Aquaculture emerges as a crucial solution for addressing the global food shortage of an estimated 10 billion people by 2050. In Türkiye, aquaculture plays a significant role in supporting the economy and ensuring food security. Over the past two decades, finfish production in Türkiye surged from 61,163 to 547,505 t, generating $1.7 billion in export revenue across over 100 countries. This growth has been driven by technological advancements, robust governmental support, and increasing global demand for aquaculture products. However, the sector also faces persistent challenges, including the need to enhance sustainability, mitigate ecological impacts, and manage finite resources. As Europe's leading fish producer, the Turkish aquaculture sector must continue to innovate and expand to meet the demands of a growing population. Despite the expanding research on Turkish finfish aquaculture, there is no comprehensive review that consolidates both scientific progress and sectoral developments. This study fills that void by combining a bibliometric analysis of 1958 scientific publications from 1983 to 2023 with an in‐depth sectoral evaluation, providing a holistic understanding of the Turkish aquaculture sector. The bibliometric analysis highlights key research areas, trends, and knowledge gaps, while the sectoral overview examines production trends, dynamics of the feed industry, technological innovations, and economic factors. It also addresses challenges such as climate change impacts, reliance on imported feed ingredients, and disease issues, discussing potential avenues for sustainable growth through innovation, policy reforms, and technological integration. This review serves as a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders, offering insights into the current state and future directions of finfish aquaculture in Türkiye.

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye su ürünleri yetiştiriciliğinde en fazla üretilen ikinci tür olan gökkuşağı alabalığının (Oncorhynchus mykiss) genel ve illere göre üretim miktarları, değerleri, işletme sayıları ve kapasiteleri değerlendirilerek ekonomiye katkıları ve potansiyellerinin ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. 2020 yılında Dünya’da toplam su ürünleri üretimi 178 milyon ton olurken, yetiştiricilik üretimi 87,5 milyon tondur. Gökkuşağı alabalığı yetiştiriciliği 2020’de Dünya’da 77 ülkede ve yaklaşık 1,02 milyon ton olarak elde edilmiştir. İran 197.370 ton ile ilk sırada, Türkiye 144.283 ton ile ikinci sırada yer almaktadır. Ülkemizde, 10 yıllık değişime bakıldığında 2012 yılında yetiştiricilik miktarı 212.410 tondan, 2021 yılında 471.686 tona çıkmıştır. Türkiye’de 2021 yılında yapılan toplam 471.686 ton yetiştiriciliğinin %35’ini, bu tür oluşturmaktadır. Gökkuşağı alabalığı yetiştiriciliği Türkiye’de toplam 68 ilde yapılmaktadır. Ülke genelinde 58 ilde toplam 1.435 milyar adet yavru üretim kapasitesine sahip 493 adet gökkuşağı alabalığı kuluçkahanesi bulunmaktadır. Gökkuşağı alabalığı yetiştiriciliğinde Elazığ (26.500 ton; %16) ilk sırada gelmekte, Muğla (22.000 ton; %13); Samsun (13.045 ton; %8), Trabzon (9.800 ton; %4,6) ve Şanlıurfa (7.658 ton; %4) ise Elazığ’ı takip etmektedir. 2012-2021 yılları arasında iç sularda yetiştiriciliği yapılan gökkuşağı alabalığının satış fiyatının 4,99-24,14 TL (2,71-2,78 ABD doları) arasında, denizlerde yetiştiriciliği gökkuşağı alabalığının ise 6,78-32,83 TL (3,69-3,78 ABD doları) arasında değiştiği bulunmuştur. Gökkuşağı alabalığı yetiştiriciliğin iç sularda 3.238.960.360 TL (363.611.540 ABD doları) ve denizlerde 1.034.440.470 TL (116.268.210 ABD doları) olmak üzere ekonomiye toplam katkısı 4.273.400.830 TL (479.879.750 ABD doları) olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Gökkuşağı alabalıklarının, Karadeniz'deki denizel ağ kafes işletmelerinde kilogram üzeri büyütüldükten sonra, iç piyasa ve ihraç ürün olarak satış etiketlerinde “Türk Somonu” ticari ismi kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Türkiye, “Türk Somonu” olarak tescillenen gökkuşağı alabalığı üretiminde, Dünya'daki yerini sağlamlaştırmak için gelecek planlamalarını şu noktalarda yoğunlaştırmasında fayda vardır. Bunlar arasında mevcut pazarların korunup bununla birlikte yeni pazarlara girilmesine yönelik girişimler, su kaynaklarını taşıma kapasitelerinin gözetilerek çevreyle dost sürdürülebilir kullanımı, hammadde-enerji-akaryakıt gibi yetiştiricilik üretim girdilerinin minimalize edilmesi için yerli alternatiflerin/yerinde üretimlerin kullanılması sayılabilir.

This study aimed to determine the effects of diets replacing soybean meal with safflower meal and phytase enzyme on feed utilization, growth performance, body composition, serum biological parameters, and environmental effects of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). To this aim, five different isonitrogenous (44%) and isocaloric (23 kJ) experimental feeds were formulated as follows: the control group (C) containing no safflower meal and enzyme; SFM10 and SFM20 groups containing 10% and 20% of safflower meal instead of soybean meal, respectively; and SFM10 ± P₁₀₀₀ and SFM20 ± P₂₀₀₀ groups containing 10% safflower meal and 1000 IU/kg phytase and 20% safflower meal and 2000 IU/kg phytase, respectively. Juveniles (12.57 ± 3.05 g average weight) were fed for 60 days. As a result, the best growth rate and feed conversion were recorded in the SFM20 ± P₂₀₀₀ group with 127.07 ± 7.73% and 1.13 ± 0.020, respectively p<0.05. On the contrary, total phosphorus in SFM20 ± P₂₀₀₀ group trial feed was 1.20 ± 0.02, while 0.70 ± 0.08 was found in feces that is the best result between other groups. ALP, LDH, TPROT, CHOL, and triglyceride levels were not statistically different among the experimental groups. ALT, AST, glucose, and albumin levels in serum resulted to be affected by different phytase levels but without any negative effect on fish growth and fish health status. Cholesterol level in the SFM10 ± P₁₀₀₀ group was the highest and positively affected growth and health status of this group. In conclusion, 20% safflower meal replacement along with 2000 IU/kg microbial phytase in feeds can be considered suitable for rainbow trout due to its sustainability and reduced environmental effects due to reduced phosphorous excretion.

Ceratophyllum demersum is a submerged, rootless, freefloating macrophyte and natural aquatic phytoremediation. C. demersum has high efficiency in absorbing large amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus in the aquatic environment. In this study, the effects of a natural phytoremediation Ceratophyllum demersum meal, as a dietary supplement, on growth performance, feed utilization, and body composition of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.,1758) were investigated. This was the first attempt to use coontail as a feed additive for common carp. Four isonitrogenous (38% crude protein), isolipidic (8% crude lipid), and isoenergetic (18 kJ g-1) diets were formulated control group (0%), CM5 group (5%), CM10 group (10%) and CM15 group (15%) in feed. Each dietary treatment was administered to triplicate in groups of 15 fish (~19 g). Carp were hand-fed to apparent saturation three times a day (09.00; 12.00 and 17.00). There was no difference between the control diet and 5% CM in terms of growth (final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate) and feed utilization (feed conversion rate, feed intake, feed efficiency) (p < 0.05). Increasing algae levels in diets improved protein levels in body compositions while decreasing lipid. There was no sign of appeared fish health indicators (disease or deformity) in all diet groups. This study results showed that instead of soybean meal, 5.75% and 6.07% as natural phytoremediation, C. demersum optimized the best growth and feed utilization performance in carp diets.

Plant-based additives or botanicals, have garnered considerable interest in the aquaculture industry for their multifaceted benefits in fish diets. In this study, a 30 days short term feeding experiment was designed to determine the effects of Myrrh (Commiphora myrrha) essential oil on hematological, biochemical parameters and tissue specific mRNA expression responses of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Fish were experimentally infected with Aeromonas hydrophila and monitored for 20 days after been divided in four groups: a control group without C. myrrha and three experimental groups supplemented with 0.25%, 0.50%, and 1.0% C. myrrha essential oil (CMO 0.25, CMO 0.50, and CMO 1.0, respectively). Results revealed a significant increase in RBC count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit values compared to the control diet. Positive effects of C. myrra supplementation have been observed also in serum biochemistry parameters. mRNA transcripts of il-1ß, tnf-ɑ, il-8, sod, cat, gpx and gst genes significantly increased in spleen and liver tissue of fish fed with C. myrra supplemented diets. After the challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila, the survival rates were 60%, and 83.33%, respectively, suggesting enhanced fish resistance in the CMO 0.50 and CMO 1.0 groups compared to the control. The results suggest the immunomodulatory roles of C. myrrha essential oil.