In Northwest China, the concentration of sediment in the Yellow River is high. The flow patterns in the forebay and inlet tank of a pumping station on the river are disordered, and sediment deposition endangers the normal operation and safety of the pumping station. To address this problem, the three-dimensional two-phase water–sediment flow in the forebay of the pumping station is modeled using fluid simulation software, and diagrams of the sediment content and velocity streamline in the flow layers of different sections are obtained. Combined with the multiphase flow theory of mixtures and the realizable $k–\epsilon$ turbulent kinetic energy equation, the location and formation mechanism of each vortex, as well as the area and degree of sediment deposition in the forebay, are analyzed. The actual engineering and numerical simulation results are compared to verify the accuracy of the simulation, and the operating conditions of each pump port under different unit operating conditions are proposed. The results show that the deposition of sediment has different effects on the outlets of the pumps, but its impact on pump Nos. 4, 5, and 6 is small. After desilting, the velocity uniformity and deflection angle of pumps 4, 5, and 6 are improved to a certain extent. This study provides specific guidance for the construction and reconstruction of a pumping station forebay to avoid the impacts of backflow areas and sediment deposition to a certain extent.

The issues related to the big data and energy reports of the Internet of Things (IoT) have become a hot topic in recent years. As a typical representative of issues related to IoT big data and energy reports, groundwater development, energy utilization and water environment protection have attracted the attention of all sectors of society based on the Internet of Things big data. With the rapid development of China’s economy and society, the demand for water resources is growing day by day. As an important part of people’s living and production water, the exploitation of groundwater is also increasing year by year. However, many problems caused by groundwater exploitation and utilization, such as surface subsidence, collapse, ground fissure, seawater intrusion, water quality deterioration, etc., have seriously affected the economy, society and people’s normal life. At present, China is increasingly short of water resources. The problem of environmental pollution is increasingly serious, which seriously affects the survival of the people. Environmental protection based on big data and the Internet of Things is an effective measure to solve the current problems of groundwater development, energy utilization and water environment protection. Therefore, to ensure China’s economic development and residents’ water safety, it is not only necessary to reasonably develop and use water resources, but also to protect the water environment to avoid water shortage caused by water quality problems. On this basis, this paper analyzed and discussed the current situation of groundwater resources utilization in China, with a view to fundamentally solving the problems of groundwater energy utilization and water environment protection in China. Research showed that the energy utilization rate had been in a low state until 2017, with the highest water pollution level of 92% and poor water quality. Since 2018, due to the maturity of the big data technology of the Internet of Things, energy utilization has been generally improved in all regions. The degree of water pollution has reached a new historical low. The quality of water sources has been improved, and the residents’ satisfaction with the energy utilization of groundwater development and water environment protection has reached 96%. The changes in various signs have laid the foundation for the long-term development of the country. The research in this paper has important guiding significance for solving problems related to IoT big data and energy reports.

Owing to the different degrees of bending in rivers in nature, it is difficult to conduct experiments in situ. In this study, the renormalization group (RNG) k-ε turbulence model in ANSYS Fluent was used to analyze the three-dimensional flow structure and turbulence characteristics near a spur dike and to evaluate the variation trend of flow in rivers with different degrees of bending. The results show that in channels with different curvatures, the vortex appears between the spur dikes and is disturbed by the permeable hole, and the backflow area moves downstream. The strength of secondary flow (SSF) fluctuates greatly in the vicinity of the spur dike and the downstream region, and the peak value appears 3.22 m (21.5 times L) away from the inlet of the bend. The SSF increases as the bend curvature increases. The SSF displays similar variation trends in the three kinds of bends. The peak value of normalized turbulent kinetic energy (NTKE) appears 3.14 m away from the entrance of the bend, the NTKE is the largest in the 45° bend and the smallest in the 180° bend, and it decreases only at distances of 3.25–4.19 m away from the entrance of the bend as the bend curvature increases.

Because the movement of water and sediment is complex, the flow pattern in a forebay can be disordered, which can significantly affect the pumping efficiency of a pump station. Using a pumping station in Ningxia, a multiphase water–sand flow model is built based on field measurements and practical engineering. The vortex flow pattern and the cause of sediment deposition are analyzed by numerical simulations and experiments. Furthermore, 36 rectification measures are proposed to improve the vortex flow pattern and sediment deposition in the forebay. The results show that various rectification measures can correct the flow pattern disorder in the horizontal section of the forebay at different angles. However, the correction effect is not obvious in the slope section. For the first time, a combination plan of adding plates to the back wall of the pumping station is proposed. This strategy not only improves the vortex area of the horizontal section of the forebay but also diverts the vortices of the slope section, reducing the vortex range and the sediment content. At the same time, the flow velocity uniformity of the inlet section of the combined optimal solution increases by 19.22%, and the shear angle decreases by 8.81°. The combination of numerical simulation and experimental analysis demonstrates the accuracy of the combined plan, corrects the flow pattern in the forebay, and reduces the sediment content.