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Natural landscape views have positive sides, such as providing restorative effects to urban residents, and negative sides, such as deepening wealth inequality. Previous studies have mainly focused on the positives and rarely on the negatives. From this perspective, this study aimed to analyze the unequal impact of natural landscape views on housing prices for apartments in Seoul. We proposed a visual perception model to analyze natural landscape views and, based on a hedonic price model, we used ordinary least squares and quantile regression to estimate the marginal impacts on housing prices. The results show that: (1) natural landscape views had positive impacts on housing prices, but their impacts did not reach the level of structural and locational characteristics such as apartment area and the distance to subway stations; (2) natural landscape views had different marginal impacts by housing price range and, in particular, had much higher value-added effects on higher-priced apartments, meaning that if old apartment complexes are redeveloped into high-rise ones, the improvement in natural landscape views generates great profit for apartment owners and intensifies wealth inequality; (3) the geographic information system-based visual perception model effectively quantified the natural landscape views of wide areas and is thus applicable for the rigorous analysis of various landscape views.
Hyejin Lee; Byoungkil Lee; Sangkyeong Lee. The Unequal Impact of Natural Landscape Views on Housing Prices: Applying Visual Perception Model and Quantile Regression to Apartments in Seoul. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8275 .
AMA StyleHyejin Lee, Byoungkil Lee, Sangkyeong Lee. The Unequal Impact of Natural Landscape Views on Housing Prices: Applying Visual Perception Model and Quantile Regression to Apartments in Seoul. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (19):8275.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHyejin Lee; Byoungkil Lee; Sangkyeong Lee. 2020. "The Unequal Impact of Natural Landscape Views on Housing Prices: Applying Visual Perception Model and Quantile Regression to Apartments in Seoul." Sustainability 12, no. 19: 8275.
This study aims to examine the gender gaps in the use of urban space in Seoul, Korea, to provide empirical evidence for urban planning for gender equality. We analyzed daily temporary populations that were estimated using mobile phone data. We used the total, women’s, and men’s temporary populations as well as the subtraction of the temporary population of men from that of women (SMW) as dependent variables. We first conducted a visual analysis on temporary population density using kernel density estimation and then conducted a further analysis using spatial autocorrelation indicators and spatial regression models. The results demonstrate that: (1) Temporary population patterns for women and men showed similarities in that both were larger in business areas than in residential areas, which means that a large number of women were engaged in economic activities like men; (2) the pattern for SMW showed the opposite, that is, women were more active in residential areas and areas where neighborhood retail shops, cultural facilities, parks, and department stores were easily accessible; and (3) both women’s temporary population and SMW had spatial autocorrelation and thus showed clustering patterns that can be helpful in urban planning for gender equality in Korea.
Areum Jo; Sang-Kyeong Lee; Jaecheol Kim. Gender Gaps in the Use of Urban Space in Seoul: Analyzing Spatial Patterns of Temporary Populations Using Mobile Phone Data. Sustainability 2020, 12, 6481 .
AMA StyleAreum Jo, Sang-Kyeong Lee, Jaecheol Kim. Gender Gaps in the Use of Urban Space in Seoul: Analyzing Spatial Patterns of Temporary Populations Using Mobile Phone Data. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (16):6481.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAreum Jo; Sang-Kyeong Lee; Jaecheol Kim. 2020. "Gender Gaps in the Use of Urban Space in Seoul: Analyzing Spatial Patterns of Temporary Populations Using Mobile Phone Data." Sustainability 12, no. 16: 6481.
Local governments, which are responsible for ubiquitous city (u-city) operation in Korea, often have difficulties in bearing their operating costs. As an alternative income source, we examine the usage fees that are charged to households in u-city service regions. We measure the amounts that residents are willing to pay and analyze whether it is possible to cover the operating costs. Willingness to Pay (WTP) is measured by the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), the survey of which is accomplished in Eunpyeong New Town in Seoul. The mean WTPs are estimated by parametric methods with and without covariates and non-parametric methods to find a lower bound, an intermediate, and an upper bound. The household’s monthly WTP ranges from KRW 3971 to KRW 7186, and the yearly WTP of total households ranges from KRW 771 million to KRW 1395 million. All WTPs are not sufficient to cover the operating cost of Eunpyeong u-city, and consequently, an annual shortage is estimated from KRW 85 million to KRW 710 million. This means that it is not feasible to use the usage fee as the only income source for u-city operation; however, it is rational to use in addition to other reliable income sources.
Sang-Kyeong Lee; Byoungkil Lee. Economic analysis of ubiquitous city operation using parametric and non-parametric estimation of the contingent valuation method. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 2014, 19, 1475 -1482.
AMA StyleSang-Kyeong Lee, Byoungkil Lee. Economic analysis of ubiquitous city operation using parametric and non-parametric estimation of the contingent valuation method. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering. 2014; 19 (5):1475-1482.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSang-Kyeong Lee; Byoungkil Lee. 2014. "Economic analysis of ubiquitous city operation using parametric and non-parametric estimation of the contingent valuation method." KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 19, no. 5: 1475-1482.
Hyun Su Shin; Sang-Kyeong Lee; Byoungkil Lee. Selection of Spatial Regression Model Using Point Pattern Analysis. Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography 2014, 32, 225 -231.
AMA StyleHyun Su Shin, Sang-Kyeong Lee, Byoungkil Lee. Selection of Spatial Regression Model Using Point Pattern Analysis. Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography. 2014; 32 (3):225-231.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHyun Su Shin; Sang-Kyeong Lee; Byoungkil Lee. 2014. "Selection of Spatial Regression Model Using Point Pattern Analysis." Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography 32, no. 3: 225-231.
Sang-Kyeong Lee; Byoungkil Lee. Application of the L-index to the Delineation of Market Areas of Retail Businesses. Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography 2014, 32, 245 -251.
AMA StyleSang-Kyeong Lee, Byoungkil Lee. Application of the L-index to the Delineation of Market Areas of Retail Businesses. Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography. 2014; 32 (3):245-251.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSang-Kyeong Lee; Byoungkil Lee. 2014. "Application of the L-index to the Delineation of Market Areas of Retail Businesses." Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography 32, no. 3: 245-251.
Sangkyeong Lee; Byoungkil Lee. Assessing the Appropriateness of the Spatial Distribution of Standard Lots Using the L-index. Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography 2013, 31, 601 -609.
AMA StyleSangkyeong Lee, Byoungkil Lee. Assessing the Appropriateness of the Spatial Distribution of Standard Lots Using the L-index. Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography. 2013; 31 (6_2):601-609.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSangkyeong Lee; Byoungkil Lee. 2013. "Assessing the Appropriateness of the Spatial Distribution of Standard Lots Using the L-index." Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography 31, no. 6_2: 601-609.
When Christaller's central place theory is applied to an anisotropic urban space, the hierarchical structure of the central places in hexagon shapes does not appear. Thus, we have difficulties delimiting boundaries of market areas of central places. In order to overcome this limitation, we suggest the geographic information system (GIS) method based on a hydrological modelling which uses raster density and apply the method to the retail facilities of Seoul, Korea. Kernel density function is used to measure the density of retail facilities, and search radii are set up as 500, 1000, and 5000 m by considering the size of the neighbourhood unit, the neighbourhood district, and the sub-centre region. As a result, we confirm market areas of central places with irregular shapes, which become nested in those of higher order central places. This means that central places in an urban space have the hierarchy, which is the core concept of Christaller's theory. In order to evaluate the result of delimiting market areas, we suggest the normalized internal traffic volume ratio index (NTI). The average NTIs of the market areas of central places are higher than those of administrative units, and thus, we conclude that market areas of central places are effectively delimited and the GIS method based on a hydrological modelling is useful.
Byoungkil Lee; Sang-Kyeong Lee. Delimiting boundaries of market areas of central places using the density of retail facilities in an urban space. International Journal of Urban Sciences 2013, 18, 90 -102.
AMA StyleByoungkil Lee, Sang-Kyeong Lee. Delimiting boundaries of market areas of central places using the density of retail facilities in an urban space. International Journal of Urban Sciences. 2013; 18 (1):90-102.
Chicago/Turabian StyleByoungkil Lee; Sang-Kyeong Lee. 2013. "Delimiting boundaries of market areas of central places using the density of retail facilities in an urban space." International Journal of Urban Sciences 18, no. 1: 90-102.