Eleven compounds, including nine known flavonoid glycosides (1–4, 6–8, and 10–11), one isoflavone glycoside (5), and a glansreginic acid (9), were isolated from the 80% ethanol extract of commercial Astragali Complanati Semen (ACS). All chemical structures were determined by spectroscopic analyses, including 1D and 2D NMR. Compounds 2, 4, 5, 6, 9, and 10 were isolated and identified from the title plant for the first time. Biological evaluation revealed that all the isolates showed promising anti-NO production, and 1, 2, 3, and 8 were more potent in antioxidant activity than vitamin E. The major peaks in the UPLC and HPLC profiles identified their chemical structures by comparing their retention time and UV spectra with those of the reference substances. Furthermore, nine of the eleven samples collected from North, Middle, and South regions of Taiwan possessed similar HPLC fingerprints and were identified as Astragali Complanati Semen, whereas the other two samples from southern Taiwan would be the adulterants due to the different fingerprinting patterns. In addition, an HPLC-UV method was employed to determine the content of target compound complanatuside (11) with good linear regression (R² = 0.9998) for ACS in the Taiwanese market. Of the isolates, flavonol glycosides 1 and 3 were the major peaks in HPLC/UPLC, and showed more potent antioxidant and anti-NO production activities than that of 11, revealing that these compounds can be the available agents for the quality control of ACS.

Purpose To evaluate the accuracy of current intraocular lens (IOL) formulas and identify factors influencing mean error in eyes undergoing Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) triple procedure, that is, DMEK combined with cataract extraction and IOL placement for concurrent Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) and cataracts. Design Retrospective cohort study. Subjects 90 eyes with FECD undergoing uncomplicated DMEK triple procedure at Wilmer Eye Institute. Methods We analysed tomographic features of oedema, including loss of regular isopachs, displacement of the thinnest point of the cornea and the presence of posterior surface depression, and assessed the correlation with the prediction error. Main outcome measures We compared the mean error (±SD) for the Barrett Universal II (BU2), Hoffer QST, Haigis-L (HL) and Barrett True K (BTK) formulas and the percentage of eyes within 0.25, 0.5 and 1 diopter (D) of error. Results All formulas resulted in a mean hyperopic error, with the HL having the lowest mean error of 0.24 D (±0.97 D) and BU2 having the highest ME of 0.94 D (±0.97 D). For each additional tomographic feature of corneal oedema in the BU2 and Hoffer QST formulas, the mean hyperopic error increased by 0.38 D. For the BTK and HL formulas, the mean error increased by 0.35 D (p<0.001). Conclusion The number of tomographic features of oedema can be useful in identifying eyes with higher errors in IOL calculation when performing the DMEK triple procedure for FECD.