Representation or coding of the molecular graphs with the help of numerical numbers plays a vital role in the studies of physicochemical and structural properties of the chemical compounds that are involved in the molecular graphs. For the first time, the modified first Zagreb connection index appeared in the paper by Gutman and Trinajstic (1972) to compute total electron energy of the alternant hydrocarbons, but after that, for a long time, it has not been studied. Recently, Ali and Trinajstic (2018) restudied the first Zagreb connection index ZC1, the second Zagreb connection index ZC2, and the modified first Zagreb connection index ZC1∗ to find entropy and acentric factor of the octane isomers. They also reported that the values provided by the International Academy of Mathematical Chemistry show better chemical capability of the Zagreb connection indices than the ordinary Zagreb indices. Assume that S1 and S2 denote the operations of subdivision and semitotal point, respectively. Then, the S-sum graphs Q1+QS2 are obtained by the cartesian product of SQ1 and Q2, where S∈S1,S2, Q1andQ2 are any connected graphs, and SQ1 is a graph obtained after applying the operation S on Q1. In this paper, we compute the Zagreb connection indices (ZC1, ZC2, and ZC1∗) of the S-sum graphs in terms of various topological indices of their factor graphs. At the end, as an application of the computed results, the Zagreb connection indices of the S-sum graphs obtained by the particular classes of alkanes are also included.

The generalization of Godunova–Levin interval‐valued functions has been drastically studied in last few decades, as it has a remarkable applications in both pure and applied mathematics. The goal of this study is to introduce the notion of h‐Godunova–Levin interval‐valued functions. We establish Hermite–Hadamard and Jensen‐type inequalities via Riemann integral operator.

There is no doubt that convex and non-convex functions have a significant impact on optimization. Due to its behavior, convexity also plays a crucial role in the discussion of inequalities. The principles of convexity and symmetry go hand-in-hand. With a growing connection between the two in recent years, we can learn from one and apply it to the other. There have been significant studies on the generalization of Godunova–Levin interval-valued functions in the last few decades, as it has tremendous applications in both pure and applied mathematics. In this paper, we introduce the notion of interval- valued harmonical (h₁, h₂)-Godunova–Levin functions. Using the new concept, we establish a new interval Hermite–Hadamard and Jensen-type inequalities that generalize the ones that exist in the literature. Additionally, we provide some examples to prove the validity of our main results.

There are different types of order relations that are associated with interval analysis for determining integral inequalities. The purpose of this paper is to connect the inequalities terms to total order relations, often called (CR)-order. In contrast to classical interval-order relations, total order relations are quite different and novel in the literature and are calculated as $\omega =⟨{\omega }_c,{\omega }_r⟩=⟨\frac{\overline{\omega }+\underline{\omega }}{2},\frac{\overline{\omega }-\underline{\omega }}{2}⟩$. A major benefit of total order relations is that they produce more efficient results than other order relations. This study introduces the notion of CR-$(h_1,h_2)$-convex function using total order relations. Center and Radius order relations are a powerful tool for studying inequalities based on their properties and widespread application. Using this novel notion, we first developed some variants of Hermite–Hadamard inequality and then constructed Jensen inequality. Based on the results, this new concept is extremely useful in connection with a variety of inequalities. There are many new and well-known convex functions unified by this type of convexity. These results will stimulate further research on inequalities for fractional interval-valued functions and fuzzy interval-valued functions, as well as the optimization problems associated with them. For the purpose of verifying our main findings, we provide some nontrivial examples.

The objective of this paper is to study the unsteady rotational flow of some non Newtonian fluids with Caputo fractional derivative through an infinite circular cylinder by means of the finite Hankel and Laplace transform. The novelty of the work is that motion is produced by applying tangential force not a specific but general function of time on the boundary. Initially the cylinder is at rest and after time $ t_{o} = 0^{+} $ it begins to rotate about its axis with an angular velocity $ \tau_{o} g(t) $. The obtained solutions of velocity field and shear stress have been presented under series form in terms of generalized $ G $-function, satisfying all imposed initial and boundary conditions. The corresponding solutions can be easily particularized to give similar solutions from existing literature for Oldroyd-B fluids, Maxwell fluids, Second grade fluids and Newtonian fluids with/without fractional derivatives performing similar motions.