Seong KM, et al. J Korean Med Sci. 2016 Feb;31(Suppl 1):S10-S23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2016.31.S1.S10

Inhibition of Lyn is a promising treatment for mantle cell lymphoma with bortezomib resistance

Radiation-induced multiorgan dysfunction is thought to result primarily from damage to the endothelial system, leading to a systemic inflammatory response that is mediated by the recruitment of leukocytes. The Eph–ephrin signaling pathway in the vascular system participates in various disease developmental processes, including cancer and inflammation. In this study, we demonstrate that radiation exposure increased intestinal inflammation via endothelial dysfunction, caused by the radiation-induced activation of EphA2, an Eph receptor tyrosine kinase, and its ligand ephrinA1. Barrier dysfunction in endothelial and epithelial cells was aggravated by vascular endothelial–cadherin disruption and leukocyte adhesion in radiation-induced inflammation both in vitro and in vivo. Among all Eph receptors and their ligands, EphA2 and ephrinA1 were required for barrier destabilization and leukocyte adhesion. Knockdown of EphA2 in endothelial cells reduced radiation-induced endothelial dysfunction. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of EphA2–ephrinA1 by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor dasatinib attenuated the loss of vascular integrity and leukocyte adhesion in vitro. Mice administered dasatinib exhibited resistance to radiation injury characterized by reduced barrier leakage and decreased leukocyte infiltration into the intestine. Taken together, these data suggest that dasatinib therapy represents a potential approach for the protection of radiation-mediated intestinal damage by targeting the EphA2–ephrinA1 complex.

Background: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a valuable tool for evaluating lymphadenopathy. The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability and effectiveness of FNAC in the diagnosis of lymphadenopathy. Methods: Cytological characteristics were evaluated in 432 patients who underwent lymph node FNAC and follow-up biopsy at the Korea Cancer Center Hospital from January 2015 to December 2019. Results: Fifteen (3.5%) of the four hundred and thirty-two patients were diagnosed as inadequate by FNAC, with five (33.3%) of these diagnosed as metastatic carcinoma on histological examination. Of the 432 patients, 155 (35.9%) were diagnosed as benign by FNAC, with seven (4.5%) of these diagnosed histologically as metastatic carcinoma. A review of the FNAC slides, however, showed no evidence of cancer cells, suggesting that the negative results may have been due to FNAC sampling errors. An additional five samples regarded as benign on FNAC were diagnosed as non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) by histological examination. Of the 432 patients, 223 (51.6%) were cytologically diagnosed as malignant, with 20 (9.0%) of these diagnosed as tissue insufficient for diagnosis (TIFD) or benign on histological examination. A review of the FNAC slides of these 20 patients, however, showed that 17 (85.0%) were positive for malignant cells. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive values (NPV), and accuracy of FNAC were 97.8%, 97.5%, 98.7%, 96.0%, and 97.7%, respectively. Conclusions: Preoperative FNAC was safe, practical, and effective in the early diagnosis of lymphadenopathy. This method, however, had limitations in some diagnoses, suggesting that additional attempts may be required according to the clinical situation.

Expert’s risk evaluation of radiation exposure strongly influences the public’s risk perception. Experts can inform laypersons of significant radiation information including health knowledge based on experimental data. However, some experts’ radiation risk perception is often based on non-conclusive scientific evidence (i.e., radiation levels below 100 millisievert), which is currently under debate. Examining perception levels among experts is important for communication with the public since these individual’s opinions have often exacerbated the public’s confusion. We conducted a survey of Korean radiation researchers to investigate their perceptions of the risks associated with radiation exposure below 100 millisievert. A linear regression analysis revealed that having ≥ 11 years’ research experience was a critical factor associated with radiation risk perception, which was inversely correlated with each other. Increased opportunities to understand radiation effects at < 100 millisievert could alter the public’s risk perception of radiation exposure. In addition, radiation researchers conceived that more scientific evidence reducing the uncertainty for radiation effects < 100 millisievert is necessary for successful public communication. We concluded that sustained education addressing scientific findings is a critical attribute that will affect the risk perception of radiation exposure.