This paper investigates the heat transfer characteristics of hydrostatic bearing in a 5m vertical lathe based on fluid-solid-heat coupling analysis. The relationship among convective heat transfer coefficient of hydrostatic bearing friction pairs, rotational speed and load is deduced. The influence of rotational speed, heavy load and convection mode on heat dissipation performance of friction pairs in a hydrostatic bearing is investigated by numerical simulation and experimental test. It is found that the temperature of the upper and side surfaces of rotational workbench decreases slightly with the increase of rotational speed and heavy load, and the temperature of the upper and side surfaces are 26.6 °C and 22.4 °C respectively when its rotational speed is 60r/min and load is 25t, compared with 10r/min and 25t load, and the temperature decreases by 6.3% and 4.7% respectively, then the temperature remains basically constant, the heat transfer mode of rotational workbench is mainly forced convection. Rotational speed is the main factor that affects the heat transfer characteristics of the rotational workbench, the effect is greater when the rotational speed is less than 60r/min, and there is little effect when it is higher than 60r/min, the load has less effect on heat transfer characteristics. However, the heat transfer mode of the base is mainly heat conduction and natural convection.