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The effect of salt treatment on Brassica carinata (BC) microgreens grown under different light wavelengths on glucosinolates (GLs) and phenolic compounds were evaluated. Quantifiable GLs were identified using ultra-high performance-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry. Extracts’ ability to activate antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)) was evaluated on human colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT116). Furthermore, BC compounds’ ability to activate expression of nuclear transcription factor-erythroid 2 related factor (Nrf2) and heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) proteins was examined using specific antibodies on HCT116 cells. Sinigrin (SIN) was the abundant GLs of the six compounds identified and its content together with total aliphatic GLs increased in saline conditions. Fluorescent (FL) and blue plus red (B1R1) lights were identified as stable cultivation conditions for microgreens, promoting biomass and glucobrassicin contents, whereas other identified individual and total indole GLs behaved differently in saline and non-saline environments. Blue light-emitting diodes and FL light in saline treatments mostly enhanced SIN, phenolics and antioxidant activities. The increased SOD and CAT activities render the BC microgreens suitable for lowering oxidative stress. Additionally, activation of Nrf2, and HO-1 protein expression by the GLs rich extracts, demonstrate their potential to treat and prevent oxidative stress and inflammatory disorders. Therefore, effective salt treatments and light exposure to BC microgreens present an opportunity for targeted regulation of growth and accumulation of bioactive metabolites.
Sylvia Maina; Da Ryu; Jwa Cho; Da Jung; Jai-Eok Park; Chu Nho; Gaymary Bakari; Gerald Misinzo; Je Jung; Seung-Hoon Yang; Ho-Youn Kim. Exposure to Salinity and Light Spectra Regulates Glucosinolates, Phenolics, and Antioxidant Capacity of Brassica carinata L. Microgreens. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 1183 .
AMA StyleSylvia Maina, Da Ryu, Jwa Cho, Da Jung, Jai-Eok Park, Chu Nho, Gaymary Bakari, Gerald Misinzo, Je Jung, Seung-Hoon Yang, Ho-Youn Kim. Exposure to Salinity and Light Spectra Regulates Glucosinolates, Phenolics, and Antioxidant Capacity of Brassica carinata L. Microgreens. Antioxidants. 2021; 10 (8):1183.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSylvia Maina; Da Ryu; Jwa Cho; Da Jung; Jai-Eok Park; Chu Nho; Gaymary Bakari; Gerald Misinzo; Je Jung; Seung-Hoon Yang; Ho-Youn Kim. 2021. "Exposure to Salinity and Light Spectra Regulates Glucosinolates, Phenolics, and Antioxidant Capacity of Brassica carinata L. Microgreens." Antioxidants 10, no. 8: 1183.
Ganoderma lucidum extract is a potent traditional remedy for curing various ailments. Drying is the most important postharvest step during the processing of Ganoderma lucidum. The drying process mainly involves heat (36 h at 60 °C) and freeze-drying (36 h at −80 °C). We investigated the effects of different postharvest drying protocols on the metabolites profiling of Ganoderma lucidum using GC-MS, followed by an investigation of the anti-neuroinflammatory potential in LPS-treated BV2 microglial cells. A total of 109 primary metabolites were detected from heat and freeze-dried samples. Primary metabolite profiling showed higher levels of amino acids (17.4%) and monosaccharides (8.8%) in the heat-dried extracts, whereas high levels of organic acids (64.1%) were present in the freeze-dried samples. The enzymatic activity, such as ATP-citrate synthase, pyruvate kinase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphatase dehydrogenase, glutamine synthase, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, and D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase, related to the reverse tricarboxylic acid cycle were significantly high in the heat-dried samples. We also observed a decreased phosphorylation level of the MAP kinase (Erk1/2, p38, and JNK) and NF-κB subunit p65 in the heat-dried samples of the BV2 microglia cells. The current study suggests that heat drying improves the production of ganoderic acids by the upregulation of TCA-related pathways, which, in turn, gives a significant reduction in the inflammatory response of LPS-induced BV2 cells. This may be attributed to the inhibition of NF-κB and MAP kinase signaling pathways in cells treated with heat-dried extracts.
Nooruddin-Bin Sadiq; Da-Hye Ryu; Jwa-Yeong Cho; A-Hyeon Lee; Dae-Geun Song; Banzragch Dorjsembe; Jin-Chul Kim; Je-Hyeong Jung; Chu-Won Nho; Muhammad Hamayun; Seung-Hoon Yang; Ho-Youn Kim. Postharvest Drying Techniques Regulate Secondary Metabolites and Anti-Neuroinflammatory Activities of Ganoderma lucidum. Molecules 2021, 26, 4484 .
AMA StyleNooruddin-Bin Sadiq, Da-Hye Ryu, Jwa-Yeong Cho, A-Hyeon Lee, Dae-Geun Song, Banzragch Dorjsembe, Jin-Chul Kim, Je-Hyeong Jung, Chu-Won Nho, Muhammad Hamayun, Seung-Hoon Yang, Ho-Youn Kim. Postharvest Drying Techniques Regulate Secondary Metabolites and Anti-Neuroinflammatory Activities of Ganoderma lucidum. Molecules. 2021; 26 (15):4484.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNooruddin-Bin Sadiq; Da-Hye Ryu; Jwa-Yeong Cho; A-Hyeon Lee; Dae-Geun Song; Banzragch Dorjsembe; Jin-Chul Kim; Je-Hyeong Jung; Chu-Won Nho; Muhammad Hamayun; Seung-Hoon Yang; Ho-Youn Kim. 2021. "Postharvest Drying Techniques Regulate Secondary Metabolites and Anti-Neuroinflammatory Activities of Ganoderma lucidum." Molecules 26, no. 15: 4484.
Leaf angle and grain size are important agronomic traits affecting rice productivity directly and/or indirectly through modulating crop architecture. OsBC1, as a typical bHLH transcription factor, is one of the components comprising a complex formed with LO9-177 and OsBUL1 contributing to modulation of rice leaf inclination and grain size. In the current study, two homologues of OsBC1, OsBCL1 and OsBCL2 were functionally characterized by expressing them under the control of OsBUL1 promoter, which is preferentially expressed in the lamina joint and the spikelet of rice. Increased leaf angle and grain length with elongated cells in the lamina joint and the grain hull were observed in transgenic rice containing much greater gibberellin A3 (GA3) levels than WT, demonstrating that both OsBCL1 and OsBCL2 are positive regulators of cell elongation at least partially through increased GA biosynthesis. Moreover, the cell elongation was likely due to cell expansion rather than cell division based on the related gene expression and, the cell elongation-promoting activities of OsBCL1 and OsBCL2 were functional in a dicot species, Arabidopsis.
Seonghoe Jang; Jwa-Yeong Cho; Gyung-Ran Do; Yeeun Kang; Hsing-Yi Li; Jaeeun Song; Ho-Youn Kim; Beom-Gi Kim; Yue-Ie Hsing. Modulation of Rice Leaf Angle and Grain Size by Expressing OsBCL1 and OsBCL2 under the Control of OsBUL1 Promoter. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2021, 22, 7792 .
AMA StyleSeonghoe Jang, Jwa-Yeong Cho, Gyung-Ran Do, Yeeun Kang, Hsing-Yi Li, Jaeeun Song, Ho-Youn Kim, Beom-Gi Kim, Yue-Ie Hsing. Modulation of Rice Leaf Angle and Grain Size by Expressing OsBCL1 and OsBCL2 under the Control of OsBUL1 Promoter. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22 (15):7792.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSeonghoe Jang; Jwa-Yeong Cho; Gyung-Ran Do; Yeeun Kang; Hsing-Yi Li; Jaeeun Song; Ho-Youn Kim; Beom-Gi Kim; Yue-Ie Hsing. 2021. "Modulation of Rice Leaf Angle and Grain Size by Expressing OsBCL1 and OsBCL2 under the Control of OsBUL1 Promoter." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 15: 7792.
Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] is a globally important food security crop. However, it is susceptible to pest and disease; hence, constant breeding efforts based on its diversity are required for its improvement. The present study aims to investigate the genetic diversity, population structure, and linkage disequilibrium (LD) among 274 cowpea accessions from different origins. A total of 3,127 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers generated using diversity array technology (DArT) was used. Population structure, neighbor-joining clustering, and principal component analyses indicated three subpopulations within the germplasm. Results of STRUCTURE analysis and discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) were complementary in assessing the structuration of the diversity among the germplasm, with the grouping of the accessions improved in DAPC. Genetic distances of 0.005–0.44 were observed among accessions. Accessions from western and central Africa, eastern and central Africa, and Asia were predominant and distributed across all subpopulations. The subpopulations had fixation indexes of 0.48–0.56. Analysis of molecular variance revealed that within subpopulation variation accounted for 81% of observed genetic variation in the germplasm. The subpopulations mainly consisted of inbred lines (inbreeding coefficient = 1) with common alleles, although they were from different geographical regions. This reflects considerable seed movement and germplasm exchange between regions. The LD was characterized by low decay for great physical distances between markers. The LD decay distance varied among chromosomes with the average distance of 80–100 kb across the genome. Thus, crop improvement is possible, and the LD will facilitate genome-wide association studies on quality attributes and critical agronomic traits in cowpea.
Frejus Ariel Kpedetin Sodedji; Symphorien Agbahoungba; Eric Echikintho Agoyi; Médard Konoutan Kafoutchoni; Jaeyoung Choi; Simon‐Pierre Assanvo Nguetta; Achille Ephrem Assogbadjo; Ho‐Youn Kim. Diversity, population structure, and linkage disequilibrium among cowpea accessions. The Plant Genome 2021, e20113 .
AMA StyleFrejus Ariel Kpedetin Sodedji, Symphorien Agbahoungba, Eric Echikintho Agoyi, Médard Konoutan Kafoutchoni, Jaeyoung Choi, Simon‐Pierre Assanvo Nguetta, Achille Ephrem Assogbadjo, Ho‐Youn Kim. Diversity, population structure, and linkage disequilibrium among cowpea accessions. The Plant Genome. 2021; ():e20113.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrejus Ariel Kpedetin Sodedji; Symphorien Agbahoungba; Eric Echikintho Agoyi; Médard Konoutan Kafoutchoni; Jaeyoung Choi; Simon‐Pierre Assanvo Nguetta; Achille Ephrem Assogbadjo; Ho‐Youn Kim. 2021. "Diversity, population structure, and linkage disequilibrium among cowpea accessions." The Plant Genome , no. : e20113.
Plants are susceptible to various environmental constrains, including heat stress due to their sessile nature. Endophytic fungi can be used as a novel technique to protect crop plants against the injurious effects of thermal stress. Endophytic fungi were isolated from Adiantum capillus-veneris L. and tested against heat stress in Glycine max L. and Helianthus annuus L. The results exhibited increased levels of the plant’s chlorophyll, height and biomass in Aspergillus foetidus (AdR-13) inoculated host crop species. Conversely, a significant decrease in lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was noted in A. foetidus-associated host crop species. Likewise, the amounts of ROS-degrading antioxidants (glutathione reductase (GR), peroxidase (POD), ascorbic acid oxidase (AAO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT)) as well as phenolics were increased, while the amounts of proline and abscisic acid (ABA) were decreased in fungal-associated test crops. Total lipids, proteins and sugars were noted to be high in A. foetidus-associated test crops. From the results, we concluded that A. foetidus have a role in heat stress mitigation that might help to sustain the production of important crops in the future.
Ismail; Muhammad Hamayun; Anwar Hussain; Amjad Iqbal; Sumera Khan; Ayaz Ahmad; Sarah Gul; Ho-Youn Kim; In-Jung Lee. Aspergillus foetidus Regulated the Biochemical Characteristics of Soybean and Sunflower under Heat Stress Condition: Role in Sustainability. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7159 .
AMA StyleIsmail, Muhammad Hamayun, Anwar Hussain, Amjad Iqbal, Sumera Khan, Ayaz Ahmad, Sarah Gul, Ho-Youn Kim, In-Jung Lee. Aspergillus foetidus Regulated the Biochemical Characteristics of Soybean and Sunflower under Heat Stress Condition: Role in Sustainability. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (13):7159.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIsmail; Muhammad Hamayun; Anwar Hussain; Amjad Iqbal; Sumera Khan; Ayaz Ahmad; Sarah Gul; Ho-Youn Kim; In-Jung Lee. 2021. "Aspergillus foetidus Regulated the Biochemical Characteristics of Soybean and Sunflower under Heat Stress Condition: Role in Sustainability." Sustainability 13, no. 13: 7159.
Ginseng is a perennial herb used as valuable traditional medicine for more than three thousand years. Ginsenosides are the major group of pharmacologically active components of ginseng, and they are effective against various diseases. Present study was designed to investigate the impact of foliar silicon sprays on growth characteristics, physiological traits, and pharmaceutical quality of 6-year-old ginseng plants. Three different concentrations i.e. 50 mg/L, 100 mg/L, and 200 mg/L of Si was used as foliar treatment. Compared to control, stem hardness was enhanced up to 54% in 100 mg/L treatment followed by 38% in 50 mg/L and 36% in 200 mg/L. SEM analysis showed that the density of epidermal cells was 21-25% higher in Si-treated plants than that in the control plants. Cuticle thickness was found higher in Si treated plants as compared to control. Overall a total of 25%, 38%, and 54% of cuticle thickness and 43%, 49%, and 63% ginseng roots production was observed in plants treated with Si treatment of 50 mg/L, 100 mg/L, and 200 mg/L, respectively. Results suggest that out of three different concentrations of Si treatments, 200 mg/L found to be most effective in overall higher Si content in leaves with thick cuticle and higher root production, 100 mg/L treatment showed high photosynthesis rate followed by stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content and stem hardness. 50 mg/L was found to be least effective. Out of 12 ginsenosides analyzed in 6-year-old ginseng roots, the most common were AP, Rg1, Rb1, and Re. The content of ginsenosides per gram of ginseng roots did not show any significant differences among treatments, but overall, ginsenosides contents were higher in Si-treated plants because of increased root growth triggered by increased Si level. Our study show that the application of aerial sprays with elevated Si levels increases the growth, promotes the physiological and morphological traits and increases the yield of 6-year-old ginseng plants. In addition, this study implied the importance of Si for commercial production of high-quality ginseng roots.
Soo-Won Jang; Nooruddin Bin Sadiq; Muhammad Hamayun; Jehyeong Jung; Taeksung Lee; Jung-Seok Yang; Bokyung Lee; Ho-Youn Kim. Silicon foliage spraying improves growth characteristics, morphological traits, and root quality of Panax ginseng C.A.Mey. Industrial Crops and Products 2020, 156, 112848 .
AMA StyleSoo-Won Jang, Nooruddin Bin Sadiq, Muhammad Hamayun, Jehyeong Jung, Taeksung Lee, Jung-Seok Yang, Bokyung Lee, Ho-Youn Kim. Silicon foliage spraying improves growth characteristics, morphological traits, and root quality of Panax ginseng C.A.Mey. Industrial Crops and Products. 2020; 156 ():112848.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSoo-Won Jang; Nooruddin Bin Sadiq; Muhammad Hamayun; Jehyeong Jung; Taeksung Lee; Jung-Seok Yang; Bokyung Lee; Ho-Youn Kim. 2020. "Silicon foliage spraying improves growth characteristics, morphological traits, and root quality of Panax ginseng C.A.Mey." Industrial Crops and Products 156, no. : 112848.
Glucosinolates (GSs) are common anionic plant secondary metabolites in the order Brassicales. Together with glucosinolate hydrolysis products (GSHPs), they have recently gained much attention due to their biological activities and mechanisms of action. We review herein the health benefits of GSs/GSHPs, approaches to improve the plant contents, their bioavailability and bioactivity. In this review, only literature published between 2010 and March 2020 was retrieved from various scientific databases. Findings indicate that these compounds (natural, pure, synthetic, and derivatives) play an important role in human/animal health (disease therapy and prevention), plant health (defense chemicals, biofumigants/biocides), and food industries (preservatives). Overall, much interest is focused on in vitro studies as anti-cancer and antimicrobial agents. GS/GSHP levels improvement in plants utilizes mostly biotic/abiotic stresses and short periods of phytohormone application. Their availability and bioactivity are directly proportional to their contents at the source, which is affected by methods of food preparation, processing, and extraction. This review concludes that, to a greater extent, there is a need to explore and improve GS-rich sources, which should be emphasized to obtain natural bioactive compounds/active ingredients that can be included among synthetic and commercial products for use in maintaining and promoting health. Furthermore, the development of advanced research on compounds pharmacokinetics, their molecular mode of action, genetics based on biosynthesis, their uses in promoting the health of living organisms is highlighted.
Sylvia Maina; Gerald Misinzo; Gaymary Bakari; Ho-Youn Kim. Human, Animal and Plant Health Benefits of Glucosinolates and Strategies for Enhanced Bioactivity: A Systematic Review. Molecules 2020, 25, 3682 .
AMA StyleSylvia Maina, Gerald Misinzo, Gaymary Bakari, Ho-Youn Kim. Human, Animal and Plant Health Benefits of Glucosinolates and Strategies for Enhanced Bioactivity: A Systematic Review. Molecules. 2020; 25 (16):3682.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSylvia Maina; Gerald Misinzo; Gaymary Bakari; Ho-Youn Kim. 2020. "Human, Animal and Plant Health Benefits of Glucosinolates and Strategies for Enhanced Bioactivity: A Systematic Review." Molecules 25, no. 16: 3682.
The dried Ganoderma lucidum (GL) has been widely used for its pharmacological properties and bioactive ganoderic acids (GAs). Herein, extraction procedures combining ultra-sonication and heating were optimized using response surface methodology based on four variables (antioxidant activity, anti-diabetic activity, total GAs content, and total polysaccharide content) and principal component analysis. The extraction of freeze-dried GL at temperatures between 64.2 and 70 °C for 1.2 h maximized the antioxidant activity and GA content, whereas the polysaccharide content and anti-diabetic activity were maximized by extraction between 66.8 and 70 °C for more than 2.8 h. Heat-dried GL extracted at 50 °C for 3 h provided the greatest anti-inflammatory activity against HaCaT cells by suppressing the response to inflammation related cytokines at mRNA levels. These results suggest that extraction conditions might be a limiting factor for target-oriented investigations, and optimized extraction methods may improve the potential effect and quality of harvested GL products.
Da Hye Ryu; Jwa Yeong Cho; Nooruddin Bin Sadiq; Jin-Chul Kim; Bokyung Lee; Muhammad Hamayun; Taek Sung Lee; Hyoung Seok Kim; Soo Hyun Park; Chu Won Nho; Ho-Youn Kim. Optimization of antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities and ganoderic acid content of differentially dried Ganoderma lucidum using response surface methodology. Food Chemistry 2020, 335, 127645 .
AMA StyleDa Hye Ryu, Jwa Yeong Cho, Nooruddin Bin Sadiq, Jin-Chul Kim, Bokyung Lee, Muhammad Hamayun, Taek Sung Lee, Hyoung Seok Kim, Soo Hyun Park, Chu Won Nho, Ho-Youn Kim. Optimization of antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities and ganoderic acid content of differentially dried Ganoderma lucidum using response surface methodology. Food Chemistry. 2020; 335 ():127645.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDa Hye Ryu; Jwa Yeong Cho; Nooruddin Bin Sadiq; Jin-Chul Kim; Bokyung Lee; Muhammad Hamayun; Taek Sung Lee; Hyoung Seok Kim; Soo Hyun Park; Chu Won Nho; Ho-Youn Kim. 2020. "Optimization of antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities and ganoderic acid content of differentially dried Ganoderma lucidum using response surface methodology." Food Chemistry 335, no. : 127645.
Current Topics in Lactic Acid Bacteria and Probiotics, 한국유산균프로바이오틱스학회 학술지
Eun Ji Jang; La Yeong Kim; Ho-Youn Kim; Bokyung Lee. Investigation of Total Culturable Bacterial Abundance and Isolation of Beneficial Bacteria from Agricultural Crops in South Korea. Current Topic in Lactic Acid Bacteria and Probiotics 2020, 6, 32 -37.
AMA StyleEun Ji Jang, La Yeong Kim, Ho-Youn Kim, Bokyung Lee. Investigation of Total Culturable Bacterial Abundance and Isolation of Beneficial Bacteria from Agricultural Crops in South Korea. Current Topic in Lactic Acid Bacteria and Probiotics. 2020; 6 (1):32-37.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEun Ji Jang; La Yeong Kim; Ho-Youn Kim; Bokyung Lee. 2020. "Investigation of Total Culturable Bacterial Abundance and Isolation of Beneficial Bacteria from Agricultural Crops in South Korea." Current Topic in Lactic Acid Bacteria and Probiotics 6, no. 1: 32-37.