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Advances in proteome research have opened the gateway to understanding numerous metabolic pathways and fundamental mechanisms involved in abiotic stress tolerance. In the present study, the antioxidant capacity of four tomato genotypes i.e., Kashi Amrit, Kashi Anupam, EC-317-6-1, and WIR-4360 was determined under drought stress to ascertain the scavenging potential for reactive oxygen species (ROS). A significant increase in the superoxide dismutase (SOD), Ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and catalase (CAT) activities in all the four genotypes under drought stress was observed, which seemed to be associated with a protective role against ROS (p< 0.001). Based on the antioxidant enzyme activities, a proteomic approach was applied to study differential protein expression in two selected genotypes from different species i.e., EC-317-6-1 (Solanum pimpinellifolium) and Kashi Amrit (Solanum lycopersicum) grown under irrigated, drought, and re-watering conditions. To reveal the protein network regulated under these conditions, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was employed to identify and quantify the number of proteins in drought-sensitive (Kashi Amrit) and tolerant (EC-317-6-1) genotypes. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight analysis (MALDI-TOF) revealed a total of 453 spots after fine-tuning factors i.e., smoothness, saliency, and minimum area that responded to drought. Out of 453 total spots, 93 spots were identified in Kashi Amrit and 154 in EC-317-6-1 under irrigated conditions, whereas 4 spots were identified in Kashi Amrit and 77 spots in EC-317-6-1 under drought conditions. Furthermore, differentially expressed proteins were distinguished according to the fold change of their expression. Information provided in this report will be useful for the selection of proteins or genes in analyzing or improving drought tolerance in tomato cultivars. These findings may assist in the construction of a complete proteome database encompassing various divergent species which could be a valuable source for the improvement of crops under drought-stress conditions in the future.
Gyanendra Rai; Abida Parveen; Gayatri Jamwal; Umer Basu; Ranjeet Kumar; Pradeep Rai; Jag Sharma; Adel Alalawy; Mohammed Al-Duais; Mohammad Hossain; Muhammad Habib Ur Rahman; Ali Raza; Subhan Danish; Mohamed Sakran. Leaf Proteome Response to Drought Stress and Antioxidant Potential in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Atmosphere 2021, 12, 1021 .
AMA StyleGyanendra Rai, Abida Parveen, Gayatri Jamwal, Umer Basu, Ranjeet Kumar, Pradeep Rai, Jag Sharma, Adel Alalawy, Mohammed Al-Duais, Mohammad Hossain, Muhammad Habib Ur Rahman, Ali Raza, Subhan Danish, Mohamed Sakran. Leaf Proteome Response to Drought Stress and Antioxidant Potential in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Atmosphere. 2021; 12 (8):1021.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGyanendra Rai; Abida Parveen; Gayatri Jamwal; Umer Basu; Ranjeet Kumar; Pradeep Rai; Jag Sharma; Adel Alalawy; Mohammed Al-Duais; Mohammad Hossain; Muhammad Habib Ur Rahman; Ali Raza; Subhan Danish; Mohamed Sakran. 2021. "Leaf Proteome Response to Drought Stress and Antioxidant Potential in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)." Atmosphere 12, no. 8: 1021.
Water scarcity constrains global cotton production. However, partial root-zone drying (PRD) and mulching can be used as good techniques to save water and enhance crop production, especially in arid regions. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of mulching for water conservation in an arid environment under PRD and to further assess the osmotic adjustment and enzymatic activities for sustainable cotton production. The study was carried out for 2 years in field conditions using mulches (NM = no mulch, BPM = black plastic mulch at 32 kg ha-1, WSM = wheat straw mulch at 3 tons ha-1, CSM = cotton sticks mulch at 10 tons ha-1) and two irrigation levels (FI = full irrigation and PRD (50% less water than FI). High seed cotton yield (SCY) achieved in FI+WSM (4457 and 4248 kg ha-1 in 2017 and 2018, respectively) and even in PRD+WSM followed by BPM>CSM>NM under FI and PRD for both years. The higher SCY and traits observed in FI+WSM and PRD+WSM compared with the others were attributed to the improved water use efficiency and gaseous exchange traits, increased hormone production (ABA), osmolyte accumulation, and enhanced antioxidants to scavenge the excess reactive oxygen. Furthermore, better cotton quality traits were also observed under WSM either with FI or PRD irrigation regimes. Mulches applications found effective to control the weeds in the order as BPM>WSM>CSM. In general, PRD can be used as an effective stratagem to save moisture along with WSM, which ultimately can improve cotton yield in the water-scarce regions under arid climatic regions. It may prove as a good adaptation strategy under current and future water shortage scenarios of climate change.
Rashid Iqbal; Muhammad Habib-Ur-Rahman; Muhammad Aown Sammar Raza; Muhammad Waqas; Rao Muhammad Ikram; Muhammad Zeshan Ahmed; Monika Toleikiene; Muhammad Ayaz; Farhan Mustafa; Salman Ahmad; Muhammad Usman Aslam; Muhammad Tahir Khan; Imran Haider. Assessing the potential of partial root zone drying and mulching for improving the productivity of cotton under arid climate. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2021, 1 -19.
AMA StyleRashid Iqbal, Muhammad Habib-Ur-Rahman, Muhammad Aown Sammar Raza, Muhammad Waqas, Rao Muhammad Ikram, Muhammad Zeshan Ahmed, Monika Toleikiene, Muhammad Ayaz, Farhan Mustafa, Salman Ahmad, Muhammad Usman Aslam, Muhammad Tahir Khan, Imran Haider. Assessing the potential of partial root zone drying and mulching for improving the productivity of cotton under arid climate. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2021; ():1-19.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRashid Iqbal; Muhammad Habib-Ur-Rahman; Muhammad Aown Sammar Raza; Muhammad Waqas; Rao Muhammad Ikram; Muhammad Zeshan Ahmed; Monika Toleikiene; Muhammad Ayaz; Farhan Mustafa; Salman Ahmad; Muhammad Usman Aslam; Muhammad Tahir Khan; Imran Haider. 2021. "Assessing the potential of partial root zone drying and mulching for improving the productivity of cotton under arid climate." Environmental Science and Pollution Research , no. : 1-19.
Rising temperature from climate change is the most threatening factor worldwide for crop production. Sustainable wheat production is a challenge due to climate change and variability, which is ultimately a serious threat to food security in Pakistan. A series of field experiments were conducted during seasons 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 in the semi-arid (Faisalabad) and arid (Layyah) regions of Punjab-Pakistan. Three spring wheat genotypes were evaluated under eleven sowing dates from 16 October to 16 March, with an interval of 14–16 days in the two regions. Data for the model calibration and evaluation were collected from field experiments following the standard procedures and protocols. The grain yield under future climate scenarios was simulated by using a well-calibrated CERES-wheat model included in DSSAT v4.7. Future (2051–2100) and baseline (1980–2015) climatic data were simulated using 29 global circulation models (GCMs) under representative concentration pathway (RCP) 8.5. These GCMs were distributed among five quadrants of climatic conditions (Hot/Wet, Hot/Dry, Cool/Dry, Cool/Wet, and Middle) by a stretched distribution approach based on temperature and rainfall change. A maximum of ten GCMs predicted the chances of Middle climatic conditions during the second half of the century (2051–2100). The average temperature during the wheat season in a semi-arid region and arid region would increase by 3.52 °C and 3.84 °C, respectively, under Middle climatic conditions using the RCP 8.5 scenario during the second half-century. The simulated grain yield was reduced by 23.5% in the semi-arid region and 35.45% in the arid region under Middle climatic conditions (scenario). Mean seasonal temperature (MST) of sowing dates ranged from 16 to 27.3 °C, while the mean temperature from the heading to maturity (MTHM) stage was varying between 12.9 to 30.4 °C. Coefficients of determination (R2) between wheat morphology parameters and temperature were highly significant, with a range of 0.84–0.96. Impacts of temperature on wheat sown on 15 March were found to be as severe as to exterminate the crop before heading. The spikes and spikelets were not formed under a mean seasonal temperature higher than 25.5 °C. In a nutshell, elevated temperature (3–4 °C) till the end-century can reduce grain yield by about 30% in semi-arid and arid regions of Pakistan. These findings are crucial for growers and especially for policymakers to decide on sustainable wheat production for food security in the region.
Jamshad Hussain; Tasneem Khaliq; Muhammad Rahman; Asmat Ullah; Ishfaq Ahmed; Amit Srivastava; Thomas Gaiser; Ashfaq Ahmad. Effect of Temperature on Sowing Dates of Wheat under Arid and Semi-Arid Climatic Regions and Impact Quantification of Climate Change through Mechanistic Modeling with Evidence from Field. Atmosphere 2021, 12, 927 .
AMA StyleJamshad Hussain, Tasneem Khaliq, Muhammad Rahman, Asmat Ullah, Ishfaq Ahmed, Amit Srivastava, Thomas Gaiser, Ashfaq Ahmad. Effect of Temperature on Sowing Dates of Wheat under Arid and Semi-Arid Climatic Regions and Impact Quantification of Climate Change through Mechanistic Modeling with Evidence from Field. Atmosphere. 2021; 12 (7):927.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJamshad Hussain; Tasneem Khaliq; Muhammad Rahman; Asmat Ullah; Ishfaq Ahmed; Amit Srivastava; Thomas Gaiser; Ashfaq Ahmad. 2021. "Effect of Temperature on Sowing Dates of Wheat under Arid and Semi-Arid Climatic Regions and Impact Quantification of Climate Change through Mechanistic Modeling with Evidence from Field." Atmosphere 12, no. 7: 927.
Accumulation of heavy metals (HMs) by ornamental plants (OPs) from contaminated agriculture soils is a unique technique that can efficiently reduce the metal load in the food chain. Amaranthus tricolor L. has attractive characteristics acquiring a higher growth rate and large biomass when grown at heavy metal contaminated soils. Site-specific detailed information is not available on the use of A. tricolor plant in metal phytoremediation from the polluted sites. The study aimed to enhance the uptake of HMs (Pb, Zn, and Cu) via amending poultry litter extract (PLE), vinasse sugarcane (VSC), and humic acid (HA) as natural mobilized organic materials compared to ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), as a common mobilized chemical agent by A. tricolor plant. The studied soils collected from Helwan, El-Gabal El-Asfar (Cairo Governorate), Arab El-Madabeg (Assiut Governorate), Egypt, and study have been conducted under pot condition. Our results revealed all organic materials in all studied soils, except EDTA in EL-Gabal El-Asfar soil, significantly increased the dry weight of the A. tricolor plant compared to the control treatment. The uptake of Pb and Zn significantly (p > 0.05) increased due to applying all organic materials to the studied soils. HA application caused the highest uptake as shown in Pb concentration by more than 5 times in Helwan soil and EDTA by 65% in El-Gabal El-Asfar soil while VSC increased it by 110% in El-Madabeg soil. Also, an increase in Zn concentration due to EDTA application was 58, 42, and 56% for Helwan, El-Gabal El-Asfar, and El-Madabeg soil, respectively. In all studied soils, the application of organic materials increased the remediation factor (RF) than the control. El-Madabeg soil treated with vinasse sugarcane gave the highest RF values; 6.40, 3.26, and 4.02% for Pb, Zn, and Cu, respectively, than the control. Thus, we identified A. tricolor as a successful ornamental candidate that, along with organic mobilization amendments, most efficiently develop soil health, reduce metal toxicity, and recommend remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils. Additionally, long-term application of organic mobilization amendments and continued growth of A. tricolor under field conditions could be recommended for future directions to confirm the results.
Mahrous Awad; M. El-Desoky; A. Ghallab; Jan Kubes; S. Abdel-Mawly; Subhan Danish; Disna Ratnasekera; Mohammad Sohidul Islam; Milan Skalicky; Marian Brestic; Alaa Baazeem; Saqer Alotaibi; Talha Javed; Rubab Shabbir; Shah Fahad; Muhammad Habib Ur Rahman; Ayman EL Sabagh. Ornamental Plant Efficiency for Heavy Metals Phytoextraction from Contaminated Soils Amended with Organic Materials. Molecules 2021, 26, 3360 .
AMA StyleMahrous Awad, M. El-Desoky, A. Ghallab, Jan Kubes, S. Abdel-Mawly, Subhan Danish, Disna Ratnasekera, Mohammad Sohidul Islam, Milan Skalicky, Marian Brestic, Alaa Baazeem, Saqer Alotaibi, Talha Javed, Rubab Shabbir, Shah Fahad, Muhammad Habib Ur Rahman, Ayman EL Sabagh. Ornamental Plant Efficiency for Heavy Metals Phytoextraction from Contaminated Soils Amended with Organic Materials. Molecules. 2021; 26 (11):3360.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMahrous Awad; M. El-Desoky; A. Ghallab; Jan Kubes; S. Abdel-Mawly; Subhan Danish; Disna Ratnasekera; Mohammad Sohidul Islam; Milan Skalicky; Marian Brestic; Alaa Baazeem; Saqer Alotaibi; Talha Javed; Rubab Shabbir; Shah Fahad; Muhammad Habib Ur Rahman; Ayman EL Sabagh. 2021. "Ornamental Plant Efficiency for Heavy Metals Phytoextraction from Contaminated Soils Amended with Organic Materials." Molecules 26, no. 11: 3360.
Lipoic acid (LA) and melatonin (MT) are pleiotropic molecules participating in plant stress resistance by modulating cellular biochemical changes, ion homeostasis, and antioxidant enzyme activities. However, the combined role of these two molecules in counteracting the detrimental impacts of salinity stress is still unknown. In the present study, we determined the effects of exogenous LA (0.5 µM), MT (1 µM) and their combination (LA + MT) on growth performance and biomass accumulation, photosynthetic pigments, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities, and ions homeostatic in canola (Brassica napus L.) seedlings under salinity stress (0, 100 mM) for 40 days. The results indicate that exogenous application of LA + MT improved the phenotypic growth (by 25 to 45%), root thickness (by 68%), number of later lateral roots (by 52%), root viability (by 44%), and root length (by 50%) under salinity stress. Moreover, total soluble protein, chlorophyll pigments, the concentration of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase peroxidase (CAT), and ascorbic peroxidase (ASA) increased with the presence of salt concentration into the growth media and then decreased with the addition of LA + MT to saline solution. Leaf protein contents and the degradation of photosynthetic pigments were lower when LA + MT treatments were added into NaCl media. The proline and phenol contents decreased in the exogenous application of LA + MT treatments more than individual LA or MT treatments under the salinity stress. The incorporation of LA or MT or a combination of LA + MT to saline solution decreased salinity-induced malondialdehyde and electrolyte leakage. In conclusion, the alteration of metabolic pathways, redox modulation, and ions homeostasis in plant tissues by the combined LA and MT application are helpful towards the adaptation of Brassica napus L. seedlings in a saline environment. The results of this study provide, for the first time, conclusive evidence about the protective role of exogenous LA + MT in canola seedlings under salinity stress.
Hafiz Javeed; Mazhar Ali; Milan Skalicky; Fahim Nawaz; Rafi Qamar; Atique Rehman; Maooz Faheem; Muhammad Mubeen; Muhammad Iqbal; Muhammad Rahman; Pavla Vachova; Marian Brestic; Alaa Baazeem; Ayman EL Sabagh. Lipoic Acid Combined with Melatonin Mitigates Oxidative Stress and Promotes Root Formation and Growth in Salt-Stressed Canola Seedlings (Brassica napus L.). Molecules 2021, 26, 3147 .
AMA StyleHafiz Javeed, Mazhar Ali, Milan Skalicky, Fahim Nawaz, Rafi Qamar, Atique Rehman, Maooz Faheem, Muhammad Mubeen, Muhammad Iqbal, Muhammad Rahman, Pavla Vachova, Marian Brestic, Alaa Baazeem, Ayman EL Sabagh. Lipoic Acid Combined with Melatonin Mitigates Oxidative Stress and Promotes Root Formation and Growth in Salt-Stressed Canola Seedlings (Brassica napus L.). Molecules. 2021; 26 (11):3147.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHafiz Javeed; Mazhar Ali; Milan Skalicky; Fahim Nawaz; Rafi Qamar; Atique Rehman; Maooz Faheem; Muhammad Mubeen; Muhammad Iqbal; Muhammad Rahman; Pavla Vachova; Marian Brestic; Alaa Baazeem; Ayman EL Sabagh. 2021. "Lipoic Acid Combined with Melatonin Mitigates Oxidative Stress and Promotes Root Formation and Growth in Salt-Stressed Canola Seedlings (Brassica napus L.)." Molecules 26, no. 11: 3147.
Genome-editing (GE) is having a tremendous influence around the globe in the life science community. Among its versatile uses, the desired modifications of genes, and more importantly the transgene (DNA)-free approach to develop genetically modified organism (GMO), are of special interest. The recent and rapid developments in genome-editing technology have given rise to hopes to achieve global food security in a sustainable manner. We here discuss recent developments in CRISPR-based genome-editing tools for crop improvement concerning adaptation, opportunities, and challenges. Some of the notable advances highlighted here include the development of transgene (DNA)-free genome plants, the availability of compatible nucleases, and the development of safe and effective CRISPR delivery vehicles for plant genome editing, multi-gene targeting and complex genome editing, base editing and prime editing to achieve more complex genetic engineering. Additionally, new avenues that facilitate fine-tuning plant gene regulation have also been addressed. In spite of the tremendous potential of CRISPR and other gene editing tools, major challenges remain. Some of the challenges are related to the practical advances required for the efficient delivery of CRISPR reagents and for precision genome editing, while others come from government policies and public acceptance. This review will therefore be helpful to gain insights into technological advances, its applications, and future challenges for crop improvement.
Muntazir Mushtaq; Aejaz Ahmad Dar; Milan Skalicky; Anshika Tyagi; Nancy Bhagat; Umer Basu; Basharat Bhat; Abbu Zaid; Sajad Ali; Tanvir-Ul-Hassan Dar; Gyanendra Rai; Shabir Wani; Muhammad Habib-Ur-Rahman; Vaclav Hejnak; Pavla Vachova; Marian Brestic; Arzu Çığ; Fatih Çığ; Murat Erman; Ayman EL Sabagh. CRISPR-Based Genome Editing Tools: Insights into Technological Breakthroughs and Future Challenges. Genes 2021, 12, 797 .
AMA StyleMuntazir Mushtaq, Aejaz Ahmad Dar, Milan Skalicky, Anshika Tyagi, Nancy Bhagat, Umer Basu, Basharat Bhat, Abbu Zaid, Sajad Ali, Tanvir-Ul-Hassan Dar, Gyanendra Rai, Shabir Wani, Muhammad Habib-Ur-Rahman, Vaclav Hejnak, Pavla Vachova, Marian Brestic, Arzu Çığ, Fatih Çığ, Murat Erman, Ayman EL Sabagh. CRISPR-Based Genome Editing Tools: Insights into Technological Breakthroughs and Future Challenges. Genes. 2021; 12 (6):797.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuntazir Mushtaq; Aejaz Ahmad Dar; Milan Skalicky; Anshika Tyagi; Nancy Bhagat; Umer Basu; Basharat Bhat; Abbu Zaid; Sajad Ali; Tanvir-Ul-Hassan Dar; Gyanendra Rai; Shabir Wani; Muhammad Habib-Ur-Rahman; Vaclav Hejnak; Pavla Vachova; Marian Brestic; Arzu Çığ; Fatih Çığ; Murat Erman; Ayman EL Sabagh. 2021. "CRISPR-Based Genome Editing Tools: Insights into Technological Breakthroughs and Future Challenges." Genes 12, no. 6: 797.
The changing climate and global warming have rendered existing surface water insufficient, which is projected to adversely influence the irrigated farming systems globally. Consequently, groundwater demand has increased significantly owing to increasing population and demand for plant-based foods especially in South Asia and Pakistan. This study aimed to determine the potential areas for groundwater use for agriculture sector development in the study area Lower Dir District. ArcGIS 10.4 was utilized for geospatial analysis, which is referred to as Multi Influencing Factor (MIF) methodology. Seven parameters including land cover, geology, soil, rainfall, underground faults (liniment) density, drainage density, and slope, were utilized for delineation purpose. Considering relative significance and influence of each parameter in the groundwater recharge rating and weightage was given and potential groundwater areas were classified into very high, high, good, and poor. The result of classification disclosed that the areas of 113.10, 659.38, 674.68, and 124.17 km2 had very high, high, good, and poor potential for groundwater agricultural uses, respectively. Field surveys for water table indicated groundwater potentiality, which was high for Kotkay and Lalqila union councils having shallow water table. However, groundwater potentiality was poor in Zimdara, Khal, and Talash, characterized with a very deep water table. Moreover, the study effectively revealed that remote sensing and GIS could be developed as potent tools for mapping potential sites for groundwater utilization. Furthermore, MIF technique could be a suitable approach for delineation of groundwater potential zone, which can be applied for further research in different areas.
Abid Sarwar; Sajid Ahmad; Muhammad Rehmani; Muhammad Asif Javid; Shazia Gulzar; Muhammad Shehzad; Javeed Shabbir Dar; Alaa Baazeem; Muhammad Iqbal; Muhammad Rahman; Milan Skalicky; Marian Brestic; Ayman EL Sabagh. Mapping Groundwater Potential for Irrigation, by Geographical Information System and Remote Sensing Techniques: A Case Study of District Lower Dir, Pakistan. Atmosphere 2021, 12, 669 .
AMA StyleAbid Sarwar, Sajid Ahmad, Muhammad Rehmani, Muhammad Asif Javid, Shazia Gulzar, Muhammad Shehzad, Javeed Shabbir Dar, Alaa Baazeem, Muhammad Iqbal, Muhammad Rahman, Milan Skalicky, Marian Brestic, Ayman EL Sabagh. Mapping Groundwater Potential for Irrigation, by Geographical Information System and Remote Sensing Techniques: A Case Study of District Lower Dir, Pakistan. Atmosphere. 2021; 12 (6):669.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbid Sarwar; Sajid Ahmad; Muhammad Rehmani; Muhammad Asif Javid; Shazia Gulzar; Muhammad Shehzad; Javeed Shabbir Dar; Alaa Baazeem; Muhammad Iqbal; Muhammad Rahman; Milan Skalicky; Marian Brestic; Ayman EL Sabagh. 2021. "Mapping Groundwater Potential for Irrigation, by Geographical Information System and Remote Sensing Techniques: A Case Study of District Lower Dir, Pakistan." Atmosphere 12, no. 6: 669.
Nitrogen (N) losses are prevalent under South East Asia’s due to high N fertilizer inputs, but low N fertilizer use efficiency. This leaves a large quantity of reactive N at risk of loss to the environment. Biochar has been found to reduce N losses across a variety of soil types, however, there is limited data available for semi-arid climates, particularly at a field-scale. Herein we present an exploration of the biological and chemical enhancement effects observed of a cotton stalk-based biochar on wheat growth and yield under arid field conditions. The biochar was treated with urea-N and biofertilizer (bio-power) in different treatment setups. The six experimental treatments included; (i) a full N dose “recommended for wheat crops in the region” (104 kg N ha−1) as a positive control; (ii) a half N dose (52 kg N ha−1); (iii) a half N dose + biofertilizer (4.94 kg ha−1) as a soil mixture; (iv) a half N dose + biofertilizer as a seed inoculation; (v) a full N dose as broadcast + biochar (5 t ha−1) inoculated with biofertilizer; and (vi) a full N dose loaded on biochar + biofertilizer applied as a soil mixture. The half dose N application or biofertilizer addition as soil mix/seed inoculated/biochar inoculation with biofertilizer caused reduced wheat growth and yield compared to the control (conventional N fertilization). However, co-application of chemically enhanced biochar (loaded with a full N dose) and biofertilizer as soil mixture significantly increased the crop growth rate (CGR) and leaf area index (LAI). A significantly higher crop growth and canopy development led to a higher light interception and radiation use efficiency (RUE) for total dry matter (TDM) and grain yield (11% greater than control) production compared to the control. A greater grain yield, observed for the full N dose loaded on biochar + biofertilizer applied as a soil mixture, is attributed to prolonged N availability as indicated by greater plant and soil N content at harvest and different crop growth stages, respectively. The present study has improved our understanding of how the application of nitrogen loaded biochar and biofertilizer as soil mixtures can synergize to positively affect wheat growth and soil-nitrogen retention under arid environmental conditions.
Zarmeena Khan; Muhammad Rahman; Ghulam Haider; Rabia Amir; Rao Ikram; Shakeel Ahmad; Hannah Schofield; Bilal Riaz; Rashid Iqbal; Shah Fahad; Rahul Datta; Alaa Baazeem; Ayman Sabagh; Subhan Danish. Chemical and Biological Enhancement Effects of Biochar on Wheat Growth and Yield under Arid Field Conditions. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5890 .
AMA StyleZarmeena Khan, Muhammad Rahman, Ghulam Haider, Rabia Amir, Rao Ikram, Shakeel Ahmad, Hannah Schofield, Bilal Riaz, Rashid Iqbal, Shah Fahad, Rahul Datta, Alaa Baazeem, Ayman Sabagh, Subhan Danish. Chemical and Biological Enhancement Effects of Biochar on Wheat Growth and Yield under Arid Field Conditions. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (11):5890.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZarmeena Khan; Muhammad Rahman; Ghulam Haider; Rabia Amir; Rao Ikram; Shakeel Ahmad; Hannah Schofield; Bilal Riaz; Rashid Iqbal; Shah Fahad; Rahul Datta; Alaa Baazeem; Ayman Sabagh; Subhan Danish. 2021. "Chemical and Biological Enhancement Effects of Biochar on Wheat Growth and Yield under Arid Field Conditions." Sustainability 13, no. 11: 5890.
Changing climates and frequent spells of drought have increased the risk of crop failure, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, thus multiplying the vulnerability of food-insecure populations. The exogenous application of potassium (K) can potentially ameliorate the adverse effects of drought in maize by maintaining cell osmotic potential and turgidity, provided its optimum doses are applied. The present experiment comprised two maize cultivars, viz. Islamabad Gold (drought tolerant) and Azam (drought susceptible), grown under well-watered (80% water-holding capacity (WHC)), mild drought (60% WHC) and severe drought (40% WHC) conditions. Different doses of K, viz. 0%, 1% and 2%, were also tested to screen out the most superior concentration. Drought stress markedly reduced root and shoot lengths (25% and 16%, respectively) along with their dry weights (20% and 10%, respectively). Moreover, a substantial reduction in leaf relative water content (RWC) (24%), stomatal conductance, transpiration and photosynthesis rates, chlorophyll pigments a, b and total chlorophyll contents (31%) were recorded, compared with well-watered conditions. However, foliar application of K2SO4 at 2% concentration outperformed other doses by improving growth attributes, RWC (10%), total chlorophyll (9%) and proline (12%) under severe drought conditions. Our findings confirmed the effectiveness of foliage-applied K2SO4 in ameliorating drought effects in rainfed maize; however, more doses and sources of K could be tested for developing it as a potent source to cope with water stress.
Allah Wasaya; Muhammad Affan; Tauqeer Ahmad Yasir; Atique- Ur- Rehman; Khuram Mubeen; Haseeb Rehman; Muqarrab Ali; Farukh Nawaz; Ahmed Galal; Muhammad Iqbal; Mohammad Islam; Mohamed El-Sharnouby; Muhammad Rahman; Ayman EL Sabagh. Foliar Potassium Sulfate Application Improved Photosynthetic Characteristics, Water Relations and Seedling Growth of Drought-Stressed Maize. Atmosphere 2021, 12, 663 .
AMA StyleAllah Wasaya, Muhammad Affan, Tauqeer Ahmad Yasir, Atique- Ur- Rehman, Khuram Mubeen, Haseeb Rehman, Muqarrab Ali, Farukh Nawaz, Ahmed Galal, Muhammad Iqbal, Mohammad Islam, Mohamed El-Sharnouby, Muhammad Rahman, Ayman EL Sabagh. Foliar Potassium Sulfate Application Improved Photosynthetic Characteristics, Water Relations and Seedling Growth of Drought-Stressed Maize. Atmosphere. 2021; 12 (6):663.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAllah Wasaya; Muhammad Affan; Tauqeer Ahmad Yasir; Atique- Ur- Rehman; Khuram Mubeen; Haseeb Rehman; Muqarrab Ali; Farukh Nawaz; Ahmed Galal; Muhammad Iqbal; Mohammad Islam; Mohamed El-Sharnouby; Muhammad Rahman; Ayman EL Sabagh. 2021. "Foliar Potassium Sulfate Application Improved Photosynthetic Characteristics, Water Relations and Seedling Growth of Drought-Stressed Maize." Atmosphere 12, no. 6: 663.
Traditional consumption-based approaches seek to embed emissions from industrial production into different categories of final demand, with or without capital formation endogenization. However, not many studies have considered estimating final consumer embedded emissions, which can be calculated by endogenizing all final demand categories except for final consumers. Endogenization refers to the process of converting a final demand category to an intermediate industrial producer. In addition, this lack of literature has also led to a lack of focus on final consumer embedded carbon externalities. Here the authors modify the input-output model to endogenize additional final demand categories and develop a method for presenting final consumer embedded net carbon externalities. The findings show that the endogenization of both capital formation and final imports increased the Chinese household carbon footprint by 33%. While endogenizing these two final demand categories increased the carbon footprint of the Chinese government by 14%. The Chinese government imposed net carbon externality on Chinese households by consuming products of thirteen different sectors. Urban households levied net carbon externality on rural households by end-use of all sectors. This presentation of final consumer embedded emissions provides the final consumer's actual carbon footprint from all sources. In addition, presenting net embedded carbon externalities can help develop a more effective and fair mechanism for assigning responsibility for embedded emissions between different types of end-users.
Muhammad Jawad Sajid; Honglei Niu; Zijing Liang; Jing Xie; Muhammad Habib Ur Rahman. Final consumer embedded carbon emissions and externalities: A case of Chinese consumers. Environmental Development 2021, 39, 100642 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Jawad Sajid, Honglei Niu, Zijing Liang, Jing Xie, Muhammad Habib Ur Rahman. Final consumer embedded carbon emissions and externalities: A case of Chinese consumers. Environmental Development. 2021; 39 ():100642.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Jawad Sajid; Honglei Niu; Zijing Liang; Jing Xie; Muhammad Habib Ur Rahman. 2021. "Final consumer embedded carbon emissions and externalities: A case of Chinese consumers." Environmental Development 39, no. : 100642.
Information on soil erosion and related sedimentation processes are very important for natural resource management and sustainable farming. Plenty of models are available for studying soil erosion but only a few are suitable for dynamic soil erosion assessments at the field-scale. To date, there are no field-scale dynamic models available considering complex agricultural systems for the simulation of soil erosion. We conducted a review of 51 different models evaluated based on their representation of the processes of soil erosion by water. Secondly, we consider their suitability for assessing soil erosion for more complex field designs, such as patch cropping, strip cropping and agroforestry (alley-cropping systems) and other land management practices. Several models allow daily soil erosion assessments at the sub-field scale, such as EPIC, PERFECT, GUEST, EPM, TCRP, SLEMSA, APSIM, RillGrow, WaNuLCAS, SCUAF, and CREAMS. However, further model development is needed with respect to the interaction of components, i.e., rainfall intensity, overland flow, crop cover, and their scaling limitations. A particular shortcoming of most of the existing field scale models is their one-dimensional nature. We further suggest that platforms with modular structure, such as SIMPLACE and APSIM, offer the possibility to integrate soil erosion as a separate module/component and link to GIS capabilities, and are more flexible to simulate fluxes of matter in the 2D/3D dimensions. Since models operating at daily scales often do not consider a horizontal transfer of matter, such modeling platforms can link erosion components with other environmental components to provide robust estimations of the three-dimensional fluxes and sedimentation processes occurring during soil erosion events.
Ahsan Raza; Hella Ahrends; Muhammad Habib-Ur-Rahman; Thomas Gaiser. Modeling Approaches to Assess Soil Erosion by Water at the Field Scale with Special Emphasis on Heterogeneity of Soils and Crops. Land 2021, 10, 422 .
AMA StyleAhsan Raza, Hella Ahrends, Muhammad Habib-Ur-Rahman, Thomas Gaiser. Modeling Approaches to Assess Soil Erosion by Water at the Field Scale with Special Emphasis on Heterogeneity of Soils and Crops. Land. 2021; 10 (4):422.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAhsan Raza; Hella Ahrends; Muhammad Habib-Ur-Rahman; Thomas Gaiser. 2021. "Modeling Approaches to Assess Soil Erosion by Water at the Field Scale with Special Emphasis on Heterogeneity of Soils and Crops." Land 10, no. 4: 422.
Higher demands of food led to higher nitrogen application to promote cropping intensification and produce more which may have negative effects on the environment and lead to pollution. While sustainable wheat production is under threat due to low soil fertility and organic matter due to nutrient degradation at high temperatures in the region. The current research explores the effects of different types of coated urea fertilizers and their rates on wheat crop under arid climatic conditions of Pakistan. Enhancing nitrogen use efficiency by using eco-friendly coated urea products could benefit growers and reduce environmental negative effects. A trial treatment included N rates (130, 117, 104, and 94 kg ha-1) and coated urea sources (neem coated, sulfur coated, bioactive sulfur coated) applied with equal quantity following split application method at sowing, 20 and 60 days after sowing (DAS). The research was arranged in a split-plot design with randomized complete block design had three replicates. Data revealed that bioactive sulfur coated urea with the application of 130 kg N ha-1 increased chlorophyll contents 55.0 (unit value), net leaf photosynthetic rate (12.51 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1), and leaf area index (5.67) significantly. Furthermore, research elucidates that bioactive sulfur urea with the same N increased partial factor productivity (43.85 Kg grain Kg-1 N supplied), nitrogen harvest index (NHI) 64.70%, and partial nutrient balance (1.41 Kg grain N content Kg-1 N supplied). The neem-coated and sulfur-coated fertilizers also showed better results than monotypic urea. The wheat growth and phenology significantly improved by using coated fertilizers. The crop reached maturity earlier with the application of bioactive sulfur-coated urea than others. Maximum total dry matter 14402 (kg ha-1) recorded with 130 kg N ha-1application. Higher 1000-grain weight (33.66 g), more number of grains per spike (53.67), grain yield (4457 kg ha-1), and harvest index (34.29%) were obtained with optimum N application 130 kg ha-1 (recommended). There is a significant correlation observed for growth, yield, and physiological parameters with N in the soil while nitrogen-related indices are also positively correlated. The major problem of groundwater contamination with nitrate leaching is also reduced by using coated fertilizers. Minimum nitrate concentration (7.37 and 8.77 kg ha-1) was observed with the application of bioactive sulfur-coated and sulfur-coated urea with lower N (94 kg ha-1), respectively. The bioactive sulfur-coated urea with the application of 130 kg N ha-1 showed maximum phosphorus 5.45 mg kg-1 and potassium 100.67 mg kg-1 in the soil. Maximum nitrogen uptake (88.20 kg ha-1) is showed by bioactive sulfur coated urea with 130 kg N ha-1 application. The total available NPK concentrations in soil showed a significant correlation with physiological attributes; grain yield; harvest index; and nitrogen use efficiency components, i.e., partial factor productivity, partial nutrient balance, and nitrogen harvest index. This research reveals that coating urea with secondary nutrients, neem oil, and microbes are highly effective techniques for enhancing fertilizer use efficiency and wheat production in calcareous soils and reduced N losses under arid environments.
Iqra Ghafoor; Muhammad Habib-Ur-Rahman; Muqarrab Ali; Muhammad Afzal; Wazir Ahmed; Thomas Gaiser; Abdul Ghaffar. Slow-release nitrogen fertilizers enhance growth, yield, NUE in wheat crop and reduce nitrogen losses under an arid environment. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2021, 28, 43528 -43543.
AMA StyleIqra Ghafoor, Muhammad Habib-Ur-Rahman, Muqarrab Ali, Muhammad Afzal, Wazir Ahmed, Thomas Gaiser, Abdul Ghaffar. Slow-release nitrogen fertilizers enhance growth, yield, NUE in wheat crop and reduce nitrogen losses under an arid environment. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2021; 28 (32):43528-43543.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIqra Ghafoor; Muhammad Habib-Ur-Rahman; Muqarrab Ali; Muhammad Afzal; Wazir Ahmed; Thomas Gaiser; Abdul Ghaffar. 2021. "Slow-release nitrogen fertilizers enhance growth, yield, NUE in wheat crop and reduce nitrogen losses under an arid environment." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28, no. 32: 43528-43543.
Drought poses a serious threat to oilseed crops by lowering yield and crop failures under prolonged spells. A multi-year field investigation was conducted to enhance the drought tolerance in four genotypes of Camelina and canola by selenium (Se) application. The principal aim of the research was to optimize the crop yield by eliciting the physio-biochemical attributes by alleviating the adverse effects of drought stress. Both crops were cultivated under control (normal irrigation) and drought stress (skipping irrigation at stages i.e., vegetative and reproductive) conditions. Four different treatments of Se viz., seed priming with Se (75 μM), foliar application of Se (7.06 μM), foliar application of Se + Seed priming with Se (7.06 μM and 75 μM, respectively) and control (without Se), were implemented at the vegetative and reproductive stages of both crops. Sodium selenite (Na2SeO3), an inorganic compound was used as Se sources for both seed priming and foliar application. Data regarding physiochemical, antioxidants, and yield components were recorded as response variables at crop maturity. Results indicated that WP, OP, TP, proline, TSS, TFAA, TPr, TS, total chlorophyll contents, osmoprotectant (GB, anthocyanin, TPC, and flavonoids), antioxidants (APX, SOD, POD, and CAT), and yield components (number of branches per plant, thousand seed weight, seed, and biological yields were significantly improved by foliar Se + priming Se in both crops under drought stress. Moreover, this treatment was also helpful in boosting yield attributes under irrigated (non-stress) conditions. Camelina genotypes responded better to Se application as seed priming and foliar spray than canola for both years. It has concluded that Se application (either foliar or priming) can potentially alleviate adverse effects of drought stress in camelina and canola by eliciting various physio-biochemicals attributes under drought stress. Furthermore, Se application was also helpful for crop health under irrigated condition.
Zahoor Ahmad; Shazia Anjum; Milan Skalicky; Ejaz Waraich; Rana Muhammad Sabir Tariq; Muhammad Ayub; Akbar Hossain; Mohamed Hassan; Marian Brestic; Mohammad Sohidul Islam; Muhammad Habib-Ur-Rahman; Allah Wasaya; Muhammad Aamir Iqbal; Ayman EL Sabagh. Selenium Alleviates the Adverse Effect of Drought in Oilseed Crops Camelina (Camelina sativa L.) and Canola (Brassica napus L.). Molecules 2021, 26, 1699 .
AMA StyleZahoor Ahmad, Shazia Anjum, Milan Skalicky, Ejaz Waraich, Rana Muhammad Sabir Tariq, Muhammad Ayub, Akbar Hossain, Mohamed Hassan, Marian Brestic, Mohammad Sohidul Islam, Muhammad Habib-Ur-Rahman, Allah Wasaya, Muhammad Aamir Iqbal, Ayman EL Sabagh. Selenium Alleviates the Adverse Effect of Drought in Oilseed Crops Camelina (Camelina sativa L.) and Canola (Brassica napus L.). Molecules. 2021; 26 (6):1699.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZahoor Ahmad; Shazia Anjum; Milan Skalicky; Ejaz Waraich; Rana Muhammad Sabir Tariq; Muhammad Ayub; Akbar Hossain; Mohamed Hassan; Marian Brestic; Mohammad Sohidul Islam; Muhammad Habib-Ur-Rahman; Allah Wasaya; Muhammad Aamir Iqbal; Ayman EL Sabagh. 2021. "Selenium Alleviates the Adverse Effect of Drought in Oilseed Crops Camelina (Camelina sativa L.) and Canola (Brassica napus L.)." Molecules 26, no. 6: 1699.
Information on field scale soil erosion and related sedimentation process is very important for natural resource management and sustainable farming. Plenty of models are available for study of these processes but only a few are suitable for dynamic small scale soil erosion assessments. The available models vary greatly in terms of their input requirements, analysis capabilities, process [t1] complexities, spatial and temporal scale of their intended use, practicality, the manner they represent the processes, and the type of output information they provide. The study aims in examining, theoretically, 51 models classified as physical, conceptual, and empirical based on their representation of the processes of soil erosion. The literature review shows that there is no specific model available for soil erosion prediction under agroforestry systems. It is further suggested that models like EPIC, PERFECT, GUEST, EPM, TCRP, SLEMSA, APSIM, RillGrow, and CREAMS can be potentially used for soil erosion assessment at plot/field scale at daily time steps. Most of these models are capable to simulate the soil erosion process at small scale; further model development is needed regarding their limitations with respect to components interaction i.e., rainfall intensity, overland flow, crop cover, and their difficulties in upscaling. The research suggested that SIMPLACE network can provide modules with LintulBiomass, HillFlow, Runoff to develop new dynamic components to simulate overland flow and soil erosion incorporating improved upscaling capabilities
Ahsan Raza; Thomas Gaiser; Muhammad Habib-Ur-Rahman; Hella Ahrends. Erosion and sediment transport models with reference to the needs of small scale. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleAhsan Raza, Thomas Gaiser, Muhammad Habib-Ur-Rahman, Hella Ahrends. Erosion and sediment transport models with reference to the needs of small scale. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAhsan Raza; Thomas Gaiser; Muhammad Habib-Ur-Rahman; Hella Ahrends. 2021. "Erosion and sediment transport models with reference to the needs of small scale." , no. : 1.
To mitigate environmental pollution and food contamination caused by inappropriate and excessive herbicide usage, most potent herbicides should be screened to control rice weeds. A research trial was executed for assessing the comparative efficacy of different herbicides to control rice field weeds and to evaluate the toxicity on rice under normal (distilled water) as well as different salinity levels (4 and 8 dS m−1). The study was designed to select the most potent herbicide and its appropriate dose for weed control of rice crop in coastal areas. Fourteen herbicidal treatments were included weed free crop, Pretilachlor (0.25, 0.50, 0.375 and 0.75 kg a.i. ha−1), Propanil + Thiobencarb (0.6 + 1.2, 0.9 + 1.8, 1.2 + 2.4 and 1.8 + 3.6 kg a.i. ha−1), Bensulfuron + MCPA (0.03 + 0.05, 0.045 + 0.075, 0.06 + 0.1 and 0.09 + 0.15 kg a.i. ha−1) and weedy check (control). The results revealed that all tested herbicides in higher than recommended doses for non-saline rice fields were effective in controlling Cyperus iria, Echinochloa colona (salt-tolerant) and Jussiaea linifolia but showed in light injury in rice plants grown in non-saline soils. These higher doses of herbicides recorded severe crop injury under saline conditions indicating their differential efficacy from normal non-saline conditions. Treatments including Pretilachlor (0.375kg a.i. ha−1), Propanil + Thiobencarb (0.9 + 1.8 kg ai/ha), Bensulfuron + MCPA (0.06 + 0.1 kg a.i. ha−1) and Pretilachlor (0.50 kg a.i. ha−1) remained superior in terms of weed control and grain yield production under all salinitylevels at TanjungKarang, Malaysia. It is concluded that herbicides respond differently under saline conditions and optimization of their doses potentially prevent herbicidal injury in rice plants.
Mohammad Hakim; Abdul Juraimi; S. Karim; Mohammad Khan; Mohammad Islam; M. Choudhury; Walid Soufan; Hesham Alharby; Atif Bamagoos; Muhammad Iqbal; Frantisek Hnilicka; Jan Kubes; Muhammad Habib Ur Rahman; Shah Saud; Mohamed Hassan; Ayman EL Sabagh. Effectiveness of Herbicide to Control Rice Weeds in Diverse Saline Environments. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2053 .
AMA StyleMohammad Hakim, Abdul Juraimi, S. Karim, Mohammad Khan, Mohammad Islam, M. Choudhury, Walid Soufan, Hesham Alharby, Atif Bamagoos, Muhammad Iqbal, Frantisek Hnilicka, Jan Kubes, Muhammad Habib Ur Rahman, Shah Saud, Mohamed Hassan, Ayman EL Sabagh. Effectiveness of Herbicide to Control Rice Weeds in Diverse Saline Environments. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (4):2053.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammad Hakim; Abdul Juraimi; S. Karim; Mohammad Khan; Mohammad Islam; M. Choudhury; Walid Soufan; Hesham Alharby; Atif Bamagoos; Muhammad Iqbal; Frantisek Hnilicka; Jan Kubes; Muhammad Habib Ur Rahman; Shah Saud; Mohamed Hassan; Ayman EL Sabagh. 2021. "Effectiveness of Herbicide to Control Rice Weeds in Diverse Saline Environments." Sustainability 13, no. 4: 2053.
Nitrogen and sulphur are fundamental macronutrients for the production of sunflower crop. Nitrogen is required consistently in larger amounts for sunflower production while common urea has more losses due to high solubility. On the other hand, sulphur application increases oil contents and availability of other essential nutrients (N, P, and K). Therefore, combined application of polymer coated urea with sulphur fertilization might be a promising option which can increase achene yield, oil contents, and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). However, no particular studies have been conducted to explore the main and interactive effects of polymer coated urea and sulphur fertilization on growth, physiology, yield, oil contents, and NUE under arid field conditions. Hence, the current field experiment consisted of two nitrogen fertilizers [polymer coated urea (PCU) and common urea (CU)] and three sulphur fertilizer rates [S0 (0), S1 (30) and S2 (60) kg ha−1)] in a split-plot arrangement under randomized complete block design (RCBD) during spring season of 2019 and 2020. Experimental results revealed that growth, physiology, yield, oil contents, and NUE of sunflower crop were significantly improved with the application of nitrogen fertilizers, sulphur fertilizer rates, and their interaction. Meanwhile, NUE, achene yield and oil contents were increased by 16.0–17.2%, 16.5–17.0%, and 2.96–3.19% respectively with the application of PCU compared with CU. Furthermore, NUE, achene yield and oil contents were also increased by 12.8–13.3%, 13.1–13.7%, and 10.7–10.9%, respectively, due to sulphur fertilization of 60 kg ha−1compared with no sulphur application. Similarly, NUE, achene yield, and oil contents were increased by 32.9–39.5%, 31.7–32.6%, and 13.1–13.2% respectively with the application of PCU in combination with sulphur fertilization of 60 kg ha−1compared with CU × S0, which also evidenced a clear and positive interaction between nitrogen and sulphur. Conclusively, PCU (130 kg ha−1) in combination with sulphur fertilization of 60 kg ha−1 is promising option for obtaining higher achene yield, oil contents, and NUE for sunflower crop under arid environment, and hence, it might be a good agronomic adaptation strategy for sustainable production of sunflower.
Sonia Perveen; Saeed Ahmad; Milan Skalicky; Ijaz Hussain; Muhammad Habibur-Rahman; Abdul Ghaffar; Muhammad Shafqat Bashir; Maria Batool; Montaser Hassan; Marian Brestic; Shah Fahad; Ayman El Sabagh. Assessing the Potential of Polymer Coated Urea and Sulphur Fertilization on Growth, Physiology, Yield, Oil Contents and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Sunflower Crop under Arid Environment. Agronomy 2021, 11, 269 .
AMA StyleSonia Perveen, Saeed Ahmad, Milan Skalicky, Ijaz Hussain, Muhammad Habibur-Rahman, Abdul Ghaffar, Muhammad Shafqat Bashir, Maria Batool, Montaser Hassan, Marian Brestic, Shah Fahad, Ayman El Sabagh. Assessing the Potential of Polymer Coated Urea and Sulphur Fertilization on Growth, Physiology, Yield, Oil Contents and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Sunflower Crop under Arid Environment. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (2):269.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSonia Perveen; Saeed Ahmad; Milan Skalicky; Ijaz Hussain; Muhammad Habibur-Rahman; Abdul Ghaffar; Muhammad Shafqat Bashir; Maria Batool; Montaser Hassan; Marian Brestic; Shah Fahad; Ayman El Sabagh. 2021. "Assessing the Potential of Polymer Coated Urea and Sulphur Fertilization on Growth, Physiology, Yield, Oil Contents and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Sunflower Crop under Arid Environment." Agronomy 11, no. 2: 269.
Year to year change in weather poses serious threats to agriculture globally, especially in developing countries. Global climate models simulate an increase in global temperature between 2.9 to 5.5 °C till 2060, and crop production is highly vulnerable to climate warming trends. Extreme temperature causes a significant reduction in crop yields by negatively regulating the crop phenology. Therefore, to evaluate warming impact on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production and management practices, we quantified agrometeorological data of 30 years by applying multiple crop modelling tools to compute the expected rise in temperature, impact of crop phenology, yield loss, provision of agrometeorology-services, agronomic technologies, and adaptation to climate-smart agriculture. Model projections of 15 agrometeorology stations showed that the growing duration of the sowing-boll opening and sowing-harvesting stages was reduced by 2.30 to 5.66 days decade−1 and 4.23 days decade−1, respectively, in Pakistan. Temperature rise in China also advanced the planting dates, sowing emergence, 3–5 leaves, budding anthesis, full-bloom, cleft-boll, boll-opening, and boll-opening filling by 24.4, 26.2, 24.8, 23.3, 22.6, 15.8, 14.6, 5.4, 2.9, and 8.0 days. Furthermore, present findings exhibited that the warming effect of sowing-harvest time was observed 2.16 days premature, and delayed for 8.2, 2.4, and 5.3 days in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s in China. APSIM-cotton quantification revealed that the sowing, emergence, flowering, and maturity stages were negatively correlated with temperature −2.03, −1.93, −1.09, and −0.42 days °C−1 on average, respectively. This study also provided insight into the adaptation of smart and better cotton by improving agrotechnological services.
Adnan Arshad; Muhammad Raza; Yue Zhang; Lizhen Zhang; Xuejiao Wang; Mukhtar Ahmed; Muhammad Habib-Ur-Rehman. Impact of Climate Warming on Cotton Growth and Yields in China and Pakistan: A Regional Perspective. Agriculture 2021, 11, 97 .
AMA StyleAdnan Arshad, Muhammad Raza, Yue Zhang, Lizhen Zhang, Xuejiao Wang, Mukhtar Ahmed, Muhammad Habib-Ur-Rehman. Impact of Climate Warming on Cotton Growth and Yields in China and Pakistan: A Regional Perspective. Agriculture. 2021; 11 (2):97.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdnan Arshad; Muhammad Raza; Yue Zhang; Lizhen Zhang; Xuejiao Wang; Mukhtar Ahmed; Muhammad Habib-Ur-Rehman. 2021. "Impact of Climate Warming on Cotton Growth and Yields in China and Pakistan: A Regional Perspective." Agriculture 11, no. 2: 97.
Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is one of the major fiber crops. Its production is under threat due to scarcity of water resources under a changing climatic scenario. Limited water availability also decreases the uptake of phosphorus, and less uptake of phosphorus can deteriorate the quality attributes of cotton fiber. There is a need to introduce bio-organic amendments which can mitigate osmotic stress on a sustainable basis. Inoculation of rhizobacteria can play an imperative role in this regard. Rhizobacteria can not only improve the growth of roots but also enhance the availability of immobile phosphorus in soil. That is why the current experiment was conducted to explore and compare the efficacy of sole application of diammonium phosphate (DAP) over plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB) coated DAP on growth and quality attributes of cotton under artificially induced osmotic stress at flowering stage. The impact of phosphorus levels was found to be significant on the plant height, leaf area, average boll weight, stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate, and seed cotton yield, while the irrigation effect was significant on all the parameters. The PGPR coated phosphorus performed better as compared to other treatments under normal irrigation and osmotic stress. Results showed that PGPR coated phosphorus increased by 29.47%, 21.01%, 41.11%, 32.73%, 15.63% and 22.89% plant height, average boll weight, stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate, fiber length, and seed cotton yield respectively. In conclusion, PGPR coated DAP can be helpful to get higher cotton productivity as compared to control and sole application of DAP under normal irrigation and osmotic stress.
Muhammad Majid; Muqarrab Ali; Khurram Shahzad; Fiaz Ahmad; Rao Ikram; Muhammad Ishtiaq; Ibrahim Alaraidh; Abdulrahman Al-Hashimi; Hayssam Ali; Tayebeh Zarei; Rahul Datta; Shah Fahad; Ayman El Sabagh; Ghulam Hussain; Mohamed Salem; Muhammad Habib-Ur-Rahman; Subhan Danish. Mitigation of Osmotic Stress in Cotton for the Improvement in Growth and Yield through Inoculation of Rhizobacteria and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria Coated Diammonium Phosphate. Sustainability 2020, 12, 10456 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Majid, Muqarrab Ali, Khurram Shahzad, Fiaz Ahmad, Rao Ikram, Muhammad Ishtiaq, Ibrahim Alaraidh, Abdulrahman Al-Hashimi, Hayssam Ali, Tayebeh Zarei, Rahul Datta, Shah Fahad, Ayman El Sabagh, Ghulam Hussain, Mohamed Salem, Muhammad Habib-Ur-Rahman, Subhan Danish. Mitigation of Osmotic Stress in Cotton for the Improvement in Growth and Yield through Inoculation of Rhizobacteria and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria Coated Diammonium Phosphate. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (24):10456.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Majid; Muqarrab Ali; Khurram Shahzad; Fiaz Ahmad; Rao Ikram; Muhammad Ishtiaq; Ibrahim Alaraidh; Abdulrahman Al-Hashimi; Hayssam Ali; Tayebeh Zarei; Rahul Datta; Shah Fahad; Ayman El Sabagh; Ghulam Hussain; Mohamed Salem; Muhammad Habib-Ur-Rahman; Subhan Danish. 2020. "Mitigation of Osmotic Stress in Cotton for the Improvement in Growth and Yield through Inoculation of Rhizobacteria and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria Coated Diammonium Phosphate." Sustainability 12, no. 24: 10456.
| Sunflower is a new emerging oilseed crop in Pakistan. Its oil is recommended for use across the globe including Pakistan. Due to lower production of indigenous edible oil, a huge quantity is imported which has a negative effect on the economy. To reduce the import expenses and meet country’s demand, there is a need to increase area under oilseed crops without disturbing the cropping systems. Climate variability is another emerging threat for current production and cropping systems especially in south regions of Pakistan having high arid climatic conditions. A study was conducted in South Punjab (30°1575 N, 71°5249 E) to evaluate the performance of sunflower production systems (nursery transplanted and direct seeded) and sulphur foliar spray (0, 50, 100 and 150 ppm) on sunflower in a randomized complete block, with split plots arrangement. Results revealed that tallest plant (175 cm) with maximum number of leaves (32.7) recorded with the application of foliar sulphur spray (150 ppm). Similarly, sunflower produced maximum head diameter (18.0 cm), number of achenes per head (1510), 1000-achene weight (55.7 g) resulted in higher achene yield (2225 kg ha-1) including oil contents (38.7%) with foliar sulphur spray of 150 ppm. The nursery transplanted production system, however, produced the highest number of achenes per head (1466), head diameter (17.4 cm), 1000-achene weight (54.4 g), achene yield (2305 kg ha-1), biological yield (9183 kg ha-1) and oil contents (37.4%) in comparison to direct seeded sunflower. Interaction of sunflower production systems and foliar sulphur levels indicated that nursery transplanted sunflower produced highest number of achenes per head (1567), head diameter (18.3 cm), 1000-achene weight (57.6 g), achene yield (2495 kg ha-1) and biological yield (9454 kg ha-1) in comparison to direct seeded sunflower with foliar sulphur spray of 150 ppm. The nursery transplanted sunflower showed higher net benefits and benefit to cost ratio and 16 days early maturity than direct seeded sunflower, which ultimately provide optimum time for cotton crop sowing in cotton-sunflower cropping system. It is concluded that sunflower has to be shifted through nursery transplanted production system in field to achieve the highest achene yield with achene oil content which also ensures timely sowing of cotton crop for effective use of field under cotton-sunflower cropping system.
Saeed Ahmad; Abdul Ghaffar; Muhammad Habib Ur Rahman; Tanveer-Ul- Haq; Mahmood Alam Khan; Arshad Mahmood. Evaluation of Different Production Systems in Combination with Foliar Sulphur Application for Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under Arid Climatic Conditions of Pakistan. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture 2020, 36, 1 .
AMA StyleSaeed Ahmad, Abdul Ghaffar, Muhammad Habib Ur Rahman, Tanveer-Ul- Haq, Mahmood Alam Khan, Arshad Mahmood. Evaluation of Different Production Systems in Combination with Foliar Sulphur Application for Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under Arid Climatic Conditions of Pakistan. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture. 2020; 36 (4):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSaeed Ahmad; Abdul Ghaffar; Muhammad Habib Ur Rahman; Tanveer-Ul- Haq; Mahmood Alam Khan; Arshad Mahmood. 2020. "Evaluation of Different Production Systems in Combination with Foliar Sulphur Application for Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under Arid Climatic Conditions of Pakistan." Sarhad Journal of Agriculture 36, no. 4: 1.
Solar radiation (SR) is essential for yield improvement in lentil, which is a crop of marginal environments. Herein, experiments were conducted over 2 years under a semi-arid environment to study the radiation interception (RI), efficiency, growth, and development of three lentil genotypes (Punjab Masoor-2009 (PM-2009), NIAB Masoor-2006 (NM-2006), and NIAB Masoor-2002 (NM-2002)) in relation to three nitrogen rates (13, 19, and 25 kg ha−1). Seasonal dynamics of intercepted photoactive radiation (IPAR) and cumulated photosynthetic photon flux density were highly associated with seasonal dynamics of leaf area index (LAI), with a high value of R2 (0.93 and 0.89) across all nitrogen rates and genotypes in both years. Nitrogen application promoted growth, and maximum LAI (3.97 and 3.57) and RI (324 and 301 MJ m−2) were attained for the first and second years of study, respectively. Biomass and yield were positively associated with IPAR. Variation in radiation absorption (RA) among genotypes was due to different patterns of LAI development. In both years, yield (23% and 25%) and radiation use efficiency (RUE) for grain yield (0.44 and 0.37 g MJ−1) were respectively higher for PM-2009 than for the other genotypes. Genotype PM-2009 had 15 days shorter crop cycle than others while 14% higher GDDs accumulated in the first year compared with the second due to the higher temperature. High nitrogen (25 kg ha−1) application resulted in higher dry matter (DM), and grain yield (GY), while RUE and PAR were not statistically different under 19 kg N ha−1 application across years. Genotypes PM-2009 and NM-2006 may perform reasonably well under arid to semi-arid regions at farmer field. These findings may assist researchers and crop modelers to optimize the lentil ideotype for efficient light utilization.
Muhammad Habib Ur Rahman; Ishfaq Ahmad; Depeng Wang; Shah Fahad; Muhammad Afzal; Abdul Ghaffar; Qaisar Saddique; Mehmood Alam Khan; Shah Saud; Shah Hassan; Muhammad Fahad; Mairaj Din; Shakeel Ahmad; Zhen Yue; Ruidar Ali Shah; Osman Sönmez; Wajid Nasim. Influence of semi-arid environment on radiation use efficiency and other growth attributes of lentil crop. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2020, 28, 13697 -13711.
AMA StyleMuhammad Habib Ur Rahman, Ishfaq Ahmad, Depeng Wang, Shah Fahad, Muhammad Afzal, Abdul Ghaffar, Qaisar Saddique, Mehmood Alam Khan, Shah Saud, Shah Hassan, Muhammad Fahad, Mairaj Din, Shakeel Ahmad, Zhen Yue, Ruidar Ali Shah, Osman Sönmez, Wajid Nasim. Influence of semi-arid environment on radiation use efficiency and other growth attributes of lentil crop. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2020; 28 (11):13697-13711.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Habib Ur Rahman; Ishfaq Ahmad; Depeng Wang; Shah Fahad; Muhammad Afzal; Abdul Ghaffar; Qaisar Saddique; Mehmood Alam Khan; Shah Saud; Shah Hassan; Muhammad Fahad; Mairaj Din; Shakeel Ahmad; Zhen Yue; Ruidar Ali Shah; Osman Sönmez; Wajid Nasim. 2020. "Influence of semi-arid environment on radiation use efficiency and other growth attributes of lentil crop." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28, no. 11: 13697-13711.