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Purpose Building on construal level theory (CLT), this study explores mental representations of entrepreneurial intentions (EIs) with different foci (i.e. social and commercial) among university students from Generations Y and Z. Design/methodology/approach Using a sample of university students from the United States contacted through the Entrepreneurship Education Project, this study employs a configurational perspective—fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA)—to identify the pathways leading to EIs and social entrepreneurial intentions (SEIs). Findings Results show that the configurations of conditions leading to the outcomes (EI and SEI) are not disparate but share far more similarities even when considering socially oriented antecedents, supporting the claim that students perceive both EIs with different foci as high-level construals. The results also demonstrate no differences within gender, but there are asymmetries between gender in the configurations leading to EI and SEI. Research limitations/implications This study contributes to EI literature by providing new insights into understanding how individuals perceive EIs at an early stage of entrepreneurship and by bringing CLT to the EI literature. Practical implications These results have implications for entrepreneurship education and practice, as it recognizes that students' EIs are psychologically distant, lacking a level of detail and specificity. This would explain why students do not immediately create ventures, but that entrepreneurship has a certain incubation time to create an entrepreneurial mindset. Originality/value Exploring the configurational approaches can help to uncover the complexity and idiosyncrasies underlying EIs.
Susana C. Santos; Shahrokh Nikou; Malin Brännback; Eric W. Liguori. Are social and traditional entrepreneurial intentions really that different? International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 2021, ahead-of-p, 1 .
AMA StyleSusana C. Santos, Shahrokh Nikou, Malin Brännback, Eric W. Liguori. Are social and traditional entrepreneurial intentions really that different? International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research. 2021; ahead-of-p (ahead-of-p):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSusana C. Santos; Shahrokh Nikou; Malin Brännback; Eric W. Liguori. 2021. "Are social and traditional entrepreneurial intentions really that different?" International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research ahead-of-p, no. ahead-of-p: 1.
While the ability to function in multidisciplinary entrepreneurship teams is becoming increasingly important for engineers, research on this topic is still scarce. To address this gap, we propose a framework describing team competencies for engineering entrepreneurship students that builds on the literature on teams, entrepreneurship, and engineering. Our framework is comprised of three components with 12 team-level competencies. First, discipline-driven competencies: technology literacy, adapted innovation capacity, and stakeholder empathy. Second, task-contingent competencies, which include team entrepreneurial efficacy, capability to build diverse networks, ability to communicate and persuade nonengineering audiences, leveraging team resources, team value creation and capturing ability, and team resilience. And finally, third, team-contingent competencies, including shared mental models, team conflict management, and team reflexivity. With this conceptual model, we define key competencies that can help inform the development of relevant pedagogical content and exercises for team-based entrepreneurship programs. We conclude the article with a discussion of implications for practice and future research.
Xaver Neumeyer; Susana C. Santos. Educating the Engineer Entrepreneur of the Future: A Team Competency Perspective. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management 2021, PP, 1 -16.
AMA StyleXaver Neumeyer, Susana C. Santos. Educating the Engineer Entrepreneur of the Future: A Team Competency Perspective. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management. 2021; PP (99):1-16.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXaver Neumeyer; Susana C. Santos. 2021. "Educating the Engineer Entrepreneur of the Future: A Team Competency Perspective." IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management PP, no. 99: 1-16.
This study aims to examine the role of entrepreneurial intentions and motivations in the interplay between humane-oriented personal values and entrepreneurial behavior. Using data from 593 individuals in 2010 and 2019, we uncover how and when humane-oriented personal values (conservation and self-transcendence) lead to self-employment. Results suggest that entrepreneurial intentions function as a mechanism that triggers self-employment decisions for individuals with humane-oriented personal values and that this effect is stronger when they engage in opportunity-based entrepreneurship. Finally, we discuss the implications of these findings for the literature on personal values and the intention-action link.
Susana C. Santos; Xaver Neumeyer; António Caetano; Francisco Liñán. Understanding how and when personal values foster entrepreneurial behavior: A humane perspective. Journal of Small Business Management 2021, 59, 373 -396.
AMA StyleSusana C. Santos, Xaver Neumeyer, António Caetano, Francisco Liñán. Understanding how and when personal values foster entrepreneurial behavior: A humane perspective. Journal of Small Business Management. 2021; 59 (3):373-396.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSusana C. Santos; Xaver Neumeyer; António Caetano; Francisco Liñán. 2021. "Understanding how and when personal values foster entrepreneurial behavior: A humane perspective." Journal of Small Business Management 59, no. 3: 373-396.
This study examines the role of culture in the interplay between female participation in entrepreneurial teams, team processes, and outcomes using stereotype activation, social categorization, and identity theories. Our analysis of 64 entrepreneurial teams including members from 20 countries reveals that team reflexivity mediates the relationship between the proportion of women in a team and a team’s access to resources. This effect is further enhanced when team members are from countries with a more favorable national perception of women’s entrepreneurship. Our findings further demonstrate how the proportion of women in a team and cultural perceptions towards women’s entrepreneurship can impact the quality of team processes and, consequently, a team’s access to resources. We conclude by discussing the implications of our results on women entrepreneurship, new venture teams, and culture research.
Susana C. Santos; Xaver Neumeyer. Culture and gender in entrepreneurial teams: the effect on team processes and outcomes. Small Business Economics 2021, 1 -16.
AMA StyleSusana C. Santos, Xaver Neumeyer. Culture and gender in entrepreneurial teams: the effect on team processes and outcomes. Small Business Economics. 2021; ():1-16.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSusana C. Santos; Xaver Neumeyer. 2021. "Culture and gender in entrepreneurial teams: the effect on team processes and outcomes." Small Business Economics , no. : 1-16.
All entrepreneurs must overcome the liabilities of newness and smallness as they attempt to launch and grow a new venture. However, those in poverty face an even greater challenge due to a concept we introduce, known as the liability of poorness, which centers on literacy gaps, a scarcity mindset, intense non-business pressures, and the lack of a safety net. Each of these components of the liability of poorness contributes to the disadvantage and fragility of the enterprises confronting the poor. Implications of this fragility for venture dynamics as well as how some poverty entrepreneurs overcome this liability are explored. Research priorities are discussed for ongoing work on the liability of poorness.
Michael H. Morris; Donald F. Kuratko; David B. Audretsch; Susana Santos. Overcoming the liability of poorness: disadvantage, fragility, and the poverty entrepreneur. Small Business Economics 2020, 1 -15.
AMA StyleMichael H. Morris, Donald F. Kuratko, David B. Audretsch, Susana Santos. Overcoming the liability of poorness: disadvantage, fragility, and the poverty entrepreneur. Small Business Economics. 2020; ():1-15.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichael H. Morris; Donald F. Kuratko; David B. Audretsch; Susana Santos. 2020. "Overcoming the liability of poorness: disadvantage, fragility, and the poverty entrepreneur." Small Business Economics , no. : 1-15.
This study investigates why and where self-employment is related to higher levels of eudaimonic well-being. We focus on meaningfulness as an important eudaimonic process and subjective vitality as a eudaimonic well-being outcome that is central to entrepreneurs' proactivity. Building on self-determination theory, we posit that self-employment, relative to wage-employment, is a more self-determined and volitional career choice, which enhances the experience of meaningfulness at work and perceptions of work autonomy. In a multi-level study of 22,002 individuals and 16 European countries, meaningfulness at work mediates the relationship between self-employment and subjective vitality and explains this relationship better than work autonomy. We identify moderating effects of context: the societal legitimacy of entrepreneurship in a country affects the choice set of alternative career options that individuals can consider and thus shapes the experience of meaningfulness at work and work autonomy, and thereby indirectly subjective vitality. These findings expand our understanding of eudaimonic well-being, entrepreneurs' work, and the role of context in entrepreneurship and well-being research. They complement existing research on hedonic well-being of entrepreneurs and extend the scarce literature on their eudaimonic well-being.
Ute Stephan; Susana M. Tavares; Helena Carvalho; Joaquim J.S. Ramalho; Susana C. Santos; Marc van Veldhoven. Self-employment and eudaimonic well-being: Energized by meaning, enabled by societal legitimacy. Journal of Business Venturing 2020, 35, 106047 -106047.
AMA StyleUte Stephan, Susana M. Tavares, Helena Carvalho, Joaquim J.S. Ramalho, Susana C. Santos, Marc van Veldhoven. Self-employment and eudaimonic well-being: Energized by meaning, enabled by societal legitimacy. Journal of Business Venturing. 2020; 35 (6):106047-106047.
Chicago/Turabian StyleUte Stephan; Susana M. Tavares; Helena Carvalho; Joaquim J.S. Ramalho; Susana C. Santos; Marc van Veldhoven. 2020. "Self-employment and eudaimonic well-being: Energized by meaning, enabled by societal legitimacy." Journal of Business Venturing 35, no. 6: 106047-106047.
While recent research explores the dark side of entrepreneurship there remains little exploration of what, if any, role entrepreneurship education (EE) plays in producing dark side outcomes. Accordingly, we explore dangers and unintended consequences EE poses to students and universities as well as the role of both student and instructor in mitigating dark side concerns. Specifically, we use a Delphi technique to distill from a panel of experienced educators the dangers EE may pose as well as strategies for mitigating dark side consequences. In sum, this work contributes to EE research by providing a unique mixed-methods view of the dark side of EE and raising awareness of the unintended consequences borne by the students and institutions we serve.
Cesar Bandera; Susana C. Santos; Eric W. Liguori. The Dark Side of Entrepreneurship Education: A Delphi Study on Dangers and Unintended Consequences. Entrepreneurship Education and Pedagogy 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleCesar Bandera, Susana C. Santos, Eric W. Liguori. The Dark Side of Entrepreneurship Education: A Delphi Study on Dangers and Unintended Consequences. Entrepreneurship Education and Pedagogy. 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCesar Bandera; Susana C. Santos; Eric W. Liguori. 2020. "The Dark Side of Entrepreneurship Education: A Delphi Study on Dangers and Unintended Consequences." Entrepreneurship Education and Pedagogy , no. : 1.
This study explores the affective turmoil experienced by nascent entrepreneurs during opportunity recognition and exploitation. Based on the affect circumplex model, we employed nonlinear methods to identify configurations of affect that emerge during these early stages of the entrepreneurial journey. We analyzed data from 50 nascent entrepreneurs using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) trained with twenty affect dimensions as input variables and opportunity recognition and opportunity exploitation as outcomes. Results show that nascent entrepreneurs experience different affect configurations during opportunity recognition and exploitation. While four configurations of affect emerged associated with opportunity recognition and exploitation, their nature and importance to the experienced event are significantly different. Specifically, “active screening” is the most important configuration of affect during opportunity recognition, while “vigilant” is the most important during opportunity exploitation. We posit that nonlinear methods can help to uncover the affective turmoil experienced by entrepreneurs during a particular event. These findings provide new insights on how affect associates differently with cognition during the early stages of entrepreneurship.
Susana C. Santos; António Caetano; Sílvia F. Costa; Rita Rueff Lopes; Ana Junça Silva; Xaver Neumeyer. Uncovering the affective turmoil during opportunity recognition and exploitation: A nonlinear approach. Journal of Business Venturing Insights 2020, 14, e00184 .
AMA StyleSusana C. Santos, António Caetano, Sílvia F. Costa, Rita Rueff Lopes, Ana Junça Silva, Xaver Neumeyer. Uncovering the affective turmoil during opportunity recognition and exploitation: A nonlinear approach. Journal of Business Venturing Insights. 2020; 14 ():e00184.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSusana C. Santos; António Caetano; Sílvia F. Costa; Rita Rueff Lopes; Ana Junça Silva; Xaver Neumeyer. 2020. "Uncovering the affective turmoil during opportunity recognition and exploitation: A nonlinear approach." Journal of Business Venturing Insights 14, no. : e00184.
PurposeIndividuals adopt differing perceptions of entrepreneurial types, including small businesses, scalable businesses and social businesses. This study aims to suggest that individuals' entrepreneurial personal theory (EPT: learning from experiences that informs how an individual conceptualizes entrepreneurship) influences entrepreneurial intent, and that sensemaking facilitates this process such that those with a clearer understanding of different entrepreneurship paths are more likely to pursue opportunities.Design/methodology/approachThis study theorizes and empirically tests whether EPT affects an individual's intent to start a small business, a scalable business or a social enterprise and how gender moderates the relationship between EPT and entrepreneurial intent. Primary survey data were collected from undergraduate business students and working adults.FindingsThe results indicate that EPTs characterized by small business, scalable business and social entrepreneurship have a positive association with entrepreneurial intentions. However, gender interaction effects showed that for women, an EPT characterized as small business has a weaker relationship with entrepreneurial intent, whereas an EPT characterized as social entrepreneurship has a stronger relationship with entrepreneurial intent. The notions that gender directly affects personal conceptions of entrepreneurship and that women may have not been exposed to all facets of entrepreneurship are addressed.Research limitations/implicationsOther variables not included in this study could also influence the relationship between how the type of entrepreneurship may shape entrepreneurial intent and how such relationship may be influenced by gender. Implications for entrepreneurship education and curriculum development are presented.Originality/valueIntegrating the EPT and sensemaking to uncover gender differences in the development of entrepreneurial intentions is a novel theoretical discussion.
Curtis F. Matherne Iii; Joshua S. Bendickson; Susana C. Santos; Erik C. Taylor. Making sense of entrepreneurial intent: a look at gender and entrepreneurial personal theory. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 2020, 26, 989 -1009.
AMA StyleCurtis F. Matherne Iii, Joshua S. Bendickson, Susana C. Santos, Erik C. Taylor. Making sense of entrepreneurial intent: a look at gender and entrepreneurial personal theory. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research. 2020; 26 (5):989-1009.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCurtis F. Matherne Iii; Joshua S. Bendickson; Susana C. Santos; Erik C. Taylor. 2020. "Making sense of entrepreneurial intent: a look at gender and entrepreneurial personal theory." International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 26, no. 5: 989-1009.
While entrepreneurship in developing economies at the base of the pyramid is receiving growing attention, scholars have devoted less effort to exploring entrepreneurship as a solution to poverty in advanced economies. Yet, poverty rates have not meaningfully changed in most developed economies in 50 years, and the income gap between rich and poor continues to widen. In this article, we examine entrepreneurship as a source of empowerment for the economically disadvantaged. We explore the nature of poverty and its implications for various aspects of entrepreneurship, identify problematic aspects of the typical low-income startup, and present the SPODER conceptual framework for fostering entrepreneurial development among the poor: (S) supportive infrastructure, (P) preparation of the entrepreneur; (O) expanded opportunity horizons; (D) finding sources of differentiation; (E) a well-designed economic model; and (R) leveraging community resources. We conclude by drawing from the framework implications for those involved in breaking the cycle of poverty.
Michael H. Morris; Susana C. Santos; Xaver Neumeyer. Entrepreneurship as a solution to poverty in developed economies. Business Horizons 2020, 63, 377 -390.
AMA StyleMichael H. Morris, Susana C. Santos, Xaver Neumeyer. Entrepreneurship as a solution to poverty in developed economies. Business Horizons. 2020; 63 (3):377-390.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichael H. Morris; Susana C. Santos; Xaver Neumeyer. 2020. "Entrepreneurship as a solution to poverty in developed economies." Business Horizons 63, no. 3: 377-390.
While social entrepreneurship (SE) as a field of study has progressed some distance over the past four decades, it is plagued by many unanswered, yet fundamental, questions. The SE literature is filled with an abundance of disputes, controversies, and alternative perspectives. Although this can suggest a healthy and robust discipline, it can also raise questions regarding the legitimacy and relevancy of the field, and uncertainty regarding where it is headed. In this research, we provide a systematic overview of major unresolved issues characterizing the contemporary study of SE in the form of thirteen divides. These divides cover such issues as social value creation, social innovation, nature of the process, agents, entrepreneurial orientation, scalability, venture creation, revenue sources, organizational outcomes, efficacy, and the appropriate disciplinary home. Rather than taking sides on each divide, we discuss how these diverse perspectives can be accommodated based on the process perspective. We present an inclusive approach to SE that provides a common platform for advancing the field while allowing for diverse streams of research.
Michael H. Morris; Susana C. Santos; Donald F. Kuratko. The great divides in social entrepreneurship and where they lead us. Small Business Economics 2020, 1 -18.
AMA StyleMichael H. Morris, Susana C. Santos, Donald F. Kuratko. The great divides in social entrepreneurship and where they lead us. Small Business Economics. 2020; ():1-18.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichael H. Morris; Susana C. Santos; Donald F. Kuratko. 2020. "The great divides in social entrepreneurship and where they lead us." Small Business Economics , no. : 1-18.
Purpose Building on social career cognitive theory, the purpose of this paper is to investigate outcome expectations as a mediator and subjective norms as a moderator in the relationship between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and intentions. Design/methodology/approach Using a sample of 1,026 students from US public and private universities retrieved from the Entrepreneurship Education Project, this study tests a first-stage moderated mediation model in a two-step process. Findings Results show that entrepreneurial self-efficacy is positively related to entrepreneurial intentions through the partial mediating effect of entrepreneurial outcome expectations, and that this relationship is consistently significant and positive for individuals with lower, average and higher subjective norms towards entrepreneurship. Research limitations/implications These findings contribute to the literature on entrepreneurial intentions by providing a comprehensive overlook on the mechanisms and boundary conditions relevant for intentions. Practical implications These results reinforce the need for educators and policy makers to ensure programs manage outcome expectations and recognize the role of peer, parent and mentor role models on the construction of these expectations and, consequently, on entrepreneurial intentions. Originality/value Exploring the combined effect of entrepreneurial outcome expectations as a mechanism and subjective norms as boundary conditions on the relationship between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intentions is an unexplored issue to date, and helps to understand how and why entrepreneurial intentions emerge.
Susana C. Santos; Eric W. Liguori. Entrepreneurial self-efficacy and intentions. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 2019, 26, 400 -415.
AMA StyleSusana C. Santos, Eric W. Liguori. Entrepreneurial self-efficacy and intentions. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research. 2019; 26 (3):400-415.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSusana C. Santos; Eric W. Liguori. 2019. "Entrepreneurial self-efficacy and intentions." International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 26, no. 3: 400-415.
In this study we explore the role of compositional variables such as the proportion of women in teams and aspects of team dynamics such as communication frequency, multiplexity and the formation of subgroups, on the performance of technology-based entrepreneurial student teams. Using data collected during three time periods on 30 teams enrolled in a team-based entrepreneurship course run by a major Midwest university, our results showed that the proportion of women and the existence of multiplex ties among team members have a positive influence on team performance, while the number of team factions is negatively related to team performance. Implications for team-based entrepreneurship programs and women in technology entrepreneurship are drawn.
Xaver Neumeyer; Susana Correia Santos. A lot of different flowers make a bouquet: The effect of gender composition on technology-based entrepreneurial student teams. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal 2019, 16, 93 -114.
AMA StyleXaver Neumeyer, Susana Correia Santos. A lot of different flowers make a bouquet: The effect of gender composition on technology-based entrepreneurial student teams. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal. 2019; 16 (1):93-114.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXaver Neumeyer; Susana Correia Santos. 2019. "A lot of different flowers make a bouquet: The effect of gender composition on technology-based entrepreneurial student teams." International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal 16, no. 1: 93-114.
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to introduce the concept of team entrepreneurial competence, a team-level construct representing the level of shared abilities toward entrepreneurial activities within a new venture team. A multilevel model of the influence of team entrepreneurial competence and team entrepreneurial experience on the cognitive strategies of team members is developed and tested. Design/methodology/approach Using a sample of 47 early stage entrepreneurial teams (144 individuals), a set of hypotheses regarding the effect of team entrepreneurial competence on team member reliance on effectual and causal reasoning, together with the moderating effect of team entrepreneurial experience, are tested. Findings The results provide support for a positive multilevel association between team entrepreneurial competence and the reliance by team members on both causal and effectual reasoning strategies; members of teams with higher entrepreneurial competence and more entrepreneurial experience are more likely to engage in effectuation. Research limitations/implications Understanding how team-level predictors and moderators have a role in determining individual effectuation and causation strategies offers promise in advancing effectuation theory. Practical implications Teams develop entrepreneurial competencies that transcend those of individual team members; where teams have more collective entrepreneurial experience, the effect on the tendency of individuals to engage in effectual reasoning is enhanced, which can be beneficial in highly uncertain contexts. Originality/value The results of this study are a step forward for effectuation theory, as it demonstrates the role of team-level variables in explaining individual causal and effectual reasoning.
Susana C. Santos; Michael H. Morris; António Caetano; Sílvia F. Costa; Xaver Neumeyer. Team entrepreneurial competence: multilevel effects on individual cognitive strategies. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 2019, 25, 1259 -1282.
AMA StyleSusana C. Santos, Michael H. Morris, António Caetano, Sílvia F. Costa, Xaver Neumeyer. Team entrepreneurial competence: multilevel effects on individual cognitive strategies. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research. 2019; 25 (6):1259-1282.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSusana C. Santos; Michael H. Morris; António Caetano; Sílvia F. Costa; Xaver Neumeyer. 2019. "Team entrepreneurial competence: multilevel effects on individual cognitive strategies." International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 25, no. 6: 1259-1282.
This study investigates how and when general self-efficacy is related to entrepreneurial intentions. We propose that entrepreneurial outcome expectations function as a mediator in this relationship, while subjective norms act as a moderator. Using a sample of 1052 students from U.S. Public Universities, we tested a moderated mediation model. Results showed that general self-efficacy is positively related to entrepreneurial intentions through the mediating effect of entrepreneurial outcome expectations, and that this relationship is significantly positive for individuals with favourable subjective norms towards entrepreneurship, while significantly negative for individuals with less favourable subjective norms. These findings contribute to literatures on entrepreneurial intentions. Keywords: entrepreneurial intentions, self-efficacy, entrepreneurial outcome expectations, subjective norms
Susana Santos; Eric W. Liguori. HOW AND WHEN IS SELF-EFFICACY RELATED TO ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONS: EXPLORING THE ROLE OF ENTREPRENEURIAL OUTCOME EXPECTATIONS AND SUBJECTIVE NORMS. Revista de Estudios Empresariales. Segunda Época 2019, 1 .
AMA StyleSusana Santos, Eric W. Liguori. HOW AND WHEN IS SELF-EFFICACY RELATED TO ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONS: EXPLORING THE ROLE OF ENTREPRENEURIAL OUTCOME EXPECTATIONS AND SUBJECTIVE NORMS. Revista de Estudios Empresariales. Segunda Época. 2019; (1):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSusana Santos; Eric W. Liguori. 2019. "HOW AND WHEN IS SELF-EFFICACY RELATED TO ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONS: EXPLORING THE ROLE OF ENTREPRENEURIAL OUTCOME EXPECTATIONS AND SUBJECTIVE NORMS." Revista de Estudios Empresariales. Segunda Época , no. 1: 1.
We integrate literatures on entrepreneurial passion, shared emotions, and group identities to extend a conceptual model of team entrepreneurial passion (TEP). We delineate mono-focal, complete, and incomplete poly-focal TEP, and examine how each type and focus of TEP is related to team performance. We test our hypotheses with 73 new venture teams. Results reveal that TEP occurs in 61 teams in our sample (23 mono-focal, 26 complete poly-focal, 12 incomplete poly-focal). In terms of focus, TEP for inventing and developing are positively related to team performance. Concerning type, mono-focal and complete poly-focal TEP are the most beneficial for team performance.
Susana C. Santos; Melissa S. Cardon. What’s Love Got to Do With It? Team Entrepreneurial Passion and Performance in New Venture Teams. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 2018, 43, 475 -504.
AMA StyleSusana C. Santos, Melissa S. Cardon. What’s Love Got to Do With It? Team Entrepreneurial Passion and Performance in New Venture Teams. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice. 2018; 43 (3):475-504.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSusana C. Santos; Melissa S. Cardon. 2018. "What’s Love Got to Do With It? Team Entrepreneurial Passion and Performance in New Venture Teams." Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 43, no. 3: 475-504.
Empowerment is an important but understudied phenomenonExperiential Learning in entrepreneurship education. We integrate literatures on empowerment theory and experiential learning to propose a conceptual model of empowerment‐based entrepreneurship education. The concept of entrepreneurial empowerment is introduced as a cognitive state characterized by meaning, competence, self‐determination, and impact toward entrepreneurial activities. The model proposes that empowerment has a mediating role in the relationship between experiential learning approaches in a poverty context and the acquisition of learning outcomes. The model is illustrated using an entrepreneurship and adversity program that supports local low‐income individuals in starting and growing their ventures.
Susana C. Santos; Xaver Neumeyer; Michael H. Morris. Entrepreneurship Education in a Poverty Context: An Empowerment Perspective. Journal of Small Business Management 2018, 57, 6 -32.
AMA StyleSusana C. Santos, Xaver Neumeyer, Michael H. Morris. Entrepreneurship Education in a Poverty Context: An Empowerment Perspective. Journal of Small Business Management. 2018; 57 (sup1):6-32.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSusana C. Santos; Xaver Neumeyer; Michael H. Morris. 2018. "Entrepreneurship Education in a Poverty Context: An Empowerment Perspective." Journal of Small Business Management 57, no. sup1: 6-32.
Michael H. Morris; Susana C. Santos; Xaver Neumeyer. Policies and programs to support low-income entrepreneurship. Poverty and Entrepreneurship in Developed Economies 2018, 221 -238.
AMA StyleMichael H. Morris, Susana C. Santos, Xaver Neumeyer. Policies and programs to support low-income entrepreneurship. Poverty and Entrepreneurship in Developed Economies. 2018; ():221-238.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichael H. Morris; Susana C. Santos; Xaver Neumeyer. 2018. "Policies and programs to support low-income entrepreneurship." Poverty and Entrepreneurship in Developed Economies , no. : 221-238.
Michael H. Morris; Susana C. Santos; Xaver Neumeyer. Technology and the poor. Poverty and Entrepreneurship in Developed Economies 2018, 114 -131.
AMA StyleMichael H. Morris, Susana C. Santos, Xaver Neumeyer. Technology and the poor. Poverty and Entrepreneurship in Developed Economies. 2018; ():114-131.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichael H. Morris; Susana C. Santos; Xaver Neumeyer. 2018. "Technology and the poor." Poverty and Entrepreneurship in Developed Economies , no. : 114-131.
Michael H. Morris; Susana C. Santos; Xaver Neumeyer. Overcoming resource constraints. Poverty and Entrepreneurship in Developed Economies 2018, 178 -193.
AMA StyleMichael H. Morris, Susana C. Santos, Xaver Neumeyer. Overcoming resource constraints. Poverty and Entrepreneurship in Developed Economies. 2018; ():178-193.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichael H. Morris; Susana C. Santos; Xaver Neumeyer. 2018. "Overcoming resource constraints." Poverty and Entrepreneurship in Developed Economies , no. : 178-193.