A growing interest in soybean cultivation in Poland has been observed in the recent years, however it faces a lot of difficulties resulting from a poorly understood effectiveness of plant nitrogen fertilization and from the introduction of Bradyrhizobium japonicum to the environment. The aim of the study was to evaluate the consistency of response of two soybean cultivars to three different rates of mineral N fertilization and two seed inoculation treatments with B. japonicum in field conditions over four years regardless of previous B. japonicum presence in the soil. A highly-diversified-over-years rainfall and temperature in the growing season do not allow for a definite statement of the differences resulting from seed inoculation and mineral N fertilization applied separately or jointly in soybean. A high sensitivity of the nodulation process to rainfall deficits was noted, which resulted in a decreased amount of B. japonicum DNA measured in qPCR and dry matter of nodules. ‘Annushka’ demonstrated a higher yield of seeds and protein, higher plants and the 1st pod setting. ‘Aldana’, due to a significant decrease in plant density, produced a higher number of pods, seeds per pod and the 1000 seed weight per plant. Both cultivars responded with an increase in the seed yield after seed inoculation with HiStick, also with an application of 30 and 60 kg N, as well as with Nitragina with 60 kg N.

Effect of planting density and row spacing on the yielding of soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) | Janusz Prusiński, Radosław Nowicki | Agricultural Journals

Several protocols of DNA extraction from the soil with commercial kits and CTAB based method were tested to develop relatively easy procedure of reliable molecular detection of B. japonicum introduced with coated soybean seeds. Method of DNA extraction clearly influences the quality and quantity of DNA and thus directly affects the results of PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) and qPCR (quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction) assays and the possibility of bacteria identification. Obtaining reliable results in PCR does not guarantee the same results in qPCR with SYBR Green. The use of DNA extraction commercial kits and successful DNA extraction may in some cases lead to inability to detect bacteria, although it is present in the sample. To avoid such problems, the extraction methods should be selected and, if necessary, modified individually for different soil samples. In this study, DNA extraction with Genomic MINI AX Soil Spin showed to be the most appropriate method for obtaining reliable results in both PCR and real-time PCR. However, for real-time PCR, strong dilution of DNA and the addition of reagents that relieve inhibition of amplification were necessary.

The aim of the research was to evaluate the effect of three different methods of soil cultivation for the forecrop on the yield and protein content in winter triticale grain depending on the amount of mineral nitrogen used. The yield of winter triticale grain depended the most on the distribution and sum of rainfall and on the doses of mineral N. A significant impact of the increasing total amount of rain and the distribution of precipitation in the years and months of the research on most of the studied features of triticale was found. The average triticale grain yield and protein content were significantly higher when soybean forecrop was grown using the reduced and strip-till method than after traditional plow cultivation. N doses from 60 to 180 kg ha–1 had the highest, but, on average, insignificantly differentiated impact on the yielding of triticale in the years of the study. N fertilization did not differentiate the number of spike-bearing stalks or the weight of 1000 grains. The triticale yield and protein content increased significantly up to the dose of 120 kg N ha–1.

Przedmiotem badań była ocena plonowania 14 zagranicznych odmian grochu siewnego wysiewanych w 3 terminach jesiennych i terminie wiosennym, w którym wysiewano krajową odmianę Batuta. Ścisłe dwuczynnikowe doświadczenia polowe przeprowadzono w 3 sezonach wegetacyjnych (2017/2018, 2018/2019 i 2019/2020). Określano wiosenną obsadę roślin, plon nasion, zawartość i plon białka w nasionach oraz indeks powierzchni liściowej (LAI). W pierwszym i drugim terminie siewu w 2017 r. nie przezimowały żadne odmiany, a w terminie trzecim – tylko 5 odmian. Z powodu suszy wiosną 2018 r. średni plon nasion wszystkich odmian zagranicznych wynosił zaledwie 1,63 t‧ha–1. W sezonie 2018/2019 dzięki korzystniejszym warunkom termicznym nie przezimowało tylko 6 odmian z pierwszego terminu i 2 odmiany z drugiego terminu siewu. Jednak w 2019 r. zanotowano skrajnie niekorzystne warunki wilgotnościowe, dlatego średni plon nasion z tych terminów wynosił zaledwie 1,90 t‧ha–1. Wszystkie badane odmiany przezimowały jedynie w korzystnym sezonie 2019/2020 i ich średni plon nasion z badanych terminów wynosił 3,52 t‧ha–1, a najwyższy plon uzyskano w trzecim jesiennym terminie siewu.