Various hierarchical structures have been produced spontaneously or by modification from layered solids consisting of extended sheets with thickness not greater than a few nanometers.

A combination of adsorption, microcalorimetry, infra-red spectroscopy and modeling has been implemented to reveal the potential of the H₂S resistant amino-functionalized Ti MOF MIL-125 porous solid for the concomitant elimination of CO₂ and H₂S from biogas and natural gas.