Accurate traffic forecasting is one of the key applications within Internet of Things (IoT)-based Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), playing a vital role in enhancing traffic quality, optimizing public transportation, and planning infrastructure. However, existing spatial-temporal methods encounter two primary limitations: (1) they have difficulty differentiating samples over time and often ignore dependencies among road network nodes at different time scales; (2) they are limited in capturing dynamic spatial correlations with predefined and adaptive graphs. To overcome these limitations, we introduce a novel Temporal Identity Interaction Dynamic Graph Convolutional Network (TIIDGCN) for traffic forecasting. The central concept involves assigning temporal identity features to raw data and extracting distinctive, representative spatial-temporal features through multiscale interactive learning. Specifically, we design a multiscale interactive model incorporating both spatial and temporal components. This network aims to explore spatial-temporal patterns at various scales from macro to micro, facilitating their mutual enhancement through positive feedback mechanisms. For the spatial component, we design a new dynamic graph learning method to depict the changing dependencies among nodes. We conduct comprehensive experiments using four real-world traffic datasets (PeMS04/07/08 and NYCTaxi Drop-off/Pick-up). Specifically, TIIDGCN achieves a 16.46% reduction in Mean Absolute Error compared to the Spatial-Temporal Graph Attention Gated Recurrent Transformer Network model on the PeMS08 dataset.

Spatial information regarding the arrangement of land cover objects plays an important role in distinguishing the land use types at land parcel or local neighborhood levels. This study investigates the use of graph convolutional networks (GCNs) in order to characterize spatial arrangement features for land use classification from high resolution remote sensing images, with particular interest in comparing land use classifications between different graph-based methods and between different remote sensing images. We examine three kinds of graph-based methods, i.e., feature engineering, graph kernels, and GCNs. Based upon the extracted arrangement features and features regarding the spatial composition of land cover objects, we formulated ten land use classifications. We tested those on two different remote sensing images, which were acquired from GaoFen-2 (with a spatial resolution of 0.8 m) and ZiYuan-3 (of 2.5 m) satellites in 2020 on Fuzhou City, China. Our results showed that land use classifications that are based on the arrangement features derived from GCNs achieved the highest classification accuracy than using graph kernels and handcrafted graph features for both images. We also found that the contribution to separating land use types by arrangement features varies between GaoFen-2 and ZiYuan-3 images, due to the difference in the spatial resolution. This study offers a set of approaches for effectively mapping land use types from (very) high resolution satellite images.