The development of the Xiong’an New Area is a crucial strategy for the next millennium in China. The ecosystem upstream of the Xiong’an New Area, serving for the development of the Xiong’an New Area, changed with land use changes. To analyze the contribution rate of the land use change to the ecosystem service value, we analyzed the land use changes of three small watersheds (7318.56 km²) upstream of the Xiong’an New Area based on a total of six phases of land use data from 1980 to 2015. Then, the ecosystem service value (ESV) was calculated using the equivalent factor method. The results showed that the construction land and arable land were the largest land use types that increased and decreased in the area of the study area, respectively. The grassland and construction land were the land use types with the largest transfer-out area and transfer-in area, respectively. The regulating services accounted for the largest proportion of total ESV among different ecosystem service functions, and the grassland and woodland accounted for the largest proportion of total ESV among different land use types. ESV in the study area fluctuated slightly from 1980 to 2015. The decrease of ESV mainly occurred in the surrounding areas of mountain towns, and the conversion of cultivated land to construction land was the main reason for the decrease of ESV in this area. The conversion of grassland to construction land had the largest contribution rate to the decrease of ESV in the study area, while the conversion of grassland to waters had the largest contribution rate to the increase of ESV. In conclusion, controlling the development of construction land and strengthening water resources’ protection may improve the ecosystem service value in the upstream Xiong’an New Area in the future.

Provisioning services are essential components of ecosystem services. Food production is usually a driver of land use change, which has the effect on altering the provisioning services of ecosystems. As one of the main areas of food production in China, the provisioning services of the Songhua River Basin (SHRB) should be taken seriously. In view of this, it is urgent to carry out a study on the assessment of provisioning services in the SHRB to provide data support and scientific reference for the optimization of the spatial pattern of land use in the basin, the sustainable development of agriculture, and the formulation of differentiated protection policies. In this study, based on the equivalent factor method for the unit area value and spatial autocorrelation with the Moran’s I, we assessed the provisioning services values (PSV) of the SHRB every ten years during the period of 2000–2020 under different land use types and analyzed the relationships between different PSV and the production of four different food types, including rice, wheat, corn, and soja. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) From 2000 to 2020, the area of paddy fields in the SHRB increased and then decreased, while the area of dry lands continued to increase. The land use transfer matrix showed a significant expansion of paddy fields (+0.55 × 10⁴ km²), shrinkage of grassland (−0.72 × 10⁴ km²), and loss of water body (−0.43 × 10⁴ km²) in the SHRB from 2000 to 2020; (2) The PSV in the SHRB showed an increasing trend from 2000 to 2020, growing by 16.73 × 10¹⁰ RMB, with the growth in 2010–2020 being greater than in 2000–2010. The order of increase in each type of PSV was: water supply > food supply > raw material supply; (3) Spatially, the increase in PSV per unit and total PSV in the SHRB was lesser in the center and greater in the east and west. Meanwhile, the spatial distribution of various PSV showed that the value of unit area food supply was higher in the central and eastern plains, while the raw material supply and water supply were higher in the western and eastern hilly areas. (4) In terms of spatial correlation, the distribution of soja production with the total PSV, food supply, raw materials supply, and water supply services values were positively spatially correlated. However, the production of rice, wheat, and corn with the total PSV, food supply, and raw materials supply services values were negatively spatially correlated. Cluster analysis revealed that changing the crop cultivation structure could protect the ecosystem and increase the value of ecosystem services.