Biopolymer-based composition with adding of conductive polymer poly-(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT PSS) was made by mixing of iota-carrageenan (CRG), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and PEDOT PSS followed by freezing/thawing cycles. The method is environmentally friendly and based on the formation of polymer matrix upon of mixing CRG, PVA and PEDOT PSS and formation of porous physical gel due to freezing/thawing cycles. It is necessary to mention that all components are well-known as biocompatible materials. The resulting material is stable in water and also has swelling capability both in distilled water and physiological solutions. Structure of material was characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, optical and electron microscopy. Electrophysical investigations also were performed. The conductivity of the gel immersed in distilled water is comparable with the dry gel value and close to 0.01 [S/cm].

There are a number of significant changes taking place in modern city development and most of them are based on the number of recent technological progress. This paper provides a review and analysis of recent approaches of biotechnology that can find a place in today’s cities and discusses how those technologies can be integrated into a city’s Internet of Things (IoT). Firstly, several biotechnologies that focus on rain gardens, urban vertical farming systems, and city photobioreactors are discussed in the context of their integration in a city’s IoT. The next possible application of biofuel cells to the sensor network’s energy supply is discussed. It is shown that such devices can influence the low-power sensor network structure as an additional energy source for transmitters. This paper shows the possibility of bioelectrochemical biosensor applications, discusses self-powered biosensors, and shows that such a system can be widely applied to rainwater monitoring in rain gardens and green streets. Significant attention is paid to recent approaches in synthetic biology. Both cell-based biosensors and bioactuators with synthetic genetic circuits are discussed. The development of cell-based biosensors can significantly enhance the sensing possibilities of a city’s IoT. We show the possible ways to develop cyber-physical systems (CPSs) with the systems mentioned above. Aspects of data handling for the discussed biotechnologies and the methods of intelligent systems, including those that are machine learning-based, applied to the IoT in a city are presented.

This paper discussed the several ways how synthetic biology can help to move bio objects into IoT conception by expansion of biosensors using. Applications of synthetic biology methods for enhancing of control systems in industrial biotechnology are described. It is shown that cells as object that capable to provide logic processing via genetic logic circuits can enhance sensors networks and gives possibility to provide information related with intracellular processes for IoT systems. Some possible applications for industrial IoT and Smart City are discussed and shown that synthetic biology approaches can be very useful for biosensors development.

Today, a significant part of the world’s population lives in urban agglomerations. A high building density, a large number of vehicles, and industrial enterprises negatively affect both the air quality in the city itself and the climate in general, releasing a significant amount of carbon dioxide. In this regard, there is a need not only to revise the structure of urban developments and strategies for their greening, but also to propose new technologies that radically change the ecological situation. In this paper, solutions using phototrophic microorganisms are considered as such a technology. It is shown that photobioreactors for their cultivation can be successfully integrated into urban systems, while in addition to air purification, the problem of surface wastewater treatment for their further use can also be solved. A wide range of products obtained from the biomass of phototrophic microorganisms significantly increases the economic attractiveness of this approach. Modern technologies in the field of the Internet of Things make it possible to successfully integrate photobioreactors into the urban digital environment.

A prototype for an electrokinetic generator is proposed. This device is based on polyvinyl alcohol, xanthan and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrene-sulfonate hydrogel. This type of electricity generation for implantable devices has been proved to be promising. The surface properties of the hydrogel in question and its volume are studied. The mechanism of conductance gradient formation in the hydrogel under the action of an electrostatic field is demonstrated and described.