Меморандум экспертов Российского кардиологического общества по рекомендациям Европейского общества кардиологов/Европейского общества по артериальной гипертензии по лечению артериальной гипертензии 2018г

ВИСЦЕРАЛЬНОЕ ОЖИРЕНИЕ КАК ГЛОБАЛЬНЫЙ ФАКТОР СЕРДЕЧНО-СОСУДИСТОГО РИСКА

Предиабет как междисциплинарная проблема: определение, риски, подходы к диагностике и профилактике сахарного диабета 2 типа и сердечно-сосудистых осложнений

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) and associated conditions are an important problem in modern medicine. The onset of IDD may be in childhood and adolescence in patients with a genetic predisposition. With age, IDD progresses, leading to spondylosis, spondylarthrosis, herniated disc, spinal canal stenosis. One of the leading mechanisms in the development of IDD and chronic back pain is an imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. However, classical therapeutic strategies for correcting cytokine imbalance in IDD do not give the expected response in more than half of the cases. The purpose of this review is to update knowledge about new and promising therapeutic strategies based on the correction of the molecular mechanisms of cytokine imbalance in patients with IDD. This review demonstrates that knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of the imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines may be a new key to finding more effective drugs for the treatment of IDD in the setting of acute and chronic inflammation.

МЕХАНИЗМЫ РАЗВИТИЯ СЕРДЕЧНОЙ НЕДОСТАТОЧНОСТИ ПРИ ОЖИРЕНИИ

In most countries worldwide, hypertension (HTN) occupies a leading position in the structure of modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and their complications. One of the main reasons for this trend is the increasing prevalence of obesity, which is becoming an important risk factor for high blood pressure (BP). The results of numerous epidemiological studies showed an association between obesity (assessed by body mass index (BMI)) and BP levels, as well as a prognostic role of BMI in relation to the development of HTN. However, there is currently no consensus on the obesity criterion that most accurately predicts the risk of HTN and associated complications. Data from prospective observational studies showed a greater prognostic value of indirect and direct indicators of abdominal and ectopic visceral adipose tissue.These facts stimulated research aimed at revealing the pathophysiological mechanisms of HTN in patients with overweight and obesity, which are reviewed in this article.