Chromone glycosides comprise an important group of secondary metabolites. They are widely distributed in plants and, to a lesser extent, in fungi and bacteria. Significant biological activities, including antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antimicrobial, etc., have been discovered for chromone glycosides, suggesting their potential as drug leads. This review compiles 192 naturally occurring chromone glycosides along with their sources, classification, biological activities, and spectroscopic features. Detailed biosynthetic pathways and chemotaxonomic studies are also described. Extensive spectroscopic features for this class of compounds have been thoroughly discussed, and detailed ¹³C-NMR data of compounds 1–192, have been added, except for those that have no reported ¹³C-NMR data.

Sesquiterpene lactones (SLs) are a structurally diverse group of secondary metabolites primarily produced by plants, particularly within the Asteraceae family.

Bassia indica and Agathophora alopecuroides could be utilized as potential sources of candidate compounds for the management of Alzheimer disease.

N-[(3-(3-methyl-1-oxo-butyl)amino)propyl]-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enamide (7), named ‘Bassiamide A’, a new alkaloid, together with six known compounds including one lignan (1) and five lignanamides (2–6), were isolated from the aerial parts of Bassia indica Wight. The study also reported an optimal separation of a rare occurring R-isomer lignanamide derivative (6) from a natural origin, in addition to its known corresponding S-isomer (5). Structures of isolated compounds were elucidated based on NMR spectroscopic data, HR-MS, and comparison with known related ones, and they were identified as syringaresinol (1), N-trans-feruloyl-3-methoxytyramine (2), N-trans-feruloyltyramine (3), S-(-)-N-trans-feruloyl normetanephrine (4), S-(-)-N-trans-feruloyl octopamine (5), R-(+)-N-trans-feruloyl octopamine (6). The isolated compounds were evaluated for their anti-acetylcholinesterase activity, and they showed weak inhibitory activity. Graphical Abstract