This study seeks to find the appropriate strategies necessary to make sustainable and effective hydrogen energy investments. Within this scope, nine different criteria are defined regarding social, managerial, and financial factors. A hesitant, interval-valued, intuitionistic fuzzy (IVIF) decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) methodology is considered to calculate the degree of importance of the criteria. Additionally, impact relation maps are also generated to visualize the causality relationship between the factors. The findings indicate that the technical dimension has the greatest importance in comparison to managerial and financial factors. Furthermore, it is also concluded that storage and logistics, research and development, and technological infrastructure are the most significant factors to be considered when defining hydrogen energy investment strategies. Hence, before investing in hydrogen energy, necessary actions should be taken to minimize the storage and logistic costs. Among them, building the production site close to the usage area will contribute significantly to this purpose. In this way, possible losses during the transportation of hydrogen can be minimized. Moreover, it is essential to identify the lowest-cost hydrogen storage method by carrying out the necessary research and development activities, thereby increasing the sustainability and effectiveness of hydrogen energy investment projects.

This study aims to understand the negative impacts of carbon emission on the foreign direct investments. For this purpose, a comparative analysis is performed for both E7 and G7 countries. In the analysis process, Pedroni panel cointegration (PPC), Kao panel cointegration (KPC), and Dumitrescu Hurlin panel causality (DHPC) analyses are taken into consideration. The findings indicate that carbon emission has a negative influence on foreign direct investments for both country groups. Nonetheless, this relationship is stronger for G7 economies. It is also identified that there is no causality relationship between these variables. It is recommended that the countries should generate appropriate policies to minimize carbon emission problem. Within this context, new tax can be implemented for the companies that lead to high carbon emission. Additionally, governments can give incentives to the projects that aim to decrease carbon emission. In this scope, decreasing tax ratio and providing a technical support can be given as examples.

Renewable energy sources are clean energy sources that meet the energy needs in a sustainable way. Therefore, it is necessary to invest in renewable energy sources. However, there are some difficulties in renewable energy investments. It has problems such as high initial installation cost, underdeveloped technological infrastructure, and insufficient financial support. Several financial products are being developed in order to overcome the mentioned difficulties. In this context, the purpose of this study is to explain the role of green sukuk in the financing of renewable energy investments. Depending on this purpose, the study has been examined with a literature review. The production of renewable energy sources can be encouraged with green sukuk. However, green sukuk is an advantage for Islamic companies that want to realize environmental projects. On the other hand, it offers the opportunity to the environmentally friendly Islamic investors to evaluate their savings.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the risks encountered in the international trade process. E7 economies are included in the study. For this purpose, six criteria that should be taken into consideration are determined by considering similar studies in the literature. In the analysis process of the study, AHP method is used to identify which type of risk encountered in the international trade process is more important. In this process, opinions are received from three different experts on the subject. It is concluded that the exchange rate risk is the most important in this process. In addition to this situation, political risk and payment risk are other important factors for this situation. On the other side, it is also determined that documentary risk and carriage risk have lower role in comparison with others. Accordingly, it is essential for companies to take the necessary measures. In this context, it is possible to decrease the exchange rate volatility by using financial derivative products.