This paper deals with the efficiency and sustainability of Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) management in 30 Member States of the European Economic Area (EEA) (the 28 European Union countries plus Norway and Iceland) for the period 2010–2016 using Exploratory Data Analytics (EDA) and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The first stage of the proposed methodology is EDA with already available (the CDW recovery rate) and suggested indicators (e.g., building stock characterization, dwelling occupancy ratio, macroeconomic ratios and CDW breakdown) to characterize the efficiency and sustainability of CDW management. The second stage is to assess the efficiency of countries using DEA through two original CDW production models, one for sustainability, measuring the efficiency of the construction sector for reducing its CDW, and the second a model to score the efficiency of maximizing the CDW recovery rate. The main outcome of the paper is the proposed methodology, which is a candidate for replacing current indicators in order to evaluate the performance of CDW policy, due to is adaptive nature, promoting the continuous improvement and overcoming the limitations of the poor quality of metrics, data and parametric indicators. The methodology has been experimentally validated using Eurostat data for 30 Member States of EEA, ranking them according to the two DEA model scores, to point out the countries considered efficient among those of their scale, as a reference for sustainable and efficient practices.
Information systems and technologies (IST) are the essence of up-to date organizations, and changes in this field are occurring at an uncontrollable pace, interrupting traditional business models and forcing organisations to implement new models of business. Social media represent a subset of these technologies which contribute to organizational transformation. However, by itself, the adoption of social media does not imply such a transformation; changes in the organization's culture and behaviour are also needed. The use of IST in an appropriate and integrated way with the organization's processes will depend on an individual and collective effort. For organizations to take advantages of these technologies within the context of Social Business, a comprehension exercise is required in how to demonstrate their usefulness. To this end, this paper will provide a comprehensive view of a new context of labour faced by traditional organizations i.e. social business supported by mobile IST – mobile_Create, Share, Document and Training (m_CSDT) – in order to improve the well-being of these organizations through the collective intelligence and agility dimensions.