There is concern that egg intake may increase blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, we have previously shown that eggs reduce inflammation in patients at risk for T2DM, including obese subjects and those with metabolic syndrome. Thus, we hypothesized that egg intake would not alter plasma glucose in T2DM patients when compared to oatmeal intake. Our primary endpoints for this clinical intervention were plasma glucose and the inflammatory markers tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin 6 (IL-6). As secondary endpoints, we evaluated additional parameters of glucose metabolism, dyslipidemias, oxidative stress and inflammation. Twenty-nine subjects, 35–65 years with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values <9% were recruited and randomly allocated to consume isocaloric breakfasts containing either one egg/day or 40 g of oatmeal with 472 mL of lactose-free milk/day for five weeks. Following a three-week washout period, subjects were assigned to the alternate breakfast. At the end of each period, we measured all primary and secondary endpoints. Subjects completed four-day dietary recalls and one exercise questionnaire for each breakfast period. There were no significant differences in plasma glucose, our primary endpoint, plasma lipids, lipoprotein size or subfraction concentrations, insulin, HbA1c, apolipoprotein B, oxidized LDL or C-reactive protein. However, after adjusting for gender, age and body mass index, aspartate amino-transferase (AST) (p < 0.05) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (p < 0.01), one of our primary endpoints were significantly reduced during the egg period. These results suggest that compared to an oatmeal-based breakfast, eggs do not have any detrimental effects on lipoprotein or glucose metabolism in T2DM. In contrast, eggs reduce AST and TNF-α in this population characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation.

Trans fatty acids (TFA) are stable to oxidative rancidity which allows them to have a long shelf-life: also they have an intermediate melting point between saturated and unsaturated fats. For these reasons they have been widely used by the food industry. However, in recent years a large number of epidemiological and clinical evidence has indicated that trans fats are a significant risk factor to suffer a cardiovascular event and appear to be involved in the process of inflammation, diabetes and cancer. The increase of 2% of the daily energy by TFA is associated with a 23% increase cardiovascular risk. Therefore, international organizations like WHO and PAHO recommend virtually eliminate them or make their consumption as low as possible, less than 1%. Considering this recommendation and the risk involved in its consumption, some countries in Europe and America have legislated to achieve a gradual reduction of these fats. Denmark is a country that has shown a reduced prevalence of cardiovascular disease by reducing sources of trans fats in the diet. Despite the evidence of their impact on health in many countries still do not take any action and significant amounts of TFA remain in their foods and therefore in the diet of its population.

In this work, previously synthesized and characterized core-shell silica nanoparticles (FCSNP) functionalized with immobilized molecular bait, Cibacron blue, and a porous polymeric bis-acrylamide shell were incubated with pooled urine samples from adult women or men with normal weight, overweight or obesity for the isolation of potential biomarkers. A total of 30 individuals (15 woman and 15 men) were included. FCSNP allowed the capture of a variety of low molecular weight (LMW) proteins as evidenced by mass spectrometry (MS) and the exclusion of high molecular weight (HMW) proteins (>34 kDa) as demonstrated by SDS-PAGE and 2D SDS-PAGE. A total of 36 proteins were successfully identified by MS and homology database searching against the Homo sapiens subset of the Swiss-Prot database. Identified proteins were grouped into different clusters according to their abundance patterns. Four proteins were found only in women and five only in men, whereas 27 proteins were in urine from both genders with different abundance patterns. Based on these results, this new approach represents an alternative tool for isolation and identification of urinary biomarkers.

Objective: To perform an exploratory analysis of possible alterations in clinical markers of cardiovascular risk and type 2 diabetes in preschoolers living in urban and suburban areas of the municipality of Hermosillo, Sonora, Northwest Mexico. Methods: An observational and cross-sectional study was carried out on children from urban and suburban areas. Their weight, height, waist circumference, body fat percentage, and blood pressure were measured, and their lipid profile, glucose, and insulin concentrations were evaluated. Results: Eighty-two children with an average age of five were included in the study; 48 from the conurbation and 34 from the urban area. We found that malnutrition, overweight, and high body fat percentage (27 ± 0.52) coexist. In the suburban area, there was a higher percentage of children with pre-hypertension and alterations in lipids: elevated triglycerides (35%) and low HDL-c (25%) (p < 0.01). In the urban area, there was a higher percentage of children with altered glucose (12%), elevated insulin concentrations, and insulin resistance. Conclusion: The findings of this study show that cardiovascular risk factors and type 2 diabetes are prevalent in children aged three to six living in urban and conurbation areas of Hermosillo, Sonora.

OBJETIVO: Hacer un análisis exploratorio de las posibles alteraciones en los marcadores clínicos de riesgo cardiovascular y diabetes tipo 2 en preescolares habitantes de la zona urbana y conurbada del municipio de Hermosillo, Sonora, al Noroeste de México.MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional y transversal efectuado en niños de las zonas urbana y conurbada. Se midieron: peso, talla, circunferencia de cintura, porcentaje de grasa corporal y presión arterial. Se evaluaron el perfil de lípidos y las concentraciones de glucosa e insulina.RESULTADOS: Se estudiaron 82 niños de edad promedio de 5.0 años; 48 de la zona conurbada y 34 de la urbana. Se encontró la coexistencia de problemas de desnutrición, sobrepeso y porcentaje de grasa corporal elevado (27% ± 0.52). En la zona conurbada hubo mayor porcentaje de niños con alteraciones en los lípidos: triglicéridos elevados (35%); HDL-c bajo (25%), (p < 0.01), y pre-hipertensión arterial, mientras que en la zona urbana hubo mayor porcentaje de niños con glucosa alterada (12%) y concentraciones elevadas de insulina y resistencia a ésta.CONCLUSIONES: Los hallazgos de este estudio muestran que los factores de riesgo cardiovascular y de diabetes tipo 2 prevalecen en niños de 3 a 6 años habitantes de las zonas urbana y conurbada de Hermosillo, Sonora.