Sumário 1. Definição, Epidemiologia e Prevenção Primária 528 1.1 Definição de Hipertensão Arterial 528 […] Diretrizes Brasileiras de Hipertensão Arterial – 2020 Sumário 1. Definição, Epidemiologia e Prevenção Primária 528 1.1 Definição de Hipertensão Arterial 528 […] Diretrizes Brasileiras de Hipertensão Arterial – 2020

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) account annually for almost one third of all deaths worldwide. Among the CVD, systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) is related to more than half of those outcomes. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor for SAH because it causes functional and structural damage to the arterial wall, leading to stiffness. Several studies have related oxidative stress, production of free radicals, and neuroendocrine and genetic changes to the physiopathogenesis of vascular aging. Indirect ways to analyze that aging process have been widely studied, pulse wave velocity (PWV) being considered gold standard to assess arterial stiffness, because there is large epidemiological evidence of its predictive value for cardiovascular events, and it requires little technical knowledge to be performed. A pulse wave is generated during each cardiac contraction and travels along the arterial bed until finding peripheral resistance or any bifurcation point, determining the appearance of a reflected wave. In young individuals, arteries tend to be more elastic, therefore, the reflected wave occurs later in the cardiac cycle, reaching the heart during diastole. In older individuals, however, the reflected wave occurs earlier, reaching the heart during systole. Because PWV is an important biomarker of vascular damage, highly valuable in determining the patient's global cardiovascular risk, we chose to review the articles on vascular aging in the context of cardiovascular risk factors and the tools available to the early identification of that damage.

Estimate the prevalence of hypertension and some cardiovascular risk factors in the adult population of a major city in Brazil. Descriptive, observational, transversal population-based study substantiated by the home survey of a simple random sample (>18 years old). Standardized questionnaires were used to obtain sociodemographic information, measurements of blood pressure (2 measurements), weight, height, and abdominal circumference (AC). Microsoft Access and Epi Info 6 were used for data storage and analysis, respectively. The last blood pressure reading was used (hypertension: BP>140 x 90 mm Hg). The study evaluated 1,739 individuals (87% of the estimated sample). There was a predominance of females (65.4%) and mean age was 39.7 years (+/- 15.6); arterial hypertension prevalence was 36.4%, higher for the male population (41.8%) when compared to females (31.8%). Correlation between Hypertension and Body Mass Index was positive, as well as with AC and age. The female gender and higher income were protective factors against hypertension. There was no correlation with schooling. Prevalence of overweight and obesity were 30.0% and 13.6%, respectively; overweight was higher among females and obesity among males. The prevalence of smoking was 20.1%, more frequent among males (27.1%), when compared to females (16.4%). A sedentary lifestyle was observed in 62.3% of the population, with no difference between the genders. Regular alcohol consumption was reported by 44.4% of the individuals, being more frequent in males. Hypertension and other cardiovascular risk factors (particularly overweight/obesity) indicators are high, reinforcing the need for objective nationwide measures to fight this disease, in order to reduce CVD morbidity and mortality.

Resumo O envelhecimento biológico é reflexo da interação entre genética, idade cronológica e fatores externos; é a base para novos conceitos em envelhecimento vascular, cuja progressão é determinada pela diferença entre idade biológica e cronológica. Do ponto de vista estrutural, os efeitos do envelhecimento vascular são mais evidentes na camada média das grandes artérias elásticas e resultam em aumento da rigidez arterial, da dilatação do lúmen e da espessura da parede. Esses efeitos são descritos no continuum de envelhecimento cardiovascular [...] Resumo O envelhecimento biológico é reflexo da interação entre genética, idade cronológica e fatores externos; é a base para novos conceitos em envelhecimento vascular, cuja progressão é determinada pela diferença entre idade biológica e cronológica. Do ponto de vista estrutural, os efeitos do envelhecimento vascular são mais evidentes na camada média das grandes artérias elásticas e resultam em aumento da rigidez arterial, da dilatação do lúmen e da espessura da parede. Esses efeitos são descritos no continuum de envelhecimento cardiovascular

Table of contents Updates and modifications to the Brazilian Guidelines for In-Office and Out-of-Office Blood Pressure Measurement 10 Part 1 – Blood pressure measurement 10 […] Brazilian Guidelines for In-office and Out-of-office Blood Pressure Measurement – 2023 Table of contents Updates and modifications to the Brazilian Guidelines for In-Office and Out-of-Office Blood Pressure Measurement 10 Part 1 – Blood pressure measurement 10 […] Brazilian Guidelines for In-office and Out-of-office Blood Pressure Measurement – 2023

Sumário Atualizações e Mudanças nas Diretrizes Brasileiras de Medidas da Pressão Arterial Dentro e Fora do Consultório 10 Parte 1 – Medidas da Pressão Arterial 10 […] Diretrizes Brasileiras de Medidas da Pressão Arterial Dentro e Fora do Consultório – 2023 Sumário Atualizações e Mudanças nas Diretrizes Brasileiras de Medidas da Pressão Arterial Dentro e Fora do Consultório 10 Parte 1 – Medidas da Pressão Arterial 10 […] Diretrizes Brasileiras de Medidas da Pressão Arterial Dentro e Fora do Consultório – 2023