Path planning creates the shortest path from the source to the destination based on sensory information obtained from the environment. Within path planning, obstacle avoidance is a crucial task in robotics, as the autonomous operation of robots needs to reach their destination without collisions. Obstacle avoidance algorithms play a key role in robotics and autonomous vehicles. These algorithms enable robots to navigate their environment efficiently, minimizing the risk of collisions and safely avoiding obstacles. This article provides an overview of key obstacle avoidance algorithms, including classic techniques such as the Bug algorithm and Dijkstra’s algorithm, and newer developments like genetic algorithms and approaches based on neural networks. It analyzes in detail the advantages, limitations, and application areas of these algorithms and highlights current research directions in obstacle avoidance robotics. This article aims to provide comprehensive insight into the current state and prospects of obstacle avoidance algorithms in robotics applications. It also mentions the use of predictive methods and deep learning strategies.

3D printing of food materials is among the innovations that could revolutionize people's food choices and consumption. Food innovation and production have advanced considerably in recent years and its market has shown rapid annual expansion. Printing food technologies are considered as a potential solution for producing customized foods such as military food, and astronaut food. The printable food ink material still lacks standardization and superior extrusion process compared to other 3D printing industries. This review paper aimed to provide a comprehensive review of the current foods 3D printing and the latest technology in certain terms and with its concrete applications. In particular, the following issues are discussed: the printing techniques, exudations classes, business prospects, technologies, printing parameters, food materials, safety, and challenges and limitations of food 3D printing along with possible improvement recommendations. Significant printing parameters have been summarized and the safety of the food printing has been evaluated. Moreover, this article also contains a detailed, tabular evaluation of technical approaches employed across researched based and commercially available systems. One of the major limitations that need to be resolved was standardization of food printing safety.

Impairments of fingers, wrist, and hand forearm result in significant hand movement deficiencies and daily task performance. Most of the existing rehabilitation assistive robots mainly focus on either the wrist training or fingers, and they are limiting the natural motion; many mechanical parts associated with the patient’s arms, heavy and expensive. This paper presented the design and development of a new, cost-efficient Finger and wrist rehabilitation mechatronics system (FWRMS) suitable for either hand right or left. The proposed machine aimed to present a solution to guide individuals with severe difficulties in their everyday routines for people suffering from a stroke or other motor diseases by actuating seven joints motions and providing them repeatable Continuous Passive Motion (CPM). FWRMS approach uses a combination of; grounded-exoskeleton structure to provide the desired displacement to the hand’s four fingers flexion/extension (F/E) driven by an indirect feed drive mechanism by adopting a leading screw and nut transmission; and an end-effector structure to provide angular velocity to the wrist flexion/ extension (F/E), wrist radial/ulnar deviation (R/U), and forearm supination/pronation (S/P) driven by a rotational motion mechanism. We employed a single dual-sided actuator to power both mechanisms. Additionally, this article presents the implementation of a portable embedded controller. Moreover, this paper addressed preliminary experimental testing and evaluation process. The conducted test results of the FWRMS robot achieved the required design characteristics and executed the motion needed for the continuous passive motion rehabilitation and provide stable trajectories guidance by following the natural range of motion (ROM) and a functional workspace of the targeted joints comfortably for all trainable movements by FWRMS.