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Landscape is increasingly characterized by a multifaced nature. In scientific literature and landscape governance, new landscape definitions are often coined to explain new meanings and to define specific intervention strategies and tools. The present study purposes a framework for the identification of hybrid landscapes as support for land-use planners, which aim to guarantee development opportunities as well as natural heritage preservation and valorization. “Marginal lands” were identified starting from EU Directives and scientific approaches, by means of multicriteria analysis. Different scenarios were built: (1) no-change; (2) energy crops; (3) green infrastructures. An ecosystem services approach, via landscape metrics analysis, was used to compare the possible effects of scenarios. About 20% of the study area, an internal area of the southern Apennines, was identified as suitable for land-use change in a medium-short time, and scenarios of land-use changes show a better condition, in terms of fragmentation, than as a current asset. Results showed the strategic role and potentialities of marginal lands, as a trade-off between nature conservation and development issues, suggesting new opportunities for green infrastructures and a renewable energies chain. The study allowed for deepening the close connection among landscape planning approaches, land use change scenarios building and environmental assessment, focused on the ex-ante evaluation stage.
Elena Cervelli; Ester Scotto Di Perta; Stefania Pindozzi. Identification of Marginal Landscapes as Support for Sustainable Development: GIS-Based Analysis and Landscape Metrics Assessment in Southern Italy Areas. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5400 .
AMA StyleElena Cervelli, Ester Scotto Di Perta, Stefania Pindozzi. Identification of Marginal Landscapes as Support for Sustainable Development: GIS-Based Analysis and Landscape Metrics Assessment in Southern Italy Areas. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (13):5400.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElena Cervelli; Ester Scotto Di Perta; Stefania Pindozzi. 2020. "Identification of Marginal Landscapes as Support for Sustainable Development: GIS-Based Analysis and Landscape Metrics Assessment in Southern Italy Areas." Sustainability 12, no. 13: 5400.
The storage of livestock manure is responsible for ammonia emissions into the atmosphere. Different natural covers could be used during animal manure storage, but the mitigation effect is influenced by the manure characteristics due to the housing or treatment systems. Starting from cattle and buffalo manure, the objectives of this study were (i) to assess the effect of anaerobic digestion (AD) and solid–liquid separation (SLS) on ammonia emissions during storage as well as natural crust development and (ii) to investigate the reduction in ammonia emissions by using a layer of straw to cover the stored animal manure. Storage conditions were simulated in a small-scale application in a climate-controlled room. Results showed that the higher organic matter content of cow raw slurry facilitated the surface crust formation starting from the first days of storage. AD with SLS increased ammonia emissions (48.5%) due to the increase of the ammoniacal nitrogen content. On the other hand, animal manure covered with a layer of straw showed a 7.3% reduction of ammonia emissions. This study suggests that treatments and covering strategies must be calibrated to different manure types to enhance the mitigation effect.
Ester Scotto Di Perta; Antonio Mautone; Marco Oliva; Elena Cervelli; Stefania Pindozzi. Influence of Treatments and Covers on NH3 Emissions from Dairy Cow and Buffalo Manure Storage. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2986 .
AMA StyleEster Scotto Di Perta, Antonio Mautone, Marco Oliva, Elena Cervelli, Stefania Pindozzi. Influence of Treatments and Covers on NH3 Emissions from Dairy Cow and Buffalo Manure Storage. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (7):2986.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEster Scotto Di Perta; Antonio Mautone; Marco Oliva; Elena Cervelli; Stefania Pindozzi. 2020. "Influence of Treatments and Covers on NH3 Emissions from Dairy Cow and Buffalo Manure Storage." Sustainability 12, no. 7: 2986.
Starting from the identification of marginal areas, this work presents a possible physical–mathematical approach as a support to landscape planning, based on the pragmatic determination of the predictable environmental effects connected to land use changes (LUC) and related to objective and quantitative ecological indicators for environmental impact assessment. “Fringe areas”, which are more suitable to change in a medium-short time frame, were determined through a spatial multicriteria decision analysis (S-MCDA) process. Three land use changes scenarios were identified and analysed, namely: the current situation, energy crop cultivation in marginal lands, and the possible abandonment of lands such as these. Energy crop cultivation in marginal lands is widely considered to be a useful opportunity for farmers, against the progressive risk of under-utilization or abandonment; nevertheless, the large areas needed can cause important environmental side-effects. In order to assess the possible variations in environmental components in the ex-ante planning phase, scenarios were assessed in terms of habitat and biodiversity ecosystems services (using both monetary and indexes approach), focusing also on possible environmental fragmentation analysis by means of landscape metrics, which are simple measures used to deepen landscape configuration and structure. The S-MCDA process allowed about 10% of the study area with less favourable environmental conditions to be defined, where land use change is desirable in a medium-short time frame. For the energy crops scenario, the ecosystem services (ESs) approach highlights positive repercussions in terms of habitat quality and biodiversity value. Similar trends are highlighted by different ESs assessment methods adopted (monetary and indexes), confirming themselves. Also, landscape pattern analysis confirmed positive habitat connectivity trends: the delineation of fringe areas has preserved, in energy crops scenario, natural and semi-natural classes, reducing the risk of disturbance with respect to the biodiversity and habitat. This condition assumes that adopted S-MCDA method can contribute positively and significantly to the definition of LUC scenarios and land management. In conclusion, marginal lands can become an opportunity to improve socio-economic conditions and to enhance land image, while respecting the environment. LUC scenarios building, and their assessment by means of ecological indicators become a dynamic and structured tool in the land use planning /management process to support decision maker choices and to re-calibrate interventions, with the aim of contributing to sustainable policies of land management (ecological corridors, compensation and / or mitigation measures, etc.), emphasizing land sustainable management benefits (such as climate change adaptation or disaster risk reduction).
Elena Cervelli; Ester Scotto di Perta; Stefania Pindozzi. Energy crops in marginal areas: Scenario-based assessment through ecosystem services, as support to sustainable development. Ecological Indicators 2020, 113, 106180 .
AMA StyleElena Cervelli, Ester Scotto di Perta, Stefania Pindozzi. Energy crops in marginal areas: Scenario-based assessment through ecosystem services, as support to sustainable development. Ecological Indicators. 2020; 113 ():106180.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElena Cervelli; Ester Scotto di Perta; Stefania Pindozzi. 2020. "Energy crops in marginal areas: Scenario-based assessment through ecosystem services, as support to sustainable development." Ecological Indicators 113, no. : 106180.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the capability of hybrid poplar (Populus deltoides × Populus nigra) to reduce cadmium (Cd) concentrations in an experimental site of Campania Region (southern Italy) subjected to illegal deposit of industrial and household waste. We propose to evaluate the efficiency of poplar for Cd phytoextraction by coupling the use of a process-based, distributed hydrological model (HydroGeoSphere, HGS) with photogrammetric images acquired by Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). This scenario-based approach exploits in-situ measurements so as to be able to reproduce reliable near-real-world processes. The original bare soil (BS; unplanted reference location) is used as benchmark and compared to the situation where poplar trees are planted (PP) for bioremediation purposes. The ‘virtual’ positions of poplars were chosen by considering the expected Cd accumulation areas that are correlated to topographic indices retrieved from the high-resolution (0.03 × 0.03 m) digital elevation model (DEM) generated by UAV photogrammetric photos. Transfer and accumulation of Cd in the poplars were described by a time-variant sink term featuring the HGS transport equation. The numerical simulations show that poplar trees are able to reduce Cd concentrations by 15%, 36%, and 64% in spring, summer, and autumn, respectively. Coupling an advanced 3D hydrological model with a high-resolution DEM generated by UAV-photogrammetry seems a promising and viable approach for assessing the efficiency of phytoremediation techniques.
Alessandra Capolupo; Paolo Nasta; Mario Palladino; Elena Cervelli; Lorenzo Boccia; Nunzio Romano. Assessing the ability of hybrid poplar for in-situ phytoextraction of cadmium by using UAV-photogrammetry and 3D flow simulator. International Journal of Remote Sensing 2018, 39, 5175 -5194.
AMA StyleAlessandra Capolupo, Paolo Nasta, Mario Palladino, Elena Cervelli, Lorenzo Boccia, Nunzio Romano. Assessing the ability of hybrid poplar for in-situ phytoextraction of cadmium by using UAV-photogrammetry and 3D flow simulator. International Journal of Remote Sensing. 2018; 39 (15-16):5175-5194.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlessandra Capolupo; Paolo Nasta; Mario Palladino; Elena Cervelli; Lorenzo Boccia; Nunzio Romano. 2018. "Assessing the ability of hybrid poplar for in-situ phytoextraction of cadmium by using UAV-photogrammetry and 3D flow simulator." International Journal of Remote Sensing 39, no. 15-16: 5175-5194.
The long-standing awareness of the environmental impact of land-use change (LUC) has led scientific community to develop tools able to predict their amount and to evaluate their effect on environment, with the aim supporting policy makers in their planning activities. This paper proposes an implementation of the Dyna-CLUE (Dynamic Conversion of Land Use and its Effects) model applied to the Litorale Domizio-Agro Aversano, an area of Campania region, which needs interventions for environmental remediation. Future land use changes were simulated in two different scenarios developed under alternative strategies of land management: scenario 1 is a simple projection of the recent LUC trend, while scenario 2 hypothesises the introduction of no-food crops, such as poplar (Populus nigra L.) and giant reed (Arundo donax L.), in addition to a less impactful urban sprawl, which is one of the main issues in the study area. The overall duration of simulations was 13 years, subdivided into yearly time steps. CORINE land cover map of 2006 was used as baseline for land use change detection in the study area. Competition between different land use types is taken into account by setting the conversion elasticity, a parameter ranging from 0 to 1, according to their capital investment level. Location suitability for each land use type is based on logit model. Since no actual land use already exists for the alternative crops investigated in scenario 2, a suitability map realised through a spatial multicriteria decision analysis was used as a proxy for its land use pattern. The comparison of the land use in 2012 and scenario 1, evaluated through the application of Kappa statistics, showed a general tendency to expansion of built-up areas, with an increase of about 2400 ha (1.5% of the total surface), at the expense of agricultural land and those covered by natural vegetation. The comparison of the land use in 2012 and scenario 2 showed a less significant spread of built-up areas, affecting approximately 750 ha (0.5% of the total surface). Moreover, the introduction of alternative crops on about 10,000 ha, that is 6.8% of the total surface, would result in a significant decrease of arable land and a lower decrease of permanent crops, respectively equal to 6800 ha and 2900 ha. This work highlighted the importance and the potential of predicting land-use change models as valid tools supporting decisions, especially in those regions needing interventions aimed to environmental remediation, as in the case study examined in this paper.
Stefania Pindozzi; Elena Cervelli; Pier Francesco Recchi; Alessandra Capolupo; Lorenzo Boccia. Predicting land use change on a broad area: Dyna-CLUE model application to the Litorale Domizio-Agro Aversano (Campania, South Italy). Journal of Agricultural Engineering 2017, 48, 27 .
AMA StyleStefania Pindozzi, Elena Cervelli, Pier Francesco Recchi, Alessandra Capolupo, Lorenzo Boccia. Predicting land use change on a broad area: Dyna-CLUE model application to the Litorale Domizio-Agro Aversano (Campania, South Italy). Journal of Agricultural Engineering. 2017; 48 (1):27.
Chicago/Turabian StyleStefania Pindozzi; Elena Cervelli; Pier Francesco Recchi; Alessandra Capolupo; Lorenzo Boccia. 2017. "Predicting land use change on a broad area: Dyna-CLUE model application to the Litorale Domizio-Agro Aversano (Campania, South Italy)." Journal of Agricultural Engineering 48, no. 1: 27.
This paper deals with the environmental characterization of a large and densely populated area, with a poor reputation for contamination, considering the contribution of environmental features (air, soil, soil hydraulic and groundwater) and the potential effects on human health. The use of Geographic Information System (GIS) has made possible a georeferenced inventory and, by overlaying environmental information, an operational synthesis of comprehensive environmental conditions. The cumulative effects on environmental features were evaluated, taking into account superposition effects, by means of the Spatial MultiCriteria Decision Analysis (S-MCDA). The application of the S-MCDA for converging the combination of heterogeneous factors, related to soil, land and water, deeply studied by heterogeneous groups of experts, constitutes the novelty of the paper. The results confirmed an overall higher potential of exposure to contaminants in the environment and higher mortality rates in the study area for some tumours, but hospital admissions for tumours were generally similar to the regional trend. Besides, mortality data may be strictly dependent on the poor socioeconomic conditions, quality of therapy and a lack of welfare in the area relative to the rest of Italy. Finally, as regards the possible relationship between presence of contaminants in the environment and health conditions of the population no definite conclusions can be drawn, although the present study encourages the use of the new proposed methods, that increase the possibilities for studying the combined effect of more environmental factors.
Daniela Ducci; Stefano Albanese; Lorenzo Boccia; Egidio Celentano; Elena Cervelli; Alfonso Corniello; Anna Crispo; Benedetto De Vivo; Paolo Iodice; Carmela Langella; Annamaria Lima; Maurizio Manno; Mario Palladino; Stefania Pindozzi; Marina Rigillo; Nunzio Romano; Mariangela Sellerino; Adolfo Senatore; Giuseppe Speranza; Nunzio Fiorentino; Massimo Fagnano. An Integrated Approach for the Environmental Characterization of a Wide Potentially Contaminated Area in Southern Italy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2017, 14, 693 .
AMA StyleDaniela Ducci, Stefano Albanese, Lorenzo Boccia, Egidio Celentano, Elena Cervelli, Alfonso Corniello, Anna Crispo, Benedetto De Vivo, Paolo Iodice, Carmela Langella, Annamaria Lima, Maurizio Manno, Mario Palladino, Stefania Pindozzi, Marina Rigillo, Nunzio Romano, Mariangela Sellerino, Adolfo Senatore, Giuseppe Speranza, Nunzio Fiorentino, Massimo Fagnano. An Integrated Approach for the Environmental Characterization of a Wide Potentially Contaminated Area in Southern Italy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017; 14 (7):693.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniela Ducci; Stefano Albanese; Lorenzo Boccia; Egidio Celentano; Elena Cervelli; Alfonso Corniello; Anna Crispo; Benedetto De Vivo; Paolo Iodice; Carmela Langella; Annamaria Lima; Maurizio Manno; Mario Palladino; Stefania Pindozzi; Marina Rigillo; Nunzio Romano; Mariangela Sellerino; Adolfo Senatore; Giuseppe Speranza; Nunzio Fiorentino; Massimo Fagnano. 2017. "An Integrated Approach for the Environmental Characterization of a Wide Potentially Contaminated Area in Southern Italy." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 7: 693.
Biodiversity and landscape management are recognized as crucial pillars of EU policies and strategies in order to ensure the integration of environmental issues with socio-economic needs at the base of human-made changes, in structural and functional terms. Midterm EU’s Biodiversity Strategy (Feb 2th 2016) highlights the importance of biodiversity protection in Europe, not only in terms of ethical behavior but also due to its intrinsic value of the biodiversity loss, estimated in EUR 50 billion a year. The study is framed into the LIFE/ENV/IT/275 Ecoremed Project, aimed to development of eco-compatible remediation protocols for polluted soils in the area of Litorale Domitio Flegreo – Agro Aversano (declared Regional Interest Priority Site).\ud \ud The paper is aimed at defining potential land use change scenarios, by which positive biodiversity impacts could be provided. It entails 2 steps: definition of three LUC scenarios, through a multi-criteria approach; LUC scenarios assessment, through Ecosystem Services and through wildlife impact assessment. The study works on a physical-mathematical model, by which the multi-criteria evaluation for scenarios construction and the quantitative assessments have been integrated. The procedure allowed to identify the most LUC suitable areas and, then, the potential conflict areas between LUC scenarios and target species presence areas, with the specific identification of wildlife species more impacted, in order to calibrate mitigation interventions and strategies, through specific forms/interventions. Our evidence demonstrates an excellent land response to the LUC-LIFE protocols in terms of Ecosystem Services, while highlights the need to consider more targeted strategies with respect to wildlife impacts
Elena Cervelli; Stefania Pindozzi; Massimo Sacchi; Alessandra Capolupo; Donatella Cialdea; Marina Rigillo; Lorenzo Boccia. Supporting land use change assessment through Ecosystem Services and Wildlife Indexes. Land Use Policy 2017, 65, 249 -265.
AMA StyleElena Cervelli, Stefania Pindozzi, Massimo Sacchi, Alessandra Capolupo, Donatella Cialdea, Marina Rigillo, Lorenzo Boccia. Supporting land use change assessment through Ecosystem Services and Wildlife Indexes. Land Use Policy. 2017; 65 ():249-265.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElena Cervelli; Stefania Pindozzi; Massimo Sacchi; Alessandra Capolupo; Donatella Cialdea; Marina Rigillo; Lorenzo Boccia. 2017. "Supporting land use change assessment through Ecosystem Services and Wildlife Indexes." Land Use Policy 65, no. : 249-265.
Contaminated areas represent a crucial concern in contemporary planning all over the world. The absence of shared value for such areas leads to abandonment and soil sealing specially if such areas have lost their agricultural potential. The European Project LIFE/ENV/IT/275 Ecoremed has implemented a protocol for the bioremediation of contaminated soils in Campania region. The cultivation of no food crops (Poplar and Giant reed) is proposed as buffer crops waiting for the characterization of the areas. This facilitates the uptake of the mineral contaminants and the biodegradation of organic compounds reducing the risk for leaching and the run off of harmful contaminants that would occur on bare soils. The study discusses a new approach to land use change (LUC) assessment based on environmental and socio-economic factors, evaluated through GIS tool and decision support software (ArcGIS/ILWIS). Literature data have been used to assess the current value of the ecosystem services (ES) provided by such crops (€/ha/year) and the benefits that people obtained from ecosystems. Three scenarios have sorted out and compared through multicriteria analysis. Moving from the deep knowledge of the environmental condition of the territory the study shows the alternative ES values of the land use change starting from no-change scenario to energy crops (Poplar and Giant reed), to abandonment. Results show that is possible to asses an increase of the ES value, both in case of a private and public action, also referring to the opportunities for farmers income in the short and medium-long period.
Elena Cervelli; Stefania Pindozzi; Alessandra Capolupo; Collins Okello; Marina Rigillo; Lorenzo Boccia. Ecosystem services and bioremediation of polluted areas. Ecological Engineering 2016, 87, 139 -149.
AMA StyleElena Cervelli, Stefania Pindozzi, Alessandra Capolupo, Collins Okello, Marina Rigillo, Lorenzo Boccia. Ecosystem services and bioremediation of polluted areas. Ecological Engineering. 2016; 87 ():139-149.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElena Cervelli; Stefania Pindozzi; Alessandra Capolupo; Collins Okello; Marina Rigillo; Lorenzo Boccia. 2016. "Ecosystem services and bioremediation of polluted areas." Ecological Engineering 87, no. : 139-149.
Historical maps are effective sources of geographical information and useful for historical and territorial research. In this study, the examination of landscape dynamics on the basis of historical maps over a period of more than 200 years was conducted. The study area is Sorrento peninsula and part of the near Sarno river basin in South Italy. This study provides a general framework for the assessment of the overall quality and accuracy of historical maps. The application of the methodology used in this specific case study can contribute to a better understanding of the dynamics of the landscape in the long term. The derived knowledge can be applied in the planning of the landscape in order to implement correct conservation strategies. The comparison was made on four maps 1817, 1875, 1960, and 2006. Geodetic accuracy of the sheet maps of 1817 and 1875 offer a right basis for a macro analysis of land cover dynamics, evaluating conversion from one land cover category to another. Main transformation, identified in the period between 1875 and 1960, was the disappearance of vineyards, which covered 25% of the total study area in 1875. Agricultural areas increased in this period to cover 57% of the total area
Stefania Pindozzi; Elena Cervelli; Alessandra Capolupo; Collins Okello; Lorenzo Boccia. Using historical maps to analyze two hundred years of land cover changes: case study of Sorrento peninsula (south Italy). Cartography and Geographic Information Science 2015, 43, 250 -265.
AMA StyleStefania Pindozzi, Elena Cervelli, Alessandra Capolupo, Collins Okello, Lorenzo Boccia. Using historical maps to analyze two hundred years of land cover changes: case study of Sorrento peninsula (south Italy). Cartography and Geographic Information Science. 2015; 43 (3):250-265.
Chicago/Turabian StyleStefania Pindozzi; Elena Cervelli; Alessandra Capolupo; Collins Okello; Lorenzo Boccia. 2015. "Using historical maps to analyze two hundred years of land cover changes: case study of Sorrento peninsula (south Italy)." Cartography and Geographic Information Science 43, no. 3: 250-265.
Campania region is undergoing a new and important land use change (LUC). Large areas under tobacco are experiencing a severe economic crisis and cereal areas, especially in the hill, are cultivated with increasing difficulty, with poor economic results (yield value of 2.5 t/ha/year) and under the risk of erosion. No-food crops suitable in these contexts are the perennial and in this case, the land use change would certainly lead to a positive impact on reducing erosion, but also on the reduction of nutrient requirement, on fuel consumption and perhaps it would also lead to an increase in profitability. The aim of this work is to identify the areas in which the land use change could be realistic and ecologically compatible and to evaluate the main consequence of the LUC. The study area includes the entire Campania region. It has been assumed that the areas that will undergo the LUC will be the hilly, not-irrigated cereal crop, with altitudes between 400 and 750 m a.s.l., not included in natural parks, in the Site of Community Importance and in the Special Protection Areas. Through the climate model, inferred from the Ground Water Protection Plan, the area to be examined was classified as ‘cold Lauretum’, which is a good area for the Arundo donax crops up to 750 m a.l.s., with recoverable biomass yield of about 12.6 t/year. The erosion has been estimated with RUSLE applied to the whole region. Using the ESRI ArcGis 10.0 software, seven large areas, partially convertible, were identified. The area that is realistic to convert amounted to approximately 500 km2. The value of the biomass production has been evaluated in the order of 25 million euro a year; actual wheat production would be 33 million euro a year but the production costs are far greater. With LUC there is a reduction in soil erosion in the order of 300000 t/year. This would lead a saving, on global scale, in the order of 10 million tonnes of CO2 per year.
Stefania Pindozzi; Salvatore Faugno; Elena Cervelli; Alessandra Capolupo; Maura Sannino; Lorenzo Boccia. Consequence of land use changes into energy crops in Campania region. Journal of Agricultural Engineering 2013, 44, 1 .
AMA StyleStefania Pindozzi, Salvatore Faugno, Elena Cervelli, Alessandra Capolupo, Maura Sannino, Lorenzo Boccia. Consequence of land use changes into energy crops in Campania region. Journal of Agricultural Engineering. 2013; 44 (2):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleStefania Pindozzi; Salvatore Faugno; Elena Cervelli; Alessandra Capolupo; Maura Sannino; Lorenzo Boccia. 2013. "Consequence of land use changes into energy crops in Campania region." Journal of Agricultural Engineering 44, no. 2: 1.
Campania region is undergoing a new and important land use change (LUC). Large areas under tobacco are experiencing a severe economic crisis and cereal areas, especially in the hill, are cultivated with increasing difficulty, with poor economic results (yield value of 2.5 t/ha/year) and under the risk of erosion. No-food crops suitable in these contexts are the perennial and in this case, the land use change would certainly lead to a positive impact on reducing erosion, but also on the reduction of nutrient requirement, on fuel consumption and perhaps it would also lead to an increase in profitability. The aim of this work is to identify the areas in which the land use change could be realistic and ecologically compatible and to evaluate the main consequence of the LUC. The study area includes the entire Campania region. It has been assumed that the areas that will undergo the LUC will be the hilly, not-irrigated cereal crop, with altitudes between 400 and 750 m a.s.l., not included in natural parks, in the Site of Community Importance and in the Special Protection Areas. Through the climate model, inferred from the Ground Water Protection Plan, the area to be examined was classified as ‘cold Lauretum’, which is a good area for the Arundo donax crops up to 750 m a.l.s., with recoverable biomass yield of about 12.6 t/year. The erosion has been estimated with RUSLE applied to the whole region. Using the ESRI ArcGis 10.0 software, seven large areas, partially convertible, were identified. The area that is realistic to convert amounted to approximately 500 km2. The value of the biomass production has been evaluated in the order of 25 million euro a year; actual wheat production would be 33 million euro a year but the production costs are far greater. With LUC there is a reduction in soil erosion in the order of 300000 t/year. This would lead a saving, on global scale, in the order of 10 million tonnes of CO2 per year.
Stefania Pindozzi; Salvatore Faugno; Elena Cervelli; Alessandra Capolupo; Maura Sannino; Lorenzo Boccia. Consequence of land use changes into energy crops in Campania region. Journal of Agricultural Engineering 2013, 44, 1 .
AMA StyleStefania Pindozzi, Salvatore Faugno, Elena Cervelli, Alessandra Capolupo, Maura Sannino, Lorenzo Boccia. Consequence of land use changes into energy crops in Campania region. Journal of Agricultural Engineering. 2013; 44 (2):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleStefania Pindozzi; Salvatore Faugno; Elena Cervelli; Alessandra Capolupo; Maura Sannino; Lorenzo Boccia. 2013. "Consequence of land use changes into energy crops in Campania region." Journal of Agricultural Engineering 44, no. 2: 1.