Aging contributes to functional decline and heightened psychological distress that affects the older adults’ quality of life. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the 10-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10) for assessing psychological distress, however the Classical Test Theory (CTT)-based evaluation method has limitations. Item Response Theory (IRT), specifically the Rasch model, offers a more accurate method for measuring the instrument’ validity and reliability. This study examined the construct validity of the K-10 Indonesian version in older adults with disabilities. A cross-sectional method and secondary data from 321 elderly individuals (≥60 years) with disabilities in Bandung City, Indonesia, were used between August and February 2025. The Instrument’s construct validity of was analyzed by performing the Rasch model. A total of 315 responses were eligible for analysis. The K-10 showed an overall fit to the Rasch model (mean outfit MnSq = 1.03±0.27). Item C10 (“feel worthless”) was identified as misfitting (outfit MnSq >1.4; ZSTD >2), although no factor bias was detected. The explained variance reached 54.10%. Reliability indicators were strong, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.89 and a person separation index above 2. However, category functioning and targeting did not fully meet Rasch expectations. The correlation between K-10 and WHODAS 2.0 showed a moderate positive relationship, though it did not reach the criterion for convergent validity (r >0.6). The Indonesian version of the K-10 has acceptable construct validity in a sample of older adults with disabilities in Bandung City, Indonesia.

Adding to their relatively high number, people with disabilities in Indonesia also face various challenges. Given such high prevalence, cadres have an important role in promoting disability inclusion. It is crucial to measure the level of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of these cadres regarding disability inclusion, for example, by using an instrument. To test the validity and reliability of such an instrument, statistical analysis methods like the Rasch Model Analysis are applicable due to their advantages. This study evaluates the construct validity of the Hilfi & Kaylia Disability Inclusiveness Perception instrument among health cadres. The study used a cross-sectional design using secondary data from the Disability Inclusion Capacity instrument administered to 709 cadres residing in Bandung City, Indonesia, from July to December 2024. Construct validity was analyzed using the Rasch model. Data from 626 participants who met the criteria showed that the average outfit mean-square (MnSq) for the 25-item version of the instrument met Rasch model expectations (0.92). However, item J1 was identified as a misfitting item (outfit MnSq > 1.4 and outfit Z-standard (ZSTD) > 2) across all three versions of the instrument. The explained variance was found to be 44.1%. Reliability and separation index results were excellent, with Cronbach’s alpha at 0.96 and separation index above 2. However, category response functioning and targeting did not fully meet Rasch model expectations. Nonetheless, it can be concluded that the Hilfi & Kaylia Disability Inclusiveness Perception Instrument has acceptable construct validity with the sample of health cadres in Bandung City, Indonesia.

The study aimed to compare air pollution levels in Jakarta, Indonesia before, during, and after the implementation of COVID-19-related restrictions on residents' activities. Data on air quality indicators such as PM2.5, PM10, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide were collected and analyzed. The findings revealed significant variations in air pollution levels in response to the restrictions. Before the restrictions, air pollution levels were notably higher, attributed to increased industrial and vehicular activities. During the restrictions, there was a substantial decline in air pollution levels as a result of reduced human activities and transportation. After the restrictions were eased, air pollution levels began to rise again, albeit not reaching the same high levels as before. The study provides valuable insights into the impact of human activities on air quality and emphasizes the potential benefits of implementing policies to reduce air pollution. The findings contribute to the understanding of the environmental consequences of societal changes during the COVID-19 pandemic and have implications for future urban planning and air quality management in Jakarta.

People with disabilities risk facing obstacles in participating in and benefiting from development. Indonesia is committed to supporting people with disabilities, one of which is through services and rehabilitation provided by cadres. Unfortunately, there is currently no regulation governing compensation for cadres that puts them at risk of psychological distress and burnout. This research intends to analyze the association of different socioeconomic characteristics with psychological distress and burnout and the association between the two conditions in cadres providing services in Bandung City. Through a secondary cross-sectional research, 648 cadres’ data were obtained. The data included were socioeconomic characteristics, psychological distress (Kessler-10), and burnout (The Burnout Measure Short Version). This article discovered a significant negative correlation between age (ρ = -0.097; p = 0.014) and seniority (ρ = -0.134; p < 0.001) toward psychological distress and a significant positive correlation between psychological distress and burnout (ρ = 0.505; p < 0.001). These findings highlight the importance of considering age and seniority to support cadres' mental health and ensure a sustainable recruitment and regeneration strategy.