Aim: Recently, more attention has been paid to the role of nutritional intervention in preventing the side effects of chemotherapy in oncology patients. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of oral nutritional supplements on the body composition and biochemical parameters in women with breast cancer receiving postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. Patients and Methods: The study involved women diagnosed with breast cancer who underwent surgical treatment and were qualified for chemotherapy (doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide). Women were divided into two groups, depending on whether oral nutritional supplements were used during chemotherapy. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were analyzed twice in all patients: before and after six weeks of chemotherapy. Propensity score (PS) matching was performed to select patients balanced in terms of age, BMI, and clinicopathological features of the tumor. Statistical comparisons were conducted in a propensity-matched cohort of patients. Results: The value of BMI was maintained constant in the supplemented women older than 56 years after six weeks of chemotherapy. Regardless of age in the supplemented women, a significant increase in muscle mass, fat free mass (FFM), and fat free mass index (FFMI) was demonstrated. An increase in fat mass (FM) including visceral fat was observed only in the non-supplemented control. Regardless of age or initial FM, supplemented women exhibited a constant level of albumin. Moreover, in the supplemented women with normal initial FM, the stable values of triglycerides and HDL cholesterol were maintained after six weeks of chemotherapy. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that oral nutritional supplements could improve body composition and prevent hypoalbuminemia and lipid abnormalities in women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy.

The COVID-19 pandemic and its consequences, including social isolation, movement restrictions and work instability have altered many people’s nutritional behaviors and daily lifestyle. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on selected eating habits, physical activity and daily lifestyle changes of Polish adults (n = 145). The self-designed and anonymous questionnaire was available online from the 1 May 2021 to the 15 May 2021. In general, 60% of respondents declared that the COVID-19 pandemic did not affect their dietary habits, whereas 26% of surveyed individuals answered in the affirmative. The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on changing dietary habits was differentiated by age (Pearson’s χ² = 12.604; p = 0.0134). The number of meals consumed by respondents per day differed across gender groups (Pearson’s χ² = 9.653; df = 4; p = 0.0466). An increase in body weight during the COVID-19 pandemic was reported by 43% of women and 7.6% of surveyed men. Additionally, hybrid working women declared most often an increase in body mass independent of age, education level and living place. Moreover, the majority of respondents who reported the effect of the pandemic on changing dietary habits also declared more frequent sweets consumption. The study revealed that respondents who stated more frequent sweets consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic were more likely associated with an increase in body mass (OR = 6.75, 95% CI, 6.75–91.25). No increase in the consumption of vitamin D, C and Mg supplements and pickled products was found.

Background: Chemotherapy may cause systemic inflammation. Therefore, reliable markers monitoring inflammation during cancer treatment are intensively investigated. In our study, we analyzed the concentration of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and selected oxidative stress markers, such as malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase activity (GPx), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), in breast cancer women before and during adjuvant chemotherapy. Materials and methods: The study included 90 women with breast cancer stratified according to clinicopathological and anthropometric features. Blood samples were taken before and after two cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy. Results: During adjuvant chemotherapy, a significant increase in hs-CRP concentration was noticed in the entire group of patients with breast cancer. After division into appropriate groups, a twofold increase in hs-CRP concentration was particularly observed in patients not expressing steroid hormone receptors and those without metastases in regional lymph nodes. A significant rise in hs-CRP was observed in patients with smaller tumor sizes (2 cm ≤) and with a lower stage of disease [I–IIA according to the tumor–node–metastasis (TNM) classification]. Adjuvant chemotherapy resulted in a significant decrease in GPx activity, especially in patients diagnosed with larger (> 2 cm) and more advanced tumors (IIB–IIIC according to the TNM classification), without metastasis in regional lymph nodes, and without HER-2 expression. A significant decrease in glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity during adjuvant chemotherapy was also observed in patients with abnormal body mass index (BMI) and body fat content. TAC and MDA values remained unchanged in the entire group of patients and individual subgroups during adjuvant chemotherapy. Conclusion: Our study showed that adjuvant chemotherapy causes systemic inflammation, manifested by increased hs-CRP and altered markers of oxidative stress in the blood of breast cancer patients. The severity of inflammatory processes during adjuvant chemotherapy may depend on specific characteristics of breast cancer and body composition. Keywords: breast cancer adjuvant chemotherapy inflammation high sensitivity C-reactive protein oxidative stress total antioxidant capacity glutathione peroxidase malondialdehyde

Adipocytokines and markers of oxidative stress have been shown to exhibit potential for detection of advanced stage, HER2/neu status and lymph node metastases in patients with breast cancer, as well as in determining the efficiency of anti‑cancer treatments. In the present study, blood concentrations of apelin (APLN), retinol‑binding protein 4 (RBP4), 8‑hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8‑oxo‑dG) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in women with breast cancer with different clinicopathological features were measured prior to and following adjuvant chemotherapy. The study included 60 women with breast cancer stratified according to tumor grade and size, HER‑2/neu expression, and lymph node and hormone receptor status. Blood samples were taken before and after two cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy. None of the clinicopathological features were associated with the baseline concentrations of RBP4, 8‑oxo‑dG or TAC. An increased baseline concentration of APLN was observed in HER‑2/neu positive patients. Moreover, through multivariate logistical regression analysis, APLN was shown to be independently associated with a positive HER/neu status. Chemotherapy treatment did not affect the levels of RBP4 or APLN, or TAC values when assessing all the patients, and when assessing the stratified groups of patients. Only 8‑oxo‑dG was found to be significantly decreased following drug administration (P=0.0009). This preliminary study demonstrated that APLN is a significant and independent predictor of HER‑2/neu positive breast cancer. A significant reduction in 8‑oxo‑dG levels following chemotherapy may indicate its potential clinical utility in monitoring the effects of chemotherapy in breast cancer patients.

Background/Objectives: Breast cancer survivors often experience adverse body composition changes and reduced quality of life (QoL) after chemotherapy. This study aimed to assess changes in body composition in postoperative breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and to examine their associations with physical activity and QoL. Methods: This longitudinal observational pilot study included two repeated assessments (after surgery and before the third chemotherapy cycle – six weeks period). Sixty women (mean age 57 ± 10 years) who had undergone breast cancer surgery and were scheduled for chemotherapy were assessed twice: after surgery and prior to the third chemotherapy cycle. Body composition was analyzed using anthropometric and bioelectrical impedance methods. Physical activity was evaluated with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire–Long Form (IPAQ-L), while QoL was measured with the World Health Organization Quality of Life–bref version (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire as well. Results: During chemotherapy, participants showed significant increases in body weight (p = 0.001), BMI (p = 0.001), and muscle mass (p = 0.001), with stable fat percentage. Physical activity levels improved overall, particularly in moderate activity (p = 0.001), while sedentary time decreased (p = 0.020). QoL remained generally stable, with significant improvement in the environmental domain (p = 0.028). Higher fat percentage correlated negatively with physical (p = 0.040) and social (p = 0.049) QoL, while BMI correlated inversely with psychological well-being (p = 0.020). Waist-to-hip ratio was also negatively associated with psychological QoL (p = 0.017). Conclusions: Vigorous activity showed an association with more favorable body composition, whereas sedentary behavior correlated with higher BMI and muscle mass.