In today’s information technology age, the issue of cyber Security is a complicated and fascinating area of law. The phenomenal growth and development of e-commerce in India is astounding. However, with the rising dependence on internet commerce, the dangers of fraud and security and trust problems have become severe impediments. Creating robust legal and regulatory frameworks that meet the growing concerns about online fraud, data security, and intellectual property protection in both local and international business contexts is critical. The e-commerce sector, like any expanding business, confronts various obstacles, primarily due to an inadequate and inefficient legal and regulatory framework that fails to guarantee the rights and duties of all players engaged sufficiently. To protect user data, tackle cyber threats, and maintain customer trust, e-commerce enterprises must comply with legal regulations. In India, cybersecurity governance falls under the Information Technology Act of 2000, regulating e-commerce, electronic contracts, data protection, and cybercrimes. The imminent passage of the Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019, is expected after ongoing review. The Indian Penal Code addresses unauthorized access, hacking, identity theft, phishing, and computer virus dissemination. The Reserve Bank of India oversees online payment and financial security, mandating two-factor authentication, encryption, and secure payment channels. CERT-In coordinates national cybersecurity incidents, while electronic signatures and digital certificates hold legal recognition. Intellectual Property Laws regulate online violations of patents, copyrights, and trademarks. The Indian government also enforces cybersecurity standards for enterprises and organizations, covering IT infrastructure and incident response. Nonetheless, further steps must be taken to improve the efficiency of India’s cyber security regulations. This research study uses a doctrinal and analytical approach to examine India’s present Cyber Security Laws and Guidelines. It assesses their effectiveness in addressing legal concerns with Security, privacy, and data protection inside the country. It also evaluates the legal structure that governs the link between e-commerce and Cyber Laws in India. This research will provide a thorough overview of the present condition of cyber security regulations in India, setting the way for prospective reforms and progress in this critical area.

Text mining is crucial in extracting valuable insights from unstructured text data, such as emails, social media posts, and consumer comments. By analyzing large datasets, organizations can uncover hidden patterns and trends that provide actionable business intelligence. This process involves several key steps, including data cleaning to remove irrelevant information, identifying significant keywords that highlight important themes, and structuring the data in a way that facilitates analysis. In marketing analytics, business intelligence derived from text mining enables informed decision-making based on detailed consumer insights. Detecting fake reviews across various platforms and industries is particularly critical today. Methods for identifying counterfeit feedback involve examining corporate achievements, understanding customer purchasing behaviours, managing brand perception, and utilizing emotional intelligence to gauge authenticity.

India has made remarkable progress in digital payments innovation, showcasing a vibrant shift in the nature and functions of money. Recent technological advancements have made it possible to digitize currency, and the introduction of central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) is a significant development in this area. The study explores various aspects of the subject, including the legal framework, technological issuance architecture, fundamental principles, potential hazards, stakeholder influence, use cases, and critical CBDC-R issues. This study is relevant considering India's advancements in digital payments and the increasing global acceptance of CBDCs. The study highlights the potential of CBDC-R to improve India's economic landscape, emphasizing the importance of taking proactive measures to ensure its successful implementation and widespread acceptance.

This study aims to analyse the protection of human rights in the context of artistic freedom of expression in Indonesia, Iran, and the United States, placing artworks as the primary subject of legal examination. The main contribution lies in its comparative approach, highlighting how state ideologies and legal systems influence both the protection and restriction of artistic expression. The research employs normative legal methods, incorporating statutory and comparative approaches, with a focus on national and international legal instruments that regulate freedom of expression. The findings reveal that Indonesia and Iran share similar patterns of restriction—Indonesia through multi-interpretable provisions, such as the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (ITE Law), and Iran through strict, religion-based controls, particularly targeting female artists. In contrast, the United States adopts a liberal model that provides strong constitutional protection for artistic expression, with only limited exceptions such as child pornography or threatening speech. The study concludes that Indonesia’s legal protection for artistic freedom remains inconsistent and prone to repression, while Iran demonstrates systematic restriction, and the United States offers near-absolute constitutional safeguards. Recommendations include regulatory reform in Indonesia, particularly revising the ITE Law and strengthening constitutional guarantees, to ensure that vague legal interpretations, political interests, or narrow moral constraints do not curtail artistic freedom.

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In 2024, Sustainability celebrates its 15th year of publication. To commemorate this milestone, this study presents a retrospective bibliometric analysis of the journal, utilizing data from the Scopus database. Through a range of bibliometric tools, we analyze Sustainability’s growth in terms of publication and citation impact. Citation data mainly were retrieved from Elsevier's Scopus, the largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature, comprising scientific journals, books, and conference proceedings. Additionally, data on the most downloaded articles were obtained from Sustainability’s official website. The most cited articles in Sustainability were identified along with the most prolific authors. As of 2023, Sustainability has achieved a CiteScore (CS) of 6.8 — an impressive 485% increase from its initial CS of 1.4 in 2011. The journal is indexed under multiple subject categories in Scopus, ranking as follows: Computer Networks and Communications – 95th out of 395 journals; Computer Science (miscellaneous) – 17th out of 133 journals; Energy Engineering and Power Technology - 69th out of 272 journals; Environmental Science (miscellaneous) – 36th out of 219 journals; Geography, Planning and Development – 94th out of 821 journals; Hardware and Architecture – 46th out of 177 journals; Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law – 89th out of 399 journals; and Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment – 97th out of 270 journals. Since its inception in 2009, Sustainability has published 65,636 articles from scholars worldwide, with the highest contributions from China and the United States. The journal has primarily published sustainability studies in various aspects, with a predominant emphasis on quantitative methodologies. Although widely used in academia, bibliometric methods might also prove useful in sustainability jurisprudence, such as helping people understand the publication trends in scholarly sustainability journals.