The development of powered electronic technology has made many aware of the design and control of ship power systems (SPSs), and has made medium voltage DC (MVDC) architecture the main research direction in the future. The negative impedance characteristic of constant power load (CPL) generated by the coupling of powered electronic converters will seriously affect the stability of the systems if these converters are not properly controlled. The conventional linear control method can only guarantee the small-signal stability of the system near its equilibrium point. When the operating point changes in a large range, linear control methods will be ineffective. More importantly, research for the large-signal stability of the multi-converter system with CPLs is still rarely involved. In this paper, a sliding-mode-based duty ratio controller (SMDC) is proposed for voltage regulation and current sharing of the multiple parallelly-connected DC–DC converters system loaded by CPLs. By controlling the output voltage of each converter with SMDC, large-signal stability of the coupled bus voltage is ensured. Meanwhile, proportional current sharing between the parallel converters is achieved by droop control integrated in the reference value of converter voltage. Simulation studies were conducted in MATLAB/Simulink, where two typical operating conditions, including the variation of load power and bus voltage, were designed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Moreover, a traditional PID controller was used as a comparison to reflect the superiority of the former. Simulation results showed that the proposed method is able to guarantee large-signal stability of the system in the presence of large-scale variations in load power and bus voltage. The output current of the parallel converters can also be distributed in desired proportions according to the droop coefficient.