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To comprehensively understand the law of urban-rural relationship and propose scientific measures of urban-rural coordinated development in Northeast China, this study uses the coupling coordination degree model and geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) model to analyze the spatial-temporal patterns and the corresponding driving mechanisms of its urban-rural coordination since 1990. The results are as follows. First, the urban-rural coupling coordination degree in Northeast China was very low and improved slowly, but its stages of evolution is a good interpretation of the strategic arrangements of China’s urbanization. Second, the urban-rural coupling coordination degree in Northeast China had spatial differences and was characterized by central polarization, converging on urban agglomeration, which was high in the south and low in the north. Moreover, the gap between the north and south weakened. Third, the spatial-temporal evolution of the urban-rural coordination relationship in Northeast China was influenced by pulling from the central cities, pushing from rural transformation, and government regulations. The influence intensity of the three mechanisms was weak, but the pulling from the central cities was stronger than that of the other two mechanisms. Furthermore, the spatial difference between the three mechanisms determines the spatial pattern and its evolution of the urban-rural coordination relationship in Northeast China. Fourth, to promote the development of urban-rural coordination in Northeast China, it is essential to advance urban-rural economic correlation, enhance the government’s role in regulating and guiding, and adopt different policies for each region in Northeast China.
Ying Wang; Xiaohong Chen; Pingjun Sun; Hang Liu; Jiaxin He. Spatial-temporal Evolution of the Urban-rural Coordination Relationship in Northeast China in 1990–2018. Chinese Geographical Science 2021, 31, 429 -443.
AMA StyleYing Wang, Xiaohong Chen, Pingjun Sun, Hang Liu, Jiaxin He. Spatial-temporal Evolution of the Urban-rural Coordination Relationship in Northeast China in 1990–2018. Chinese Geographical Science. 2021; 31 (3):429-443.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYing Wang; Xiaohong Chen; Pingjun Sun; Hang Liu; Jiaxin He. 2021. "Spatial-temporal Evolution of the Urban-rural Coordination Relationship in Northeast China in 1990–2018." Chinese Geographical Science 31, no. 3: 429-443.
As an emerging financial entity, venture capital has a significant impact on regional development. However, the research on venture capital mainly focuses on the fields of finance, management, and economics, and fewer researchers study venture capital from the perspective of geography and space. This research explored the evolution characteristics and influence mechanism of Chinese venture capital spatial agglomeration. The innovation of this paper lies in including the spatial effect and conducting a spatial econometric analysis of the spatial agglomeration of venture capital in China after the exploratory analysis of the factors affecting the spatial agglomeration of venture capital. Firstly, based on the data of study area, this paper found that the spatial distribution of venture capital in China had an obvious agglomeration characteristic by using multiple measurement methods. Secondly, by constructing the spatial econometric model based on three different spatial weight matrices, we found that the science and technology environment, financial environment, social environment, and entrepreneurial environment levels were the main factors to affect the agglomeration of venture capital. Thirdly, due to the degree of spatial agglomeration of venture capital being divided into three stages in terms of time dimension, after the regression analysis of different periods, we found that the factors which affected spatial agglomeration of venture capital changed significantly with the passage of time. In addition, from the regression results of eastern, central, and western region samples, we can see that the degree of spillover effect was the lowest in the central region, the highest in the western region, and the middle in the eastern region. At last, this paper provided useful policy enlightenment for enterprise innovation, industrial upgrading, and regional economic management.
Li Yao; Alex Singleton; Pingjun Sun; Guanpeng Dong. The Evolution Characteristics and Influence Mechanism of Chinese Venture Capital Spatial Agglomeration. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 2974 .
AMA StyleLi Yao, Alex Singleton, Pingjun Sun, Guanpeng Dong. The Evolution Characteristics and Influence Mechanism of Chinese Venture Capital Spatial Agglomeration. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (6):2974.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi Yao; Alex Singleton; Pingjun Sun; Guanpeng Dong. 2021. "The Evolution Characteristics and Influence Mechanism of Chinese Venture Capital Spatial Agglomeration." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 6: 2974.
Enhancing urban development vitality and optimizing the allocation of regional industrial factors require a comprehensive analysis of listed companies, such as the overall distribution network, agglomeration evolution trend, industrialization layout, and driving mechanism. Using 1,624 A-share listed companies in China's Yangtze River Economic Belt as research area, this study integrated trend surface analysis (TSA), exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA), standard deviation ellipse (SDE), and spatial regression model methods. The main results are as follows: (1) The overall quantity scale of the listed companies in the Yangtze River Economic Belt has achieved significant growth, but the spatial difference of location selection persists. The spatial configuration formed a hierarchical urban distribution pattern with the Yangtze River Delta region as the agglomeration core and the provincial capitals as the fulcrum. (2) Listed companies accelerate the expansion of the Yangtze River Delta region. Chengdu, Wuhan, Changsha, and other central-western provincial capitals gradually increased the region’s attractiveness. High-high and low-low agglomerations remain the main forms of agglomeration. (3) There are significant differences in the location selection of listed companies with varying specialization levels, forming a relatively different alienated high-value distribution structure among various industry types. (4) The levels of knowledge spillover, city scale, and policy support level are major factors affecting the location selection process of listed companies in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. For low-level city network with few listed companies, city scale and knowledge spillover levels are significant determinants for the development of headquarters’ economy. For high-level city network, along with the level of knowledge spillovers and policy support, globalization level has an important contribution to the shaping of the location advantages of attracting the layout of listed companies.
Deyu Meng; Guoen Wei; Pingjun Sun. Analyzing the Characteristics and Causes of Location Spatial Agglomeration of Listed Companies: An Empirical Study of China’s Yangtze River Economic Belt. Complexity 2020, 2020, 1 -14.
AMA StyleDeyu Meng, Guoen Wei, Pingjun Sun. Analyzing the Characteristics and Causes of Location Spatial Agglomeration of Listed Companies: An Empirical Study of China’s Yangtze River Economic Belt. Complexity. 2020; 2020 ():1-14.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDeyu Meng; Guoen Wei; Pingjun Sun. 2020. "Analyzing the Characteristics and Causes of Location Spatial Agglomeration of Listed Companies: An Empirical Study of China’s Yangtze River Economic Belt." Complexity 2020, no. : 1-14.
National distance (ND) is the key factor that affects international trade but the traditional trade gravity model only considers spatial distance, which is not enough. This paper therefore constructs a trade gravity model and a Generalized Moment Estimation Model (GMM) based on four dimensions—spatial distance (SD), economic distance (ED), institutional distance (ID) and cultural distance (CD)—comprehensively analyzing the impact of the heterogeneity represented by national distance on exports of wooden forest products (EWFP) from China to countries along the “Belt and Road” using panel data from 2001 to2018. The results show that the impacts of the four types of ND on China’s EWFP are different and that a major change has taken place since the “Belt and Road” initiative was proposed, within which CD has become the key factor that hinders exports, while the traditional SD is not significant. Therefore, using NDs instead of the SD of the traditional trade gravity model is much more reasonable. Finally, this paper proposes some suggestions to reduce the ND between China and the route countries and to promote cooperation among them.
Tianbo Wu; Bin Zhang; Yukun Cao; Pingjun Sun. Impact of Multi-Dimensional and Dynamic Distance on China’s Exports of Wooden Forest Products to Countries along the “Belt and Road”. Sustainability 2020, 12, 3339 .
AMA StyleTianbo Wu, Bin Zhang, Yukun Cao, Pingjun Sun. Impact of Multi-Dimensional and Dynamic Distance on China’s Exports of Wooden Forest Products to Countries along the “Belt and Road”. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (8):3339.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTianbo Wu; Bin Zhang; Yukun Cao; Pingjun Sun. 2020. "Impact of Multi-Dimensional and Dynamic Distance on China’s Exports of Wooden Forest Products to Countries along the “Belt and Road”." Sustainability 12, no. 8: 3339.
In order to analyze the coordination relationship between investment potential and economic development and its driving mechanisms, this study integrated the entropy weight method, coupling coordination degree model, exploratory spatial data analysis, geographic detector, and geographically weighted regression model. The developed approach was applied using data from 51 African countries from 2008 to 2016. The results showed that: (1) While the level of economic development in the African continent has increased steadily, the overall investment potential needs to be improved. The mean economic development index rose from 0.116 to 0.151, but the economic gap among countries was still highly evident. (2) Uncoordinated development and barely coordinated development level were the dominant types of relationship between investment potential and economic development in African countries. The spatial distribution showed significant agglomeration characteristics; the sub-hot spot and sub-cold point regions maintained strong dependence with their hot spot and cold point counterparts. The hot spot areas gradually formed an agglomeration in Southern Africa and highly fragmented distribution in other areas. The cold spot areas formed a spatial distribution pattern of “one core and one belt” with some countries in Western Africa forming the core, while some Central and East African countries constituting the belt. (3) The coordination relationship between investment potential and economic development was influenced mainly by factors including economic base, residents’ living standard, industrial construction level, information support level, and business friendliness. Using geographically weighted regression coefficient distribution of indicators, the driving mechanisms of spatial distribution could be divided into five types: economic base driven, industry-driven, information application-driven, business convenience-driven, and consumer market-driven.
Guoen Wei; Pingjun Sun; Zhenke Zhang; Xiao Ouyang. The Coordinated Relationship between Investment Potential and Economic Development and Its Driving Mechanism: A Case Study of the African Region. Sustainability 2020, 12, 442 .
AMA StyleGuoen Wei, Pingjun Sun, Zhenke Zhang, Xiao Ouyang. The Coordinated Relationship between Investment Potential and Economic Development and Its Driving Mechanism: A Case Study of the African Region. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (1):442.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuoen Wei; Pingjun Sun; Zhenke Zhang; Xiao Ouyang. 2020. "The Coordinated Relationship between Investment Potential and Economic Development and Its Driving Mechanism: A Case Study of the African Region." Sustainability 12, no. 1: 442.
As an emerging financial entity, venture capital has a significant impact on regional development and local production systems. Previous research results pay more attention to the spatial distribution and agglomeration of venture capital but pay less attention to its spatial externality. This paper used the panel data of 31 provincial-level regions in China from 2003 to 2017 to measure the industrial structure upgrading level from the two dimensions of rationalization of industrial structure and upgrading of industrial structure. Based on regional heterogeneity that determines industrial structure upgrading, local effects and externalities of venture capital, and omission factors, this paper constructs spatial econometrics models of venture capital and industrial structure upgrading. Firstly, venture capital and industrial structure upgrading all have obvious spatial autocorrelation and form different agglomeration areas in local areas. Therefore, regional venture capital and industrial structure upgrading are closely related to regional location factors. China’s venture capital has unique spatial attributes. Secondly, venture capital has a significant role in promoting the industrial structure upgrading, although its simulative effect is weak. In addition, in order to further explore the influence mechanism of regional industrial structure upgrading, this paper found the local fixed asset investment level and R&D intensity promoted the upgrading process of local industrial structure at a significant level. The study of this paper has important implications for the formulation of appropriate regional venture investment policies to promote the optimization and upgrading of industrial structures and sustainable development during the transition period of economic development.
Li Yao; Jie Lu; Pingjun Sun. Venture Capital and Industrial Structure Upgrading from the Perspective of Spatial Spillover. Sustainability 2019, 11, 6698 .
AMA StyleLi Yao, Jie Lu, Pingjun Sun. Venture Capital and Industrial Structure Upgrading from the Perspective of Spatial Spillover. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (23):6698.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi Yao; Jie Lu; Pingjun Sun. 2019. "Venture Capital and Industrial Structure Upgrading from the Perspective of Spatial Spillover." Sustainability 11, no. 23: 6698.
The overall planning of urban and rural areas is the focus of municipal administrative area (MAA) planning in the process of economic globalization, and village-town system planning is the key to the overall planning of urban and rural areas. Based on the theory of spatial equilibrium and economic logic, an objective municipal administrative area spatial zoning model (M-MSZ) was constructed in our previous study. The M-MSZ model can provide guidance in the planning of a village-town system. This paper takes a city in the south of Heilongjiang Province in China as an example and compares the M-MSZ model with six traditional MAA spatial zoning models (the urban growth boundary model, land use planning model, spatial governance zoning model, major MAA location, layout and planning model, development timing-order and zoning model, and scale and function zoning model) to verify the value and superiority of the M-MSZ model in the planning of a village-town system. The consistency Kappa values were 78.2%, 83.3%, 82.3%, 79.8%, 75.7%, and 83.9%, respectively, which means that the M-MSZ model was highly consistent with those comparison models. Meanwhile, the regression coefficient R2 is higher than that of the traditional spatial zoning models, which means that the objectivity of the M-MSZ model is higher than that of traditional models. The superiority of the M-MSZ model over the traditional MAA spatial zoning model lies not only in its capacity to grasp the core content of village-town system planning, but also in its capacity to unify the decentralized urban system planning models that are used for village-town system planning, while realizing the objectivity of a weight assignment. Its unified model structure, objective integrated model system, and high accuracy make the M-MSZ model capable of solving the key problems associated with village-town system planning, with many advantages, such as easy operation, high efficiency, good inheritance, low cost, and greater objectivity, detail, and accuracy. In addition, it can provide a reference for the development model of a MAA village-town system.
Yujing Zhao; Hong Leng; Pingjun Sun; Qing Yuan. Application and Validation of a Municipal Administrative Area Spatial Zoning Model in Village-Town System Planning. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1855 .
AMA StyleYujing Zhao, Hong Leng, Pingjun Sun, Qing Yuan. Application and Validation of a Municipal Administrative Area Spatial Zoning Model in Village-Town System Planning. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (7):1855.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYujing Zhao; Hong Leng; Pingjun Sun; Qing Yuan. 2019. "Application and Validation of a Municipal Administrative Area Spatial Zoning Model in Village-Town System Planning." Sustainability 11, no. 7: 1855.
The multi planning contradictions and maladjustment of spatial management that evolved from an unbalanced development are becoming increasingly serious in China; therefore, it is imperative to know how to coordinate spatial planning. The scientific division of spatial unit attributes and the identification of ecological–agricultural production–living spaces (EPLs) have become the key scientific problems of this period. The existing urban structure zoning model, the urban growth boundary model, and the function-oriented zoning model show three main shortcomings: the difficult data acquisition and the large limitation of the application because of their high requirements of the related parameters, strong subjective weight setting, and lack of comprehensive zoning in the EPLs practice. This paper builds a quantitative and easily operated model for the spatial zoning of municipal administrative areas (MAA) based on the existing spatial equilibrium model for regional development. Three representative cities in China were modeled empirically with this model and the results were compared with those obtained by the existing models. We investigated the image consistency of this model to the three existing models where the Kappa values were 85.9%, 88.2%, and 85.2%, respectively, with an average of 86.4%. This showed that the model could reduce the data limitation and expand the scope of the application while ensuring the accuracy of the model’s analysis results. Meanwhile, the EPLs zoning was clearer, which made the spatial plan coordination more efficient and scientific. Overall, this model could not only solve the problem of the EPLs zoning and spatial plan coordination in MAA, but also guide urban land use planning from two dimensions of space and time and effectively promote the coordination and sustainable development of spatial planning.
Yujing Zhao; Hong Leng; Pingjun Sun; Qing Yuan. A Spatial Zoning Model of Municipal Administrative Areas Based on Major Function-Oriented Zones. Sustainability 2018, 10, 2976 .
AMA StyleYujing Zhao, Hong Leng, Pingjun Sun, Qing Yuan. A Spatial Zoning Model of Municipal Administrative Areas Based on Major Function-Oriented Zones. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (9):2976.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYujing Zhao; Hong Leng; Pingjun Sun; Qing Yuan. 2018. "A Spatial Zoning Model of Municipal Administrative Areas Based on Major Function-Oriented Zones." Sustainability 10, no. 9: 2976.
The capacity of new installed photovoltaic (PV) in China in 2017 was increased to 53.06 GW, reaching a total of 402.5 GW around the world. Photovoltaic applications have a significant role in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and alleviating electricity shortages in the sustainable development process of cities. Research on the factors that influenced the spatial distribution of photovoltaic applications mostly focus on a certain project or a region. However, it is a complicated process for decision-making of photovoltaic installations in urban areas. This study uses zip code level data from 83 cities to investigate the influence of local environmental, economic and social variables on the spatial distribution of photovoltaic applications across China’s urban areas. By analyzing the current situation, the locations of urban photovoltaic applications are collected and presented. Statistical analysis software is used to evaluate the influence of selected variables. In this paper, correlation analysis, principle component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis are generated to predict urban photovoltaic installations. The results of this research show that Gross Domestic Product (GDP), electricity consumption, policy incentives, the number of photovoltaic companies, population, age, education and rate of urbanization were important factors that influenced the adoption of urban photovoltaic systems. The results also indicate that Southeast China and Hangzhou Province are currently the most promising areas as they have a higher rate of solar photovoltaic installation. These conclusions have significancefor energy policy and planning strategies by predicting the future development of urban photovoltaic applications.
Alin Lin; Ming Lu; Pingjun Sun. The Influence of Local Environmental, Economic and Social Variables on the Spatial Distribution of Photovoltaic Applications across China’s Urban Areas. Energies 2018, 11, 1986 .
AMA StyleAlin Lin, Ming Lu, Pingjun Sun. The Influence of Local Environmental, Economic and Social Variables on the Spatial Distribution of Photovoltaic Applications across China’s Urban Areas. Energies. 2018; 11 (8):1986.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlin Lin; Ming Lu; Pingjun Sun. 2018. "The Influence of Local Environmental, Economic and Social Variables on the Spatial Distribution of Photovoltaic Applications across China’s Urban Areas." Energies 11, no. 8: 1986.
Investigating urban structures based on the intrametropolitan location of economic activities (e.g., industrial districts or industrial clusters) is an increasingly important theme in empirical metropolitan studies. However, the lack of an adequate research methodology and theoretical foundations has restricted the in-depth examination of underlying mechanisms that form metropolitan industrial clusters, especially when considering the differentiated roles played by two key processes: localization economies and interindustry linkages. This paper proposes an approach to systematically examining and detecting the clustering of economic activities within a metropolitan area using the city of Shenyang as a case study. The present study was based on census data, which enumerated the number of firms by economic sector at the city block level. Analytical results revealed that geographic clusters were formed by interindustry linkages. Results from applying the sectoral geographic clustering model suggested that water conservancy, environmental protection and public facilities management, healthcare and social welfare, and public management and organizations seemed to follow the formation of intracity industrial clusters at the city block level. The central business district in Shenyang offers many services to manufacturing sectors and thus plays an important role in the location of manufacturing activities. Manufacturing locations, in turn, strongly affected how the transportation, warehousing, and postal locations and networks were formulated. Overall, the spatial organization of economic activity in the Shenyang metropolitan area can be characterized as having the structure of a focal core and peripheral areas. The large-scale decentralization and polynucleation of economic activities are not apparent within the metropolitan area. The outcome of applying the presented model shows that it has great potential for understanding intracity urban forms.
Pingjun Sun; Chunliang Xiu; Ruiqiu Pang; Wei Song. Improvement and Application of the Sectoral Enterprises Geographic Clustering Model and Its Formed Urban Structure. Journal of Urban Planning and Development 2016, 142, 05016006 .
AMA StylePingjun Sun, Chunliang Xiu, Ruiqiu Pang, Wei Song. Improvement and Application of the Sectoral Enterprises Geographic Clustering Model and Its Formed Urban Structure. Journal of Urban Planning and Development. 2016; 142 (4):05016006.
Chicago/Turabian StylePingjun Sun; Chunliang Xiu; Ruiqiu Pang; Wei Song. 2016. "Improvement and Application of the Sectoral Enterprises Geographic Clustering Model and Its Formed Urban Structure." Journal of Urban Planning and Development 142, no. 4: 05016006.
Urbanization is a comprehensive concept, a trinity process that is based on the interactions and mutual influences among the population urbanization, economic urbanization and space urbanization, in which, people are the central and leading players in this process, while economic activities serve as the driving force and space is the carrier—the physical or material setting as well as the product. So the coordination among these processes is crucial for a country or region’s sustainable development. China is experiencing rapid growth of cities and a surge in urban population, with the basic national condition of many people and little land, which calls for a systematic study of the issue of coordinated urbanization from theoretical, methodological and practical perspectives. Based on the concept of urbanization and non-coordination of urbanization, this article built a quantitative method to identify and evaluate the urbanization and non-coordination of urbanization, and made an empirical analysis in China between 2000 and 2008. The results show that the non-coordination overall level of China’s urbanization declined during the study period, because population urbanization, economic urbanization, and space urbanization exhibited different trajectories of change. This study also reveals that performance assessment system, household registration system, and urban land expropriation system, etc., are the main affecting factors. At the end, we put forward some suggestions to achieve sustainable development of China’s urbanization from the aspects of improving the local government’s objective function, implementing the urban planning system, enforcing public participation aspects and so on.
Pingjun Sun; Wei Song; Chunliang Xiu; Zhenming Liang. Non-coordination in China’s urbanization: Assessment and affecting factors. Chinese Geographical Science 2013, 23, 729 -739.
AMA StylePingjun Sun, Wei Song, Chunliang Xiu, Zhenming Liang. Non-coordination in China’s urbanization: Assessment and affecting factors. Chinese Geographical Science. 2013; 23 (6):729-739.
Chicago/Turabian StylePingjun Sun; Wei Song; Chunliang Xiu; Zhenming Liang. 2013. "Non-coordination in China’s urbanization: Assessment and affecting factors." Chinese Geographical Science 23, no. 6: 729-739.