This study aims to examine the gender gaps in the use of urban space in Seoul, Korea, to provide empirical evidence for urban planning for gender equality. We analyzed daily temporary populations that were estimated using mobile phone data. We used the total, women’s, and men’s temporary populations as well as the subtraction of the temporary population of men from that of women (SMW) as dependent variables. We first conducted a visual analysis on temporary population density using kernel density estimation and then conducted a further analysis using spatial autocorrelation indicators and spatial regression models. The results demonstrate that: (1) Temporary population patterns for women and men showed similarities in that both were larger in business areas than in residential areas, which means that a large number of women were engaged in economic activities like men; (2) the pattern for SMW showed the opposite, that is, women were more active in residential areas and areas where neighborhood retail shops, cultural facilities, parks, and department stores were easily accessible; and (3) both women’s temporary population and SMW had spatial autocorrelation and thus showed clustering patterns that can be helpful in urban planning for gender equality in Korea.

Natural landscape views have positive sides, such as providing restorative effects to urban residents, and negative sides, such as deepening wealth inequality. Previous studies have mainly focused on the positives and rarely on the negatives. From this perspective, this study aimed to analyze the unequal impact of natural landscape views on housing prices for apartments in Seoul. We proposed a visual perception model to analyze natural landscape views and, based on a hedonic price model, we used ordinary least squares and quantile regression to estimate the marginal impacts on housing prices. The results show that: (1) natural landscape views had positive impacts on housing prices, but their impacts did not reach the level of structural and locational characteristics such as apartment area and the distance to subway stations; (2) natural landscape views had different marginal impacts by housing price range and, in particular, had much higher value-added effects on higher-priced apartments, meaning that if old apartment complexes are redeveloped into high-rise ones, the improvement in natural landscape views generates great profit for apartment owners and intensifies wealth inequality; (3) the geographic information system-based visual perception model effectively quantified the natural landscape views of wide areas and is thus applicable for the rigorous analysis of various landscape views.

To maximize its synergetic effect across the cycle from prevention to response to post-crime management, crime prevention requires a balanced combination of spatial urban design and advanced crime prevention technologies for crime prediction and real-time response. This study derived intelligent Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) services and suggested a decision model based on the fuzzy Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) to implement these services in municipal control centers. The analysis results are summarized as follows. First, this study established a fuzzy TOPSIS-based decision-making support model enabling local government control centers to effectively select intelligent CPTED service elements. Second, overall, operator-led Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV) and platform control technologies were identified as significant components of intelligent CPTED service elements. Third, a comparison by city size revealed that large cities in the Seoul metropolitan area rated system services for control based on advanced crime prevention infrastructure (e.g., the crime monitoring systems and real-time control drones/robots) relatively higher. In contrast, small and medium-sized cities in other provinces rated services that were perceptible to residents and improved crime-prone environments (e.g., artificial intelligence (AI) video analysis for living safety) relatively higher.

When Christaller's central place theory is applied to an anisotropic urban space, the hierarchical structure of the central places in hexagon shapes does not appear. Thus, we have difficulties delimiting boundaries of market areas of central places. In order to overcome this limitation, we suggest the geographic information system (GIS) method based on a hydrological modelling which uses raster density and apply the method to the retail facilities of Seoul, Korea. Kernel density function is used to measure the density of retail facilities, and search radii are set up as 500, 1000, and 5000 m by considering the size of the neighbourhood unit, the neighbourhood district, and the sub-centre region. As a result, we confirm market areas of central places with irregular shapes, which become nested in those of higher order central places. This means that central places in an urban space have the hierarchy, which is the core concept of Christaller's theory. In order to evaluate the result of delimiting market areas, we suggest the normalized internal traffic volume ratio index (NTI). The average NTIs of the market areas of central places are higher than those of administrative units, and thus, we conclude that market areas of central places are effectively delimited and the GIS method based on a hydrological modelling is useful.