the perceptions of local people concerning the potential of tourism to alleviate poverty and bring about community development in the Manicaland Province, Zimbabwe. In-depth interviews, direct observations, and informal conversations were used to collect data in the four districts of Manicaland where there were functional community-based tourism (CBT) projects. After establishing a poverty criterion, data were collected from 43 local poor people in the four districts of the case study area. The results show that tourism development in Manicaland brought about community development through social, economic, environmental and cultural benefits. The authors suggest that there are interrelationships between tourism, poverty alleviation and community development. They show these interrelationships through a tourism and community-development framework which they developed based upon the results of the various methods of data collection used in this study.
Owen Gohori; Peet Merwe. Towards a Tourism and Community-Development Framework: An African Perspective. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5305 .
AMA StyleOwen Gohori, Peet Merwe. Towards a Tourism and Community-Development Framework: An African Perspective. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (13):5305.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOwen Gohori; Peet Merwe. 2020. "Towards a Tourism and Community-Development Framework: An African Perspective." Sustainability 12, no. 13: 5305.
South African National Parks is one of South Africa’s main drawcards for ecotourists. One of these parks is the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park (KTP), which is also a World Heritage Site (WHS). Because tourism is key to national parks and WHSs, visitor management strategies such as interpretation are vital for these destinations to provide tourists with better experiences and knowledge. The aim of this research was therefore to determine the interpretation needs and preferences of visitors to KTP. The factor analyses revealed that tourists felt that park guidelines would add the most to a quality experience. Tourists preferred interpretation topics on nature and heritage and would like to receive in-depth information on these topics. Interpretation should also preferably be offered through audio and visual media. These findings impact the development of relevant interpretation services for the park, which will contribute towards visitors’ experiences. The research is original as it examined visitors’ interpretation needs and preferences on topics, the extent of information tourists would like to receive and the type of media through which information should be presented.Conservation implications: Designing relevant interpretation services based on tourists’ needs and preferences will contribute towards satisfactory experiences. In turn, this may lead to an increase in profits, which can support conservation practices. Effective interpretation messages can also foster additional support towards conservation efforts.
Petrus Van Der Merwe; Melville Saayman; Elricke Botha. Interpretation needs and preferences of visitors to Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park. Koedoe 2020, 62, 11 .
AMA StylePetrus Van Der Merwe, Melville Saayman, Elricke Botha. Interpretation needs and preferences of visitors to Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park. Koedoe. 2020; 62 (1):11.
Chicago/Turabian StylePetrus Van Der Merwe; Melville Saayman; Elricke Botha. 2020. "Interpretation needs and preferences of visitors to Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park." Koedoe 62, no. 1: 11.
This study briefly discusses the relatively young private wildlife industry of South Africa which surfaced in the late 1990s, early 2000s. The industry has unique conservation management models and land uses that include hunting, breeding and game sales and ecotourism and by-products as well as mixed farming practices that include stock and crop farming. The research found that breeding and game sales are the most productive land-use form. Since this research was conducted, the market for live game sales collapsed and the authors believe that other wildlife-related land uses, such as ecotourism and by-products, will gain popularity in the future to replace breeding which is now less favourable. Furthermore, it was also found that different farm sizes influence the land uses, and a combination of land uses was chosen to be incorporated on a private wildlife establishment. A qualitative research approach was followed, and 223 privately owned wildlife establishment owners and managers were interviewed at fourteen auctions across South Africa. This research also concludes that since most wildlife are found on private conservation land, this research is a must for the industry as it can guide private wildlife establishment owners and managers to manage their private wildlife establishments most productively. Since this research was conducted, the market for live game sales collapsed, and the results show that fewer wildlife establishments are now breeding with game. These game farmers or wildlife establishment owners are now looking for different options on their land. If they cannot find an alternative in the wildlife industry, they will divert to other farming activities such as cattle farming. This will lead to a decrease in land for wildlife, which can impact wildlife numbers in South Africa. The authors believe that land use such as ecotourism and by-products will gain popularity in the future to replace breeding. This research also shows where there are opportunities in the wildlife industry.
Woudi von Solms; Peet van der Merwe. Farm size and its impact on land use: The case of the South African private wildlife industry. Open Agriculture 2020, 5, 844 -856.
AMA StyleWoudi von Solms, Peet van der Merwe. Farm size and its impact on land use: The case of the South African private wildlife industry. Open Agriculture. 2020; 5 (1):844-856.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWoudi von Solms; Peet van der Merwe. 2020. "Farm size and its impact on land use: The case of the South African private wildlife industry." Open Agriculture 5, no. 1: 844-856.
Peet Van Der Merwe; Beatriz Soares Vitoriano Maia. Assessing conservation management practices within South Africa's private game reserves. Global Ecology and Conservation 2019, 20, e00695 .
AMA StylePeet Van Der Merwe, Beatriz Soares Vitoriano Maia. Assessing conservation management practices within South Africa's private game reserves. Global Ecology and Conservation. 2019; 20 ():e00695.
Chicago/Turabian StylePeet Van Der Merwe; Beatriz Soares Vitoriano Maia. 2019. "Assessing conservation management practices within South Africa's private game reserves." Global Ecology and Conservation 20, no. : e00695.
A park such as the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park in South Africa is mandated by the Protected Areas Act (57 of 2003) to offer visitor facilities to boost the visitor's experience and conserve the environment. It is against this background, as well as the recently awarded UNESCO World Heritage Site of the park, that it identified interpretation services as a suitable means to fulfil the mandate. However, in order to do so, it is necessary to establish the market's demands for interpretation services. The aim of this study was therefore to identify different markets for different interpretation needs at the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park. The cluster analysis revealed three markets and was profiled by means of cross tabulations of socio-demographic characteristics, travel motives to visit the park and interpretation preferences. The results suggest that park visitors differ in terms of interpretation preferences and therefore require different managerial and marketing approaches. The research contributes to visitor management in protected areas in the following way: First, the main motives for visitors to this park were identified, which will assist in the development of products and marketing of the park. Second, the most preferred forms, media, topics, and extent of information in interpretation were identified, which will assist management with interpretation development and management. Third, the study segmented visitors based on the aforementioned interpretation topics, providing product-specific information. Part of this was the new taxonomy for interpretation needs that was developed, namely I.C.E. (I – Interested, C – Committed, E – Engaged), which will segment the market to the park and reveal their interpretation preferences.
Petrus Van Der Merwe; Melville Saayman; Elricke Botha. Does visitors to Kgalagadi Transfrontier park have different interpretation needs? Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism 2019, 26, 43 -49.
AMA StylePetrus Van Der Merwe, Melville Saayman, Elricke Botha. Does visitors to Kgalagadi Transfrontier park have different interpretation needs? Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism. 2019; 26 ():43-49.
Chicago/Turabian StylePetrus Van Der Merwe; Melville Saayman; Elricke Botha. 2019. "Does visitors to Kgalagadi Transfrontier park have different interpretation needs?" Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism 26, no. : 43-49.
This research segments whale watchers in South Africa according to the factors regarded as important for a memorable experience by these natural event viewers. The segmentation gives an ACC-typology of viewers, namely abundant experience seekers, convenience experience seekers and comprehensive experience seekers. The results show that such segmentation is a useful research tool for producing a clear visitor profile, enabling us to provide strategic insights into managing the whale viewing experience, as well as similar natural events, according to the preferences of specific market segments. The findings, however, shows that the Hermanus Whale Festival has to revise the current management and marketing strategy to emphasise the natural phenomenon of the whale migration as the primary festival attraction and the ‘festivalscape’ elements surrounding entertainment as ancillary to the visitor experience. This management approach is recommended to these types of festivals that are organised around natural events, as it is vital that these events remain true to their initial objective of educating visitors about the natural phenomenon and the conservation thereof.
Martinette Kruger; Peet Van Der Merwe; Melville Saayman. A whale of a time! An experience-based typology of visitors to a South African whale-watching festival. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism 2018, 24, 35 -44.
AMA StyleMartinette Kruger, Peet Van Der Merwe, Melville Saayman. A whale of a time! An experience-based typology of visitors to a South African whale-watching festival. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism. 2018; 24 ():35-44.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMartinette Kruger; Peet Van Der Merwe; Melville Saayman. 2018. "A whale of a time! An experience-based typology of visitors to a South African whale-watching festival." Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism 24, no. : 35-44.
The aim of this research was to determine the economic impact of trophy hunting in the wildlife industry of South Africa. The link to the questionnaire was distributed electronically by the Professional Hunters Association of South Africa (PHASA) as well as by SCI (Safari Club International) to the 7600 hunters who engaged in hunting activities in South Africa during 2015/16 and 362 responses were recorded. The annual amount spend by trophy hunters in this country is US$250 million. Using multiplier analysis based on the Social Account Matrix (SAM) of South Africa, the research revealed that trophy hunting annually contributes more than US$341 million to the South African economy and that it supports more than 17 000 employment opportunities. The agricultural sector benefits the most, holding important implications for rural development and poverty alleviation in the country.
Melville Saayman; Petrus van der Merwe; Andrea Saayman. The economic impact of trophy hunting in the south African wildlife industry. Global Ecology and Conservation 2018, 16, e00510 .
AMA StyleMelville Saayman, Petrus van der Merwe, Andrea Saayman. The economic impact of trophy hunting in the south African wildlife industry. Global Ecology and Conservation. 2018; 16 ():e00510.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMelville Saayman; Petrus van der Merwe; Andrea Saayman. 2018. "The economic impact of trophy hunting in the south African wildlife industry." Global Ecology and Conservation 16, no. : e00510.
Currently, the majority of land used in South Africa for wildlife by the private sector has been converted from livestock farms to game farms and covers more land than state-owned provincial and national parks conservation areas combined. One animal that stands out above most wildlife regarding its popularity is the lion. From a private land owners’ point of view, lions are amongst the most sought after animals for photographic safaris and trophy hunting, leading to the increase of lion breeding and populations on private land to the point where the private sector is responsible for managing the largest portion of the lion population in South Africa. Therefore, the aim of this research is to determine the economic significance of lion breeding within the South African wildlife industry. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 21 breeders in South Africa. The results revealed that lion breeders contribute R500 million (US$ 42 million) annually to the South African economy. The contribution of this research is twofold. Firstly, it was the first time such research has been conducted amongst lion breeders, and secondly, it points to the economic significance of lion breeding regarding the amount spend by breeders as well as number of jobs maintained by this breeders. Key words: Consumptive and non-consumptive wildlife tourism, economic significance, ecotourism, lion breeding, wildlife tourism.
Van Der Merwe Peet; Saayman Melville; Els Jauntelle; Saayman Andrea; Peet Van Der Merwe; Melville Saayman; Jauntelle Els. The economic significance of lion breeding operations in the South African Wildlife Industry. International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation 2017, 9, 314 -322.
AMA StyleVan Der Merwe Peet, Saayman Melville, Els Jauntelle, Saayman Andrea, Peet Van Der Merwe, Melville Saayman, Jauntelle Els. The economic significance of lion breeding operations in the South African Wildlife Industry. International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation. 2017; 9 (11):314-322.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVan Der Merwe Peet; Saayman Melville; Els Jauntelle; Saayman Andrea; Peet Van Der Merwe; Melville Saayman; Jauntelle Els. 2017. "The economic significance of lion breeding operations in the South African Wildlife Industry." International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation 9, no. 11: 314-322.
Although the financial returns of game ranching in South Africa have been well documented, it is often implicitly assumed that the increased transition of lands to game ranching equates to net conservation gains in terms of habitat management and biodiversity conservation. As a first step towards testing this assumption, we conducted qualitative interviews with 28 game ranchers and 10 other key stakeholders in South Africa to investigate how ranchers manage habitat on their lands, and the degree to which they incorporate ecological advice into their land management activities. The purpose of this analysis was to elicit the range of views on how game ranching contributes to biodiversity conservation, rather than to measure the distribution of ranchers who engage in specific stewardship practices. We found that interviewed game ranchers engage in several stewardship practices that are consistent with sustainable use, namely: control of bush encroachment; removal of invasive, exotic plants; erosion control; the use of fire; and active management of game to maintain habitat quality. However, these land stewardship practices were not uniformly adopted by interviewed ranchers, and were not always based on ecological advice. Although our results cannot be expanded to the larger game ranching community in South Africa, they do suggest that game ranchers would benefit from active extension services that provide guidance on biologically sustainable land management practices, which would reinforce the long-term financial and ecological viability of game ranches.
Elizabeth F. Pienaar; Elena C. Rubino; Melville Saayman; Petrus van der Merwe. Attaining sustainable use on private game ranching lands in South Africa. Land Use Policy 2017, 65, 176 -185.
AMA StyleElizabeth F. Pienaar, Elena C. Rubino, Melville Saayman, Petrus van der Merwe. Attaining sustainable use on private game ranching lands in South Africa. Land Use Policy. 2017; 65 ():176-185.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElizabeth F. Pienaar; Elena C. Rubino; Melville Saayman; Petrus van der Merwe. 2017. "Attaining sustainable use on private game ranching lands in South Africa." Land Use Policy 65, no. : 176-185.
The purpose of this research is to determine ecotourists’ needs and preferences concerning national parks in South Africa. A survey was conducted at the Tsitsikamma National Park, focusing on fixed-roof accommodation, camping and ecolodges. Results showed that the preferences for each aspect are unique and that setting remains paramount when it comes to fixed-roof accommodation. The research also confirmed that a variety of accommodation types, including provision for self-catering, is preferred by ecotourists. This research makes a valuable contribution to the managing of accommodation in South African National Parks.
M. Saayman; P. Van der Merwe. Identifying ecotourists’ accommodation needs and preferences? South African Journal of Business Management 2017, 48, 67 -76.
AMA StyleM. Saayman, P. Van der Merwe. Identifying ecotourists’ accommodation needs and preferences? South African Journal of Business Management. 2017; 48 (1):67-76.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Saayman; P. Van der Merwe. 2017. "Identifying ecotourists’ accommodation needs and preferences?" South African Journal of Business Management 48, no. 1: 67-76.
Orientation: Mapungubwe National Park and World Heritage Site (MNP) is a unique national park in South Africa in that it includes a World Heritage Site of significant importance for the people of southern Africa. MNP is a relatively new national park with low visitor numbers and occupancy rates, which threaten the sustainable management of the park.Research purpose: This study aimed to develop a general visitor profile and to describe the motivational factors for visiting the park in order to support the development of tourism at MNP.Motivation of the study: A tourism management plan is required for the park; however, any planning associated planning requires an assessment of tourist behaviour and needs.Research design, approach and method: An online questionnaire was distributed to a database of visitors to MNP during March−April 2013. A total of 486 responses were received. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics through frequencies and means. Motivator constructs were analysed through a factor analysis.Main findings: The study both confirmed and contradicted previous findings from other national parks in terms of visitor profiles and motivations. Most crucially, this study identified a new motivational factor for visiting national parks, which advances the need to manage the heritage aspect of world heritage sites distinctly from national parks.Managerial implications: The results indicated that visitors to MNP were older and better educated compared to visitors at other national parks. These visitors included predominantly first-time visitors. In addition these visitors are mainly motivated by the need for a nature experience, although the park is not a Big 5 reserve, findings also identified heritage and education as a unique motivational factor for this park.Contribution added: The study promotes the requirement of a unique park-specific tourism management strategy for MNP as the market base of this park is demographically distinct. In addition, the park should improve the promotion of its status as a World Heritage asset in relation to its natural attributes in order to attract greater numbers of heritage tourists. Although the park features exceptional natural features, the reserve is not a Big 5 reserve and this may result in dissatisfaction with the major group of visitors seeking a nature experience.
Uwe P. Hermann; Peet Van Der Merwe; Willem Coetzee; Melville Saayman. A visitor motivational typology at Mapungubwe National Park and World Heritage Site. Acta Commercii 2016, 16, 1 .
AMA StyleUwe P. Hermann, Peet Van Der Merwe, Willem Coetzee, Melville Saayman. A visitor motivational typology at Mapungubwe National Park and World Heritage Site. Acta Commercii. 2016; 16 (1):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleUwe P. Hermann; Peet Van Der Merwe; Willem Coetzee; Melville Saayman. 2016. "A visitor motivational typology at Mapungubwe National Park and World Heritage Site." Acta Commercii 16, no. 1: 1.
Serena Lucrezi; Melville Saayman; Petrus van der Merwe. An assessment tool for sandy beaches: A case study for integrating beach description, human dimension, and economic factors to identify priority management issues. Ocean & Coastal Management 2016, 121, 1 -22.
AMA StyleSerena Lucrezi, Melville Saayman, Petrus van der Merwe. An assessment tool for sandy beaches: A case study for integrating beach description, human dimension, and economic factors to identify priority management issues. Ocean & Coastal Management. 2016; 121 ():1-22.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSerena Lucrezi; Melville Saayman; Petrus van der Merwe. 2016. "An assessment tool for sandy beaches: A case study for integrating beach description, human dimension, and economic factors to identify priority management issues." Ocean & Coastal Management 121, no. : 1-22.
Serena Lucrezi; Petrus van der Merwe. Beachgoers' Awareness and Evaluation of the Blue Flag Award in South Africa. Journal of Coastal Research 2015, 315, 1129 -1140.
AMA StyleSerena Lucrezi, Petrus van der Merwe. Beachgoers' Awareness and Evaluation of the Blue Flag Award in South Africa. Journal of Coastal Research. 2015; 315 ():1129-1140.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSerena Lucrezi; Petrus van der Merwe. 2015. "Beachgoers' Awareness and Evaluation of the Blue Flag Award in South Africa." Journal of Coastal Research 315, no. : 1129-1140.
Serena Lucrezi; Melville Saayman; Peet Van der Merwe. Managing beaches and beachgoers: Lessons from and for the Blue Flag award. Tourism Management 2015, 48, 211 -230.
AMA StyleSerena Lucrezi, Melville Saayman, Peet Van der Merwe. Managing beaches and beachgoers: Lessons from and for the Blue Flag award. Tourism Management. 2015; 48 ():211-230.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSerena Lucrezi; Melville Saayman; Peet Van der Merwe. 2015. "Managing beaches and beachgoers: Lessons from and for the Blue Flag award." Tourism Management 48, no. : 211-230.
The core of South Africa tourism industry is based on wildlife tourism. Private game reserves and game farms which forms part of wildlife tourism constitute most of the wildlife products in South Africa. On these private reserves and game farms, hunting is one of the major income generators for product owners. The aim of this study is to analyse the economic impact of hunting on the regional economies of three of South Africa’s most important hunting provinces. The study used economic multipliers, input-output analysis, and related modelling processes through input-output (supply-use) tables and social accounting matrices (SAM). The results differed significantly for the three provinces, with Limpopo receiving the biggest impact (R2.6 billion) and the Free State having the highest multiplier (2.08). The geographical location of the game farms, the number of farms per province and the species available all influenced the magnitude of the economic impact of hunters over and above the traditional determinants of economic impact analysis. The implication of the research is that it will help product owners in the development of game farms or hunting products, contribute to policy formulation, especially for government decisions on what products to offer where, and how to create more jobs.
Petrus Van Der Merwe; Melville Saayman; Riaan Rossouw. The economic impact of hunting: A regional approach. South African Journal of Economic and management Sciences 2014, 17, 379 -395.
AMA StylePetrus Van Der Merwe, Melville Saayman, Riaan Rossouw. The economic impact of hunting: A regional approach. South African Journal of Economic and management Sciences. 2014; 17 (4):379-395.
Chicago/Turabian StylePetrus Van Der Merwe; Melville Saayman; Riaan Rossouw. 2014. "The economic impact of hunting: A regional approach." South African Journal of Economic and management Sciences 17, no. 4: 379-395.
Coastal dunes are increasingly at risk due to pressures deriving from global climate change, sea level rise, recreation and development. The consequences of the “coastal squeeze” in which dunes are placed, such as erosion and the loss of critical ecosystem services, are usually followed by expensive restoration and protection measures, many of which are unsuccessful. Due to the poor understanding and acknowledgement of the key attributes of coastal dunes in decision making processes, it is essential to provide scientific data on the impacts of human interference on coastal dunes so as to inform executives and guide them towards a sustainable management of the coastal zone. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of five different levels of infrastructure development on the vegetation community structure of coastal dunes in Jeffreys Bay, South Africa. The effects of infrastructure development on dune vegetation were quantified by measuring the richness, diversity, cover, height and composition of plant species. With an increase in infrastructure development a significant decrease in dune width, average species richness and height of the plants occurred, accompanied by a shift in plant community composition. The foredunes that were backed immediately by infrastructure presented significantly greater species richness, diversity, cover and height compared with the foredunes abutted by primary dunes. This study demonstrated that coastal dunes are environments which are sensitive to varying levels of human impact. Informed and comprehensive management planning of these environments is therefore imperative for the restoration and maintenance of remnant dunes and for the conservation of undeveloped coastal dunes.
Serena Lucrezi; Melville Saayman; Peet Van Der Merwe. Influence of infrastructure development on the vegetation community structure of coastal dunes: Jeffreys Bay, South Africa. Journal of Coastal Conservation 2014, 18, 1 .
AMA StyleSerena Lucrezi, Melville Saayman, Peet Van Der Merwe. Influence of infrastructure development on the vegetation community structure of coastal dunes: Jeffreys Bay, South Africa. Journal of Coastal Conservation. 2014; 18 (3):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSerena Lucrezi; Melville Saayman; Peet Van Der Merwe. 2014. "Influence of infrastructure development on the vegetation community structure of coastal dunes: Jeffreys Bay, South Africa." Journal of Coastal Conservation 18, no. 3: 1.