The internal friction properties of the aramid woven fabrics modified by carboxylated cellulose nanofibers (CNF-C) were studied, in order to better investigate the effect of CNF-C on the internal friction properties of the aramid woven fabrics, the yarn pull-out force of the modified aramid fabrics were tested by single yarn pull-out test. The chemical structure and surface morphology of the aramid fibers were characterized by Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that the strong hydrogen bond between CNF-C and aramid fiber and the dipole–dipole interaction between the polar groups of the fiber (such as –NH, –C = O) and hydroxyl groups are the bond mechanism. Compared with the untreated fabrics, the yarn pull-out force and fiber surface roughness of the CNF-C modified aramid fabrics are significantly improved. When the impregnation time is 0.5 h and the CNF-C concentration is 1 wt%, the yarn pull-out force reaches the maximum of 13.3 N, which is increased by 133.3% compared with the untreated aramid fabrics. The internal friction properties of the aramid woven fabrics are obviously increased by modification.

In order to characterize the process-induced distortions of 3D thin shell composites with complex shape, the multilayered biaxial weft knitted (MBWK) fabric reinforced high-performance composite helmet was selected as the research object, and the 3D laser scanning machine was used to scan the helmet surface, then the 3D scanning data was compared with the CAD model to evaluate the deformation. The results and discussion indicated that the conventional method was workable, but the speed of convergence was slow and the calculation results were easy to drop into local optimization. According to detailed analysis, a measurement method focusing on the principle of “Feature Distance” was developed. The measurement results shown that this method can not only give accurate results, but also reduce working procedure and greatly save the computing resources, which is proved to be a feasible approach for the deformation measurement foundation of 3D thin shell textile composites.

In order to know the shearing shrinkage properties of multilayered biaxial weft knitted (MBWK) fabrics, the change rule of forming angle, the number of fibers at different forming height and shearing shrinkage were studied, respectively. Through the experiment of MBWK fabrics draping on cylinder and cube, the results show that the number of fibers increases with the increase of forming height, and the fiber volume content reaches the maximum when the forming height reaches the maximum. Besides, the shearing shrinkage is positively correlated with forming height and negatively correlated with the cylinder diameter and the cross-section length of the cube. The obtained formula of shearing shrinkage can be used to evaluate the formability of fabrics as the theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental data.

Textile composites with excellent properties such as higher specific strength, high modulus and high temperature resistance have wide application prospect in the fields of military, aerospace and automobile. In this review, the recent study on impact resistance of nanomodified textile composites is summarized and the latest characterization methods of textile composites interface are introduced. In addition, the importance of interfacial properties on impact resistance of textile composites is emphasized. Finally, the prospect on impact resistance of nanomodified textile composites is discussed.

The evolution of rehabilitation aids from passive mechanical devices to intelligent systems is reshaping human motor function recovery. However, traditional orthoses often lack adaptability and comfort, highlighting the need for advanced material solutions. This review systematically explores the role of Shape Memory Textile Composites (SMTCs) in limb orthotics, bridging material science with clinical rehabilitation. We first analyze biomechanical regulation strategies for distinct limb deformities to establish design requirements. Subsequently, we discuss how SMTCs leverage advanced resin matrices and intelligent textile structures to resolve the inherent conflict between mechanical support and physiological compliance, emphasizing their environmental adaptability and active responsiveness. Furthermore, we propose a closed loop rehabilitation paradigm that integrates multi source sensing with artificial intelligence algorithms. The study concludes that fusing SMTCs with intelligent systems facilitates a transition from passive support to active neural remodeling, offering a critical pathway for next generation precision rehabilitation ecosystems. Graphical Abstract

The helmet shell material featuring a gradient in bending is urgently required for the next-generation integrated helmet system. However, achieving a bending gradient design for orthogonal woven composites on a 3D shell surface is a significant challenge. Here, nonorthogonal woven composites at 30°, 45°, and 60° were fabricated, and their bending properties are discussed. Furthermore, their bending properties are compared to those of plain off-axis woven composites, which indicates that the bending linearity trend of nonorthogonal woven composites is evident. Notably, the bending strength of the 30° and 60° nonorthogonal woven composites is 66.9 and 67.4% higher, respectively, than that of the plain off-axis woven composites, and the bending modulus is 169.8 and 196.9% higher, respectively. Finally, a finite element analysis of the bending properties of nonorthogonal woven composites was conducted, and a stress analysis of the inner layers was also conducted. This work paves the way for designing gradient materials for helmet shells.