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Dr. Bayden Russell
Swire Institution of Marine Science, The University of Hong Kong

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0 Phycology
0 invertebrate pathology
0 Marine Ecology
0 ocean acidification
0 Heatwaves

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Article
Published: 26 July 2021 in Limnology and Oceanography Bulletin
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The global recognition of the importance of science communication has led to a recent emphasis on outreach and broad dissemination of information as a core component of a scientist's role. Increasingly, training for academics is seen as a necessity for successful outreach activities, yet it has associated costs which may deter some from participating. We are, therefore, interested in considering benefits and costs of outreach training. Key benefits include development of widely applicable skills, broadening of community, and professional recognition for participation. Key costs are the time invested in preparing, participating in, and following-up after training. We identify five key behaviors that can increase the effectiveness of outreach training, specifically: (1) communicate effectively (i.e., engage); (2) have the capacity to participate in the training (i.e., make time); (3) keep detailed accounts of participation in such activities (i.e., record attendance); (4) implement lessons and strategies immediately following training (i.e., practice); and (5) adapt approaches to the specific context (including when a global pandemic causes a shift from in-person to virtual settings; i.e., modify approach). We propose that when training is approached with a clear plan to integrate these key behaviors there will be effective and impactful professional development in outreach.

ACS Style

Laura J. Falkenberg; Emily H. King; Bayden D. Russell; Robert F. Chen. Maximizing the Impact of Science Outreach Training. Limnology and Oceanography Bulletin 2021, 30, 85 -91.

AMA Style

Laura J. Falkenberg, Emily H. King, Bayden D. Russell, Robert F. Chen. Maximizing the Impact of Science Outreach Training. Limnology and Oceanography Bulletin. 2021; 30 (3):85-91.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Laura J. Falkenberg; Emily H. King; Bayden D. Russell; Robert F. Chen. 2021. "Maximizing the Impact of Science Outreach Training." Limnology and Oceanography Bulletin 30, no. 3: 85-91.

Preprint content
Published: 09 June 2021
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Herbivores play an integral part in maintaining the health of coral reefs by suppressing the growth of algae and accumulation of sediment and facilitating coral growth. However, in predator-depleted systems where densities of herbivores are unnaturally high, grazing can have detrimental effects on corals through excessive bioerosion. Yet, these benefits and costs are rarely investigated concurrently, especially in eutrophic systems where grazers may play a disproportionate role. We used a year-long exclusion experiment to elucidate the effect of natural densities of the dominant herbivore (the sea urchin Diadema setosum) on coral communities in a heavily fished and eutrophic system (Hong Kong, China). To assess benthic community response to grazing, we monitored the survival and growth of three locally abundant coral species (Pavona decussata, Platygyra carnosus and Porites sp.), algal and sediment accumulation, and bioerosion of coral skeletons across seasons. We found that urchins maintained our experimental coral assemblages, and when excluded, there was a 25 to 75-fold increase in algal-sediment matrix accumulation. Contrary to predictions, there was no general response of corals to urchin presence; Porites sp. survivorship increased while P. decussata was unaffected, and growth rates of both species was unchanged. Surprisingly, P. carnosus experienced higher mortality and bioerosion of up to 33% of their buoyant weight when urchins were present. Therefore, under natural densities, sea urchins clear substrate of algae and sediment, increase survival, maintain growth rates and health of coral assemblages, yet can accelerate the bioerosion of species with porous skeletons following mortality.

ACS Style

James K. Dytnerski; Katie E. Marshall; David M. Baker; Bayden D. Russell. The benefits of herbivory outweigh the costs of bioerosion in a eutrophic coral community. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

James K. Dytnerski, Katie E. Marshall, David M. Baker, Bayden D. Russell. The benefits of herbivory outweigh the costs of bioerosion in a eutrophic coral community. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

James K. Dytnerski; Katie E. Marshall; David M. Baker; Bayden D. Russell. 2021. "The benefits of herbivory outweigh the costs of bioerosion in a eutrophic coral community." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 23 April 2021 in Science of The Total Environment
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Heatwaves are increasing in frequency and intensity, with substantial impacts on ecosystems and species which maintain their function. Whether or not species are harmed by heatwave conditions by being pushed beyond their physiological bounds can depend on whether energy replacement is sufficient to enable recovery from acute stress. We exposed an ecologically important sea urchin, Heliocidaris erythrogramma, to experimental marine heatwave scenarios in context with recent summer heat anomalies in moderate (25 °C), and strong heatwave (26 °C) conditions for 10 days, followed by a 10-day recovery period at normal summer temperature (23 °C). Greater heatwave intensity drove higher metabolic rates which were not matched with a concurrent increase in food consumption or faecal production. However, food consumption increased during the post-heatwave recovery period, likely to replenish an energy deficit. Despite this, mortality increased into the recovery period and seemed to be caused by latent effects, manifesting as a decline in health index as individuals progressed from spine and pedicellariae loss, through to loss of tube foot rigor, bald patch disease, culminating in mortality. We show for the first time that the acute thermal stress of heatwaves can have latent physiological effects that cause mortality even when conditions return to normal. Our results show that the negative effects of heatwaves can manifest after relief from stressful conditions and highlight the importance of understanding the latent effects on physiology and health. This understanding will offer insights into the long-term potential for stress recovery following seemingly sublethal effects and whether the restoration of ambient conditions post-heatwave is sufficient to ensure population stability.

ACS Style

Jay J. Minuti; Maria Byrne; Deevesh A. Hemraj; Bayden D. Russell. Capacity of an ecologically key urchin to recover from extreme events: Physiological impacts of heatwaves and the road to recovery. Science of The Total Environment 2021, 785, 147281 .

AMA Style

Jay J. Minuti, Maria Byrne, Deevesh A. Hemraj, Bayden D. Russell. Capacity of an ecologically key urchin to recover from extreme events: Physiological impacts of heatwaves and the road to recovery. Science of The Total Environment. 2021; 785 ():147281.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jay J. Minuti; Maria Byrne; Deevesh A. Hemraj; Bayden D. Russell. 2021. "Capacity of an ecologically key urchin to recover from extreme events: Physiological impacts of heatwaves and the road to recovery." Science of The Total Environment 785, no. : 147281.

Original research article
Published: 19 March 2021 in Frontiers in Marine Science
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The ability of an organism to alter its physiology in response to environmental conditions offers a short-term defense mechanism in the face of weather extremes resulting from climate change. These often manifest as multiple, interacting drivers, especially pH and temperature. In particular, decreased pH can impose constraints on the biological mechanisms which define thermal limits by throwing off energetic equilibrium and diminishing physiological functions (e.g., in many marine ectotherms). For many species, however, we do not have a detailed understanding of these interactive effects, especially on short-term acclimation responses. Here, we investigated the metabolic plasticity of a tropical subtidal gastropod (Trochus maculatus) to increased levels of CO2 (700 ppm) and heating (+3°C), measuring metabolic performance (Q 10 coefficient) and thermal sensitivity [temperature of maximum metabolic rate (TMMR), and upper lethal temperature (ULT)]. Individuals demonstrated metabolic acclimation in response to the stressors, with TMMR increasing by +4.1°C under higher temperatures, +2.7°C under elevated CO2, and +4.4°C under the combined stressors. In contrast, the ULT only increased marginally in response to heating (+0.3°C), but decreased by −2.3°C under CO2, and −8.7°C under combined stressors. Therefore, although phenotypic plasticity is evident with metabolic acclimation, acute lethal temperature limits seem to be less flexible during short-term acclimation.

ACS Style

Jay J. Minuti; Charlee A. Corra; Brian S. Helmuth; Bayden D. Russell. Increased Thermal Sensitivity of a Tropical Marine Gastropod Under Combined CO2 and Temperature Stress. Frontiers in Marine Science 2021, 8, 1 .

AMA Style

Jay J. Minuti, Charlee A. Corra, Brian S. Helmuth, Bayden D. Russell. Increased Thermal Sensitivity of a Tropical Marine Gastropod Under Combined CO2 and Temperature Stress. Frontiers in Marine Science. 2021; 8 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jay J. Minuti; Charlee A. Corra; Brian S. Helmuth; Bayden D. Russell. 2021. "Increased Thermal Sensitivity of a Tropical Marine Gastropod Under Combined CO2 and Temperature Stress." Frontiers in Marine Science 8, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 10 December 2020 in Marine Ecology Progress Series
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Future ocean CO2 and temperatures are predicted to increase primary productivity across tropical marine habitats, potentially driving a shift towards algal-dominated systems. However, increased consumption of algae by benthic grazers could potentially counter this shift. Yet, the response of different grazer species to future conditions will be moderated by their physiologies, meaning that they may not be functional equivalents. Here, we experimentally assessed the physiological response of key grazers—the sea urchin Heliocidaris crassispina and 2 gastropod species, Astralium haematragum and Trochus maculatus—to predicted CO2 concentrations (400, 700 and 1000 ppm) and temperature conditions (ambient, +3 and +5°C). In line with metabolic theory, we found that urchin metabolic rate increased at future temperatures regardless of CO2 conditions, with evidence of metabolic acclimation to higher temperatures. The metabolic rate of A. haematragum was depressed only by CO2, whereas T. maculatus initially had elevated metabolic rates at moderate CO2, which were depressed by the combination of the highest CO2 concentration and temperatures. Taxa showed differential survival, with no urchin mortality under any future conditions but substantial mortality of both gastropods under elevated temperatures regardless of CO2 concentration. Importantly, all species had substantially reduced algal consumption in response to elevated CO2, though the urchins only demonstrated an energetic mismatch under combined future CO2 and temperature. Therefore, despite sharing an ecological niche, these key grazers are likely to be differentially affected by future environmental conditions, potentially reducing the strength of ecological compensatory responses depending on the functional redundancy in this grazing community.

ACS Style

Jj Minuti; Bd Russell. Functionally redundant herbivores: urchin and gastropod grazers respond differently to ocean warming and rising CO2. Marine Ecology Progress Series 2020, 656, 239 -251.

AMA Style

Jj Minuti, Bd Russell. Functionally redundant herbivores: urchin and gastropod grazers respond differently to ocean warming and rising CO2. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 2020; 656 ():239-251.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jj Minuti; Bd Russell. 2020. "Functionally redundant herbivores: urchin and gastropod grazers respond differently to ocean warming and rising CO2." Marine Ecology Progress Series 656, no. : 239-251.

Journal article
Published: 10 December 2020 in Marine Ecology Progress Series
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The world’s temperate coastlines support a rich marine biodiversity and provide billions of dollars of ecosystem services to the global economy annually. Temperate coasts are, however, some of the most densely populated and impacted coastal regions of the world and are increasingly modified by a range of local and global impacts. Understanding the natural functioning of these systems, and the impact of human activities, has been the focus of intense research for more than a century. This focus has led to a community of scientists that gathers at the International Temperate Reefs Symposium (ITRS) to share advances in the field. The papers in this Theme Section (TS) are a selection of the research presented at the 12th ITRS in January 2019. The papers cover the breadth of research at the conference, from algal and animal physiology, to population dynamics and range-shifts, the effects of natural and anthropogenic disturbances on systems, and new insights into efforts to mitigate these impacts. These contributions bring together the rich history of the field and enhance our understanding of how these systems will function into the future.

ACS Style

Bayden D. Russell. The ecology of temperate reefs in a changing world. Marine Ecology Progress Series 2020, 656, 91 -94.

AMA Style

Bayden D. Russell. The ecology of temperate reefs in a changing world. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 2020; 656 ():91-94.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bayden D. Russell. 2020. "The ecology of temperate reefs in a changing world." Marine Ecology Progress Series 656, no. : 91-94.

Research article
Published: 22 September 2020 in Restoration Ecology
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Seagrass meadows are habitat for an abundance and diversity of animal life, and their continuing global loss has focused effort on their restoration. This restoration not only aims to re‐establish the structure of the seagrass, but also to restore its function, particularly as habitat. The success of seagrass restoration is typically measured by the recovery of aboveground structure, but this ignores the important role of the belowground component of seagrass ecosystems, which may not recover at the same rate, and is equally important for faunal communities. We quantify infaunal communities (abundance, richness and composition) within expanding plots of restored seagrass, and relate their change to the recovery of belowground seagrass biomass and sediment properties. We found that infaunal abundance and composition converged on that found in natural seagrass within two years, whilst the overall infaunal richness was not affected by habitat. The carbon content of surface sediments also recovered within two years, although recovery of belowground biomass and sediment grain size took four to six years. These results suggest that the structure of recovering seagrass habitats may not need to attain that of natural meadows before they support infauna that is comparable to natural communities. This pace and effectiveness of recovery provides some optimism for future seagrass restoration.

ACS Style

Jason E. Tanner; Chloe McSkimming; Bayden D. Russell; Sean D. Connell. Rapid restoration of belowground structure and fauna of a seagrass habitat. Restoration Ecology 2020, 29, 1 .

AMA Style

Jason E. Tanner, Chloe McSkimming, Bayden D. Russell, Sean D. Connell. Rapid restoration of belowground structure and fauna of a seagrass habitat. Restoration Ecology. 2020; 29 (1):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jason E. Tanner; Chloe McSkimming; Bayden D. Russell; Sean D. Connell. 2020. "Rapid restoration of belowground structure and fauna of a seagrass habitat." Restoration Ecology 29, no. 1: 1.

Journal article
Published: 15 August 2020 in Marine Environmental Research
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Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are an emerging threat to marine organisms that have increased in frequency and magnitude in the past decade. These extreme heating events can have differential impacts on organisms with some experiencing mortality while others survive. Here, we experimentally exposed two species of subtidal gastropod (Trochus sacellum and Astralium haematragum) to two realistic intensities of MHW to test the ability of different species to physiologically cope with extreme heating events. Extreme MHW conditions caused 100% mortality in both species within five days. While both species survived under moderate MHW conditions they showed evidence of nonadaptive metabolic depression. Both species demonstrated an inability to upregulate their metabolic rates at the higher temperatures following exposure to a MHW (i.e. reduced temperature of maximum metabolic rate; TMMR), suggesting a lack of molecular protective responses and ongoing physiological damage. Therefore, the physiological damage endured by heatwave survivors may lessen their ability to cope with subsequent stress until fully recovered. Repairing this damage may have serious repercussions for the rate of recovery of these normally resilient species and their ability to maintain their ecological functions post MHW, especially under the predicted increasing frequency, duration and magnitude of MHWs.

ACS Style

Deevesh A. Hemraj; Natasha C. Posnett; Jay J. Minuti; Louise B. Firth; Bayden D. Russell. Survived but not safe: Marine heatwave hinders metabolism in two gastropod survivors. Marine Environmental Research 2020, 162, 105117 .

AMA Style

Deevesh A. Hemraj, Natasha C. Posnett, Jay J. Minuti, Louise B. Firth, Bayden D. Russell. Survived but not safe: Marine heatwave hinders metabolism in two gastropod survivors. Marine Environmental Research. 2020; 162 ():105117.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Deevesh A. Hemraj; Natasha C. Posnett; Jay J. Minuti; Louise B. Firth; Bayden D. Russell. 2020. "Survived but not safe: Marine heatwave hinders metabolism in two gastropod survivors." Marine Environmental Research 162, no. : 105117.

Research article
Published: 11 August 2020 in Restoration Ecology
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Reef building oysters historically provided the main structural and ecological component of temperate and sub‐tropical coastal waters globally. While the loss of oyster reefs is documented in most regions globally, assessments of the status of Asian oyster reefs are limited. The feasibility of restoration within the regional biological and societal contexts needs to be assessed before implementation. Here, we quantified the current distribution of natural oyster reefs (Crassostrea spp.) in the shallow coastal waters of Hong Kong, assessed the biological feasibility of re‐establishing reefs using natural recruitment, and examined their current and potential water filtration capacity as a key ecosystem service provided by restoration. We found natural low relief oyster beds in the low intertidal coastal areas at a subset of the locations surveyed. These areas are, however, degraded and have sparse densities of oysters generally 500,000 indiv. m−2) and while survival to maturity varied across sites there was adequate larval supply and survival for restoration. Filtration rates for a one‐year old recruit (90 mm length, ~30 L hr.−1 per individual) at summer temperatures (30°C) meant that even the small remnant populations are able to provide some filtration services (up to 31.7 ML h−1). High natural recruitment means that oyster reef restoration can be achieved with the addition of hard substrate for recruitment, increased protection of restoration sites, and would not only increase the ecological value of reefs regionally but also serve as a model for future restoration in Asia. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

ACS Style

Sally C. Y. Lau; Marine Thomas; Boze Hancock; Bayden D. Russell. Restoration potential of Asian oysters on heavily developed coastlines. Restoration Ecology 2020, 28, 1643 -1653.

AMA Style

Sally C. Y. Lau, Marine Thomas, Boze Hancock, Bayden D. Russell. Restoration potential of Asian oysters on heavily developed coastlines. Restoration Ecology. 2020; 28 (6):1643-1653.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sally C. Y. Lau; Marine Thomas; Boze Hancock; Bayden D. Russell. 2020. "Restoration potential of Asian oysters on heavily developed coastlines." Restoration Ecology 28, no. 6: 1643-1653.

Review
Published: 24 June 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The ocean provides resources key to human health and well-being, including food, oxygen, livelihoods, blue spaces, and medicines. The global threat to these resources posed by accelerating ocean acidification is becoming increasingly evident as the world’s oceans absorb carbon dioxide emissions. While ocean acidification was initially perceived as a threat only to the marine realm, here we argue that it is also an emerging human health issue. Specifically, we explore how ocean acidification affects the quantity and quality of resources key to human health and well-being in the context of: (1) malnutrition and poisoning, (2) respiratory issues, (3) mental health impacts, and (4) development of medical resources. We explore mitigation and adaptation management strategies that can be implemented to strengthen the capacity of acidifying oceans to continue providing human health benefits. Importantly, we emphasize that the cost of such actions will be dependent upon the socioeconomic context; specifically, costs will likely be greater for socioeconomically disadvantaged populations, exacerbating the current inequitable distribution of environmental and human health challenges. Given the scale of ocean acidification impacts on human health and well-being, recognizing and researching these complexities may allow the adaptation of management such that not only are the harms to human health reduced but the benefits enhanced.

ACS Style

Laura J. Falkenberg; Richard G.J. Bellerby; Sean D. Connell; Lora E. Fleming; Bruce Maycock; Bayden D. Russell; Francis J. Sullivan; Sam Dupont. Ocean Acidification and Human Health. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 4563 .

AMA Style

Laura J. Falkenberg, Richard G.J. Bellerby, Sean D. Connell, Lora E. Fleming, Bruce Maycock, Bayden D. Russell, Francis J. Sullivan, Sam Dupont. Ocean Acidification and Human Health. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (12):4563.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Laura J. Falkenberg; Richard G.J. Bellerby; Sean D. Connell; Lora E. Fleming; Bruce Maycock; Bayden D. Russell; Francis J. Sullivan; Sam Dupont. 2020. "Ocean Acidification and Human Health." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 12: 4563.

Original article
Published: 06 April 2020 in Fish and Fisheries
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The concept of “blue growth,” which aims to promote the growth of ocean economies while holistically managing marine socioecological systems, is emerging within national and international marine policy. The concept is often promoted as being novel; however, we show that historical analogies exist that can provide insights for contemporary planning and implementation of blue growth. Using a case‐study approach based on expert knowledge, we identified 20 historical fisheries or aquaculture examples from 13 countries, spanning the last 40–800 years, that we contend embody blue growth concepts. This is the first time, to our knowledge, that blue growth has been investigated across such broad spatial and temporal scales. The past societies managed to balance exploitation with equitable access, ecological integrity and/or economic growth for varying periods of time. Four main trajectories existed that led to the success or failure of blue growth. Success was linked to equitable rather than open access, innovation and management that was responsive, holistic and based on scientific knowledge and monitoring. The inability to achieve or maintain blue growth resulted from failures to address limits to industry growth and/or anticipate the impacts of adverse extrinsic events and drivers (e.g. changes in international markets, war), the prioritization of short‐term gains over long‐term sustainability, and loss of supporting systems. Fourteen cross‐cutting lessons and 10 recommendations were derived that can improve understanding and implementation of blue growth. Despite the contemporary literature broadly supporting our findings, these recommendations are not adequately addressed by agendas seeking to realize blue growth.

ACS Style

Bryony A. Caswell; Emily S. Klein; Heidi K. Alleway; Johnathan E. Ball; Julián Botero; Massimiliano Cardinale; Margit Eero; Georg H. Engelhard; Tomaso Fortibuoni; Ana‐Judith Giraldo; Jonas Hentati‐Sundberg; Peter Jones; John N. Kittinger; Gesche Krause; Dmitry L. Lajus; Julia Lajus; Sally C.Y. Lau; Ann‐Katrien Lescrauwaet; Brian R. MacKenzie; Matthew McKenzie; Henn Ojaveer; John M. Pandolfi; Saša Raicevich; Bayden D. Russell; Andreas Sundelöf; Robert B. Thorpe; Philine S.E. Zu Ermgassen; Ruth H. Thurstan. Something old, something new: Historical perspectives provide lessons for blue growth agendas. Fish and Fisheries 2020, 21, 774 -796.

AMA Style

Bryony A. Caswell, Emily S. Klein, Heidi K. Alleway, Johnathan E. Ball, Julián Botero, Massimiliano Cardinale, Margit Eero, Georg H. Engelhard, Tomaso Fortibuoni, Ana‐Judith Giraldo, Jonas Hentati‐Sundberg, Peter Jones, John N. Kittinger, Gesche Krause, Dmitry L. Lajus, Julia Lajus, Sally C.Y. Lau, Ann‐Katrien Lescrauwaet, Brian R. MacKenzie, Matthew McKenzie, Henn Ojaveer, John M. Pandolfi, Saša Raicevich, Bayden D. Russell, Andreas Sundelöf, Robert B. Thorpe, Philine S.E. Zu Ermgassen, Ruth H. Thurstan. Something old, something new: Historical perspectives provide lessons for blue growth agendas. Fish and Fisheries. 2020; 21 (4):774-796.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bryony A. Caswell; Emily S. Klein; Heidi K. Alleway; Johnathan E. Ball; Julián Botero; Massimiliano Cardinale; Margit Eero; Georg H. Engelhard; Tomaso Fortibuoni; Ana‐Judith Giraldo; Jonas Hentati‐Sundberg; Peter Jones; John N. Kittinger; Gesche Krause; Dmitry L. Lajus; Julia Lajus; Sally C.Y. Lau; Ann‐Katrien Lescrauwaet; Brian R. MacKenzie; Matthew McKenzie; Henn Ojaveer; John M. Pandolfi; Saša Raicevich; Bayden D. Russell; Andreas Sundelöf; Robert B. Thorpe; Philine S.E. Zu Ermgassen; Ruth H. Thurstan. 2020. "Something old, something new: Historical perspectives provide lessons for blue growth agendas." Fish and Fisheries 21, no. 4: 774-796.

Author correction
Published: 08 November 2019 in Nature Communications
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An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

ACS Style

Peter I. Macreadie; Andrea Anton; John A. Raven; Nicola Beaumont; Rod M. Connolly; Daniel A. Friess; Jeffrey J. Kelleway; Hilary Kennedy; Tomohiro Kuwae; Paul S. Lavery; Catherine E. Lovelock; Dan A. Smale; Eugenia T. Apostolaki; Trisha B. Atwood; Jeff Baldock; Thomas S. Bianchi; Gail L. Chmura; Bradley D. Eyre; James W. Fourqurean; Jason M. Hall-Spencer; Mark Huxham; Iris E. Hendriks; Dorte Krause-Jensen; Dan Laffoley; Tiziana Luisetti; Núria Marbà; Pere Masque; Karen J. McGlathery; J. Patrick Megonigal; Daniel Murdiyarso; Bayden D. Russell; Rui Santos; Oscar Serrano; Brian R. Silliman; Kenta Watanabe; Carlos M. Duarte. Author Correction: The future of Blue Carbon science. Nature Communications 2019, 10, 1 -1.

AMA Style

Peter I. Macreadie, Andrea Anton, John A. Raven, Nicola Beaumont, Rod M. Connolly, Daniel A. Friess, Jeffrey J. Kelleway, Hilary Kennedy, Tomohiro Kuwae, Paul S. Lavery, Catherine E. Lovelock, Dan A. Smale, Eugenia T. Apostolaki, Trisha B. Atwood, Jeff Baldock, Thomas S. Bianchi, Gail L. Chmura, Bradley D. Eyre, James W. Fourqurean, Jason M. Hall-Spencer, Mark Huxham, Iris E. Hendriks, Dorte Krause-Jensen, Dan Laffoley, Tiziana Luisetti, Núria Marbà, Pere Masque, Karen J. McGlathery, J. Patrick Megonigal, Daniel Murdiyarso, Bayden D. Russell, Rui Santos, Oscar Serrano, Brian R. Silliman, Kenta Watanabe, Carlos M. Duarte. Author Correction: The future of Blue Carbon science. Nature Communications. 2019; 10 (1):1-1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Peter I. Macreadie; Andrea Anton; John A. Raven; Nicola Beaumont; Rod M. Connolly; Daniel A. Friess; Jeffrey J. Kelleway; Hilary Kennedy; Tomohiro Kuwae; Paul S. Lavery; Catherine E. Lovelock; Dan A. Smale; Eugenia T. Apostolaki; Trisha B. Atwood; Jeff Baldock; Thomas S. Bianchi; Gail L. Chmura; Bradley D. Eyre; James W. Fourqurean; Jason M. Hall-Spencer; Mark Huxham; Iris E. Hendriks; Dorte Krause-Jensen; Dan Laffoley; Tiziana Luisetti; Núria Marbà; Pere Masque; Karen J. McGlathery; J. Patrick Megonigal; Daniel Murdiyarso; Bayden D. Russell; Rui Santos; Oscar Serrano; Brian R. Silliman; Kenta Watanabe; Carlos M. Duarte. 2019. "Author Correction: The future of Blue Carbon science." Nature Communications 10, no. 1: 1-1.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2019 in One Earth
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Summary Under climate change, many species are increasingly exposed to heatwaves, including marine species. Although marine species are expected to succumb to heatwaves, there is increasing interest in understanding why some can persist. As heatwaves can greatly elevate intertidal seawater temperature, we explore reasons for variation in biological performance to acute thermal stress among three species of intertidal gastropods. When thermal refuges were unavailable for adaptive behavior, we show that their biological performance (feeding rate) was either maintained (resistant), recovered from a decline (resilient), or collapsed (sensitive), depending on the strength of molecular defense (where resistant species > resilient species > sensitive species). The integration of molecular, physiological, and behavioral responses within a species illustrates the kind of adaptive capacity that allows organisms to survive heatwaves and maintain their ecological functions. In this era of unprecedented environmental change, understanding how organisms persist seems as important as understanding how organisms perish.

ACS Style

Jonathan Y.S. Leung; Bayden D. Russell; Sean D. Connell. Adaptive Responses of Marine Gastropods to Heatwaves. One Earth 2019, 1, 374 -381.

AMA Style

Jonathan Y.S. Leung, Bayden D. Russell, Sean D. Connell. Adaptive Responses of Marine Gastropods to Heatwaves. One Earth. 2019; 1 (3):374-381.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jonathan Y.S. Leung; Bayden D. Russell; Sean D. Connell. 2019. "Adaptive Responses of Marine Gastropods to Heatwaves." One Earth 1, no. 3: 374-381.

Perspective
Published: 05 September 2019 in Nature Communications
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The term Blue Carbon (BC) was first coined a decade ago to describe the disproportionately large contribution of coastal vegetated ecosystems to global carbon sequestration. The role of BC in climate change mitigation and adaptation has now reached international prominence. To help prioritise future research, we assembled leading experts in the field to agree upon the top-ten pending questions in BC science. Understanding how climate change affects carbon accumulation in mature BC ecosystems and during their restoration was a high priority. Controversial questions included the role of carbonate and macroalgae in BC cycling, and the degree to which greenhouse gases are released following disturbance of BC ecosystems. Scientists seek improved precision of the extent of BC ecosystems; techniques to determine BC provenance; understanding of the factors that influence sequestration in BC ecosystems, with the corresponding value of BC; and the management actions that are effective in enhancing this value. Overall this overview provides a comprehensive road map for the coming decades on future research in BC science. The role of Blue Carbon in climate change mitigation and adaptation has now reached international prominence. Here the authors identified the top-ten unresolved questions in the field and find that most questions relate to the precise role blue carbon can play in mitigating climate change and the most effective management actions in maximising this.

ACS Style

Peter I. Macreadie; Andrea Anton; John A. Raven; Nicola Beaumont; Rod M. Connolly; Daniel A. Friess; Jeffrey J. Kelleway; Hilary Kennedy; Tomohiro Kuwae; Paul S. Lavery; Catherine E. Lovelock; Dan A. Smale; Eugenia T. Apostolaki; Trisha B. Atwood; Jeff Baldock; Thomas S. Bianchi; Gail L. Chmura; Bradley D. Eyre; James W. Fourqurean; Jason M. Hall-Spencer; Mark Huxham; Iris E. Hendriks; Dorte Krause-Jensen; Dan Laffoley; Tiziana Luisetti; Núria Marbà; Pere Masque; Karen J. McGlathery; J. Patrick Megonigal; Daniel Murdiyarso; Bayden D. Russell; Rui Santos; Oscar Serrano; Brian R. Silliman; Kenta Watanabe; Carlos M. Duarte. The future of Blue Carbon science. Nature Communications 2019, 10, 1 -13.

AMA Style

Peter I. Macreadie, Andrea Anton, John A. Raven, Nicola Beaumont, Rod M. Connolly, Daniel A. Friess, Jeffrey J. Kelleway, Hilary Kennedy, Tomohiro Kuwae, Paul S. Lavery, Catherine E. Lovelock, Dan A. Smale, Eugenia T. Apostolaki, Trisha B. Atwood, Jeff Baldock, Thomas S. Bianchi, Gail L. Chmura, Bradley D. Eyre, James W. Fourqurean, Jason M. Hall-Spencer, Mark Huxham, Iris E. Hendriks, Dorte Krause-Jensen, Dan Laffoley, Tiziana Luisetti, Núria Marbà, Pere Masque, Karen J. McGlathery, J. Patrick Megonigal, Daniel Murdiyarso, Bayden D. Russell, Rui Santos, Oscar Serrano, Brian R. Silliman, Kenta Watanabe, Carlos M. Duarte. The future of Blue Carbon science. Nature Communications. 2019; 10 (1):1-13.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Peter I. Macreadie; Andrea Anton; John A. Raven; Nicola Beaumont; Rod M. Connolly; Daniel A. Friess; Jeffrey J. Kelleway; Hilary Kennedy; Tomohiro Kuwae; Paul S. Lavery; Catherine E. Lovelock; Dan A. Smale; Eugenia T. Apostolaki; Trisha B. Atwood; Jeff Baldock; Thomas S. Bianchi; Gail L. Chmura; Bradley D. Eyre; James W. Fourqurean; Jason M. Hall-Spencer; Mark Huxham; Iris E. Hendriks; Dorte Krause-Jensen; Dan Laffoley; Tiziana Luisetti; Núria Marbà; Pere Masque; Karen J. McGlathery; J. Patrick Megonigal; Daniel Murdiyarso; Bayden D. Russell; Rui Santos; Oscar Serrano; Brian R. Silliman; Kenta Watanabe; Carlos M. Duarte. 2019. "The future of Blue Carbon science." Nature Communications 10, no. 1: 1-13.

Journal article
Published: 18 July 2019 in Diversity and Distributions
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Alessandro Bellino; Maria Cristina Mangano; Daniela Baldantoni; Bayden Dwight Russell; Anna Maria Mannino; Antonio Mazzola; Salvatrice Vizzini; Gianluca Sarà. Seasonal patterns of biodiversity in Mediterranean coastal lagoons. Diversity and Distributions 2019, 25, 1512 -1526.

AMA Style

Alessandro Bellino, Maria Cristina Mangano, Daniela Baldantoni, Bayden Dwight Russell, Anna Maria Mannino, Antonio Mazzola, Salvatrice Vizzini, Gianluca Sarà. Seasonal patterns of biodiversity in Mediterranean coastal lagoons. Diversity and Distributions. 2019; 25 (10):1512-1526.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alessandro Bellino; Maria Cristina Mangano; Daniela Baldantoni; Bayden Dwight Russell; Anna Maria Mannino; Antonio Mazzola; Salvatrice Vizzini; Gianluca Sarà. 2019. "Seasonal patterns of biodiversity in Mediterranean coastal lagoons." Diversity and Distributions 25, no. 10: 1512-1526.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2018 in Science of The Total Environment
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The CO2-boosted trophic transfer from primary producers to herbivores has been increasingly discovered at natural CO2 vents and in laboratory experiments. Despite the emerging knowledge of this boosting effect, we do not know the extent to which it may be enhanced or dampened by ocean warming. We investigated whether ocean acidification and warming enhance the nutritional quality (C:N ratio) and energy content of turf algae, which is speculated to drive higher feeding rate, greater energy budget and eventually faster growth of herbivores. This proposal was tested by observing the physiological (feeding rate, respiration rate and energy budget) and demographic responses (growth and survival) of a common grazing gastropod (Phasianella australis) to ocean acidification and warming in a 6-month mesocosm experiment. Whilst we observed the boosting effect of ocean acidification and warming in isolation on the energy budget of herbivores by either increasing feeding rate on the more nutritious algae or increasing energy gain per feeding effort, their growth and survival were reduced by the sublethal thermal stress under ocean warming, especially when both climate change stressors were combined. This reduced growth and survival occurred as a consequence of depleted energy reserves, suggesting that the boosting effect via trophic transfer might not sufficiently compensate for the increased energy demand imposed by ocean warming. In circumstances where ocean acidification and warming create an energy demand on herbivores that outweighs the energy enhancement of their food (i.e. primary producers), the performance of herbivores to control their blooming resources likely deteriorates and thus runaway primary production ensues.

ACS Style

Jonathan Y.S. Leung; Ivan Nagelkerken; Bayden Russell; Camilo M. Ferreira; Sean Connell. Boosted nutritional quality of food by CO2 enrichment fails to offset energy demand of herbivores under ocean warming, causing energy depletion and mortality. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 639, 360 -366.

AMA Style

Jonathan Y.S. Leung, Ivan Nagelkerken, Bayden Russell, Camilo M. Ferreira, Sean Connell. Boosted nutritional quality of food by CO2 enrichment fails to offset energy demand of herbivores under ocean warming, causing energy depletion and mortality. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 639 ():360-366.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jonathan Y.S. Leung; Ivan Nagelkerken; Bayden Russell; Camilo M. Ferreira; Sean Connell. 2018. "Boosted nutritional quality of food by CO2 enrichment fails to offset energy demand of herbivores under ocean warming, causing energy depletion and mortality." Science of The Total Environment 639, no. : 360-366.

Journal article
Published: 26 September 2018 in Diversity and Distributions
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Aim Understanding the relative importance of climatic and non‐climatic distribution drivers for co‐occurring, functionally similar species is required to assess potential consequences of climate change. This understanding is, however, lacking for most ecosystems. We address this knowledge gap and forecast changes in distribution for habitat‐forming seaweeds in one of the world's most species‐rich temperate reef ecosystems. Location The Great Southern Reef. The full extent of Australia's temperate coastline. Methods We assessed relationships between climatic and non‐climatic environmental data known to influence seaweed, and the presence of 15 habitat‐forming seaweeds. Distributional data (herbarium records) were analysed with MAXENT and generalized linear and additive models, to construct species distribution models at 0.2° spatial resolution, and project possible distribution shifts under the RCP 6.0 (medium) and 2.6 (conservative) emissions scenarios of ocean warming for 2100. Results Summer temperatures, and to a lesser extent winter temperatures, were the strongest distribution predictors for temperate habitat‐forming seaweeds in Australia. Projections for 2100 predicted major poleward shifts for 13 of the 15 species, on average losing 78% (range: 36%–100%) of their current distributions under RCP 6.0 and 62% (range: 27%–100%) under RCP 2.6. The giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) and three prominent fucoids (Durvillaea potatorum, Xiphophora chondrophylla and Phyllospora comosa) were predicted to become extinct from Australia under RCP 6.0. Many species currently distributed up the west and east coasts, including the dominant kelp Ecklonia radiata (71% and 49% estimated loss for RPC 6.0 and 2.6, respectively), were predicted to become restricted to the south coast. Main conclusions In close accordance with emerging observations in Australia and globally, our study predicted major range contractions of temperate seaweeds in coming decades. These changes will likely have significant impacts on marine biodiversity and ecosystem functioning because large seaweeds are foundation species for 100s of habitat‐associated plants and animals, many of which are socio‐economically important and endemic to southern Australia.

ACS Style

Brezo Martínez; Ben Radford; Mads S. Thomsen; Sean D. Connell; Francisco Carreño; Corey J. A. Bradshaw; Damien A. Fordham; Bayden D. Russell; C. Frederico D. Gurgel; Thomas Wernberg. Distribution models predict large contractions of habitat-forming seaweeds in response to ocean warming. Diversity and Distributions 2018, 24, 1350 -1366.

AMA Style

Brezo Martínez, Ben Radford, Mads S. Thomsen, Sean D. Connell, Francisco Carreño, Corey J. A. Bradshaw, Damien A. Fordham, Bayden D. Russell, C. Frederico D. Gurgel, Thomas Wernberg. Distribution models predict large contractions of habitat-forming seaweeds in response to ocean warming. Diversity and Distributions. 2018; 24 (10):1350-1366.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Brezo Martínez; Ben Radford; Mads S. Thomsen; Sean D. Connell; Francisco Carreño; Corey J. A. Bradshaw; Damien A. Fordham; Bayden D. Russell; C. Frederico D. Gurgel; Thomas Wernberg. 2018. "Distribution models predict large contractions of habitat-forming seaweeds in response to ocean warming." Diversity and Distributions 24, no. 10: 1350-1366.

Journal article
Published: 09 May 2018 in Biogeosciences
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Understanding physiological responses of organisms to warming and ocean acidification is the first step towards predicting the potential population- and community-level ecological impacts of these stressors. Increasingly, physiological plasticity is being recognized as important for organisms to adapt to the changing microclimates. Here, we evaluate the importance of physiological plasticity for coping with ocean acidification and elevated temperature, and its variability among individuals, of the intertidal limpet Cellana toreuma from the same population in Xiamen. Limpets were collected from shaded mid-intertidal rock surfaces. They were acclimated under combinations of different pCO2 concentrations (400 and 1000 ppm, corresponding to a pH of 8.1 and 7.8) and temperatures (20 and 24 ∘C) in a short-term period (7 days), with the control conditions (20 ∘C and 400 ppm) representing the average annual temperature and present-day pCO2 level at the collection site. Heart rates (as a proxy for metabolic performance) and expression of genes encoding inducible and constitutive heat-shock proteins (hsp70 and hsc70) at different heat-shock temperatures (26, 30, 34, and 38 ∘C) were measured. Hsp70 and Hsc70 play important roles in protecting cells from heat stresses, but have different expression patterns, with Hsp70 significantly increased in expression during stress and Hsc70 constitutively expressed and only mildly induced during stress. Analysis of heart rate showed significantly higher temperature coefficients (Q10 rates) for limpets at 20 ∘C than at 24 ∘C and post-acclimation thermal sensitivity of limpets at 400 ppm was lower than at 1000 ppm. Expression of hsp70 linearly increased with the increasing heat-shock temperatures, with the largest slope occurring in limpets acclimated under a future scenario (24 ∘C and 1000 ppm pCO2). These results suggested that limpets showed increased sensitivity and stress response under future conditions. Furthermore, the increased variation in physiological response under the future scenario indicated that some individuals have higher physiological plasticity to cope with these conditions. While short-term acclimation to reduced pH seawater decreases the ability of partial individuals against thermal stress, physiological plasticity and variability seem to be crucial in allowing some intertidal animals to survive in a rapidly changing environment.

ACS Style

Jie Wang; Bayden D. Russell; Meng-Wen Ding; Yun-Wei Dong. Ocean acidification increases the sensitivity of and variability in physiological responses of an intertidal limpet to thermal stress. Biogeosciences 2018, 15, 2803 -2817.

AMA Style

Jie Wang, Bayden D. Russell, Meng-Wen Ding, Yun-Wei Dong. Ocean acidification increases the sensitivity of and variability in physiological responses of an intertidal limpet to thermal stress. Biogeosciences. 2018; 15 (9):2803-2817.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jie Wang; Bayden D. Russell; Meng-Wen Ding; Yun-Wei Dong. 2018. "Ocean acidification increases the sensitivity of and variability in physiological responses of an intertidal limpet to thermal stress." Biogeosciences 15, no. 9: 2803-2817.

Reports
Published: 01 May 2018 in Ecology
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Ecologically dominant species often define ecosystem states, but as human disturbances intensify, their subordinate counterparts increasingly displace them. We consider the duality of disturbance by examining how environmental drivers can simultaneously act as a stressor to dominant species and as a resource to subordinates. Using a model ecosystem, we demonstrate that CO2‐driven interactions between species can account for such reversals in dominance; i.e., the displacement of dominants (kelp forests) by subordinates (turf algae). We established that CO2 enrichment had a direct positive effect on productivity of turfs, but a negligible effect on kelp. CO2 enrichment further suppressed the abundance and feeding rate of the primary grazer of turfs (sea urchins), but had an opposite effect on the minor grazer (gastropods). Thus, boosted production of subordinate producers, exacerbated by a net reduction in its consumption by primary grazers, accounts for community change (i.e., turf displacing kelp). Ecosystem collapse, therefore, is more likely when resource enrichment alters competitive dominance of producers, and consumers fail to compensate. By recognizing such duality in the responses of interacting species to disturbance, which may stabilize or exacerbate change, we can begin to understand how intensifying human disturbances determine whether or not ecosystems undergo phase shifts.

ACS Style

Sean D. Connell; Zoë A. Doubleday; Nicole R. Foster; Sarah Hamlyn; Christopher D. G. Harley; Brian Helmuth; Brendan P. Kelaher; Ivan Nagelkerken; Kirsten L. Rodgers; Gianluca Sarà; Bayden D. Russell. The duality of ocean acidification as a resource and a stressor. Ecology 2018, 99, 1005 -1010.

AMA Style

Sean D. Connell, Zoë A. Doubleday, Nicole R. Foster, Sarah Hamlyn, Christopher D. G. Harley, Brian Helmuth, Brendan P. Kelaher, Ivan Nagelkerken, Kirsten L. Rodgers, Gianluca Sarà, Bayden D. Russell. The duality of ocean acidification as a resource and a stressor. Ecology. 2018; 99 (5):1005-1010.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sean D. Connell; Zoë A. Doubleday; Nicole R. Foster; Sarah Hamlyn; Christopher D. G. Harley; Brian Helmuth; Brendan P. Kelaher; Ivan Nagelkerken; Kirsten L. Rodgers; Gianluca Sarà; Bayden D. Russell. 2018. "The duality of ocean acidification as a resource and a stressor." Ecology 99, no. 5: 1005-1010.

Journal article
Published: 15 December 2017 in Scientific Reports
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Extreme climatic events, such as heatwaves, are predicted to be more prevalent in future due to global climate change. The devastating impacts of heatwaves on the survival of marine organisms may be further intensified by ocean acidification. Here, we tested the hypothesis that prolonged exposure to heatwave temperatures (24 °C, +3 °C summer seawater temperature) would diminish energy budget, body condition and ultimately survival of a subtidal gastropod (Thalotia conica) by pushing close to its critical thermal maximum (CTmax). We also tested whether ocean acidification (pCO2: 1000 ppm) affects energy budget, CTmax and hence survival of this gastropod. Following the 8-week experimental period, mortality was markedly higher at 24 °C irrespective of pCO2 level, probably attributed to energy deficit (negative scope for growth) and concomitant depletion of energy reserves (reduced organ weight to flesh weight ratio). CTmax of T. conica appeared at 27 °C and was unaffected by ocean acidification. Our findings imply that prolonged exposure to heatwaves can compromise the survival of marine organisms below CTmax via disruption in energy homeostasis, which possibly explains their mass mortality in the past heatwave events. Therefore, heatwaves would have more profound effects than ocean acidification on future marine ecosystems.

ACS Style

Jonathan Y. S. Leung; Sean D. Connell; Bayden D. Russell. Heatwaves diminish the survival of a subtidal gastropod through reduction in energy budget and depletion of energy reserves. Scientific Reports 2017, 7, 17688 .

AMA Style

Jonathan Y. S. Leung, Sean D. Connell, Bayden D. Russell. Heatwaves diminish the survival of a subtidal gastropod through reduction in energy budget and depletion of energy reserves. Scientific Reports. 2017; 7 (1):17688.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jonathan Y. S. Leung; Sean D. Connell; Bayden D. Russell. 2017. "Heatwaves diminish the survival of a subtidal gastropod through reduction in energy budget and depletion of energy reserves." Scientific Reports 7, no. 1: 17688.