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Prof. Youn-Il Park
Chungnam National University, Republic of Korea

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0 Algae
0 Synthetic Biology
0 plant
0 photobiology
0 Genomics and transcriptomics

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Journal article
Published: 16 April 2021 in Plants
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Both obtaining high-yielding, viable protoplasts and following reliable regeneration protocols are prerequisites for the continuous expansion and development of newly emerging systems involving protoplast utilization. This study determines an efficient process from protoplast isolation to shoot regeneration in vitro. The maximum yield of protoplast extraction, which was 6.36 ± 0.51 × 106 protoplasts/g fresh weight (FW), was approximately 3.7 times higher than that previously reported for potato protoplasts. To obtain data, wounded leaves were used by partially cutting both sides of the midrib, and isolated protoplasts were purified by the sucrose cushion method, with a sucrose concentration of 20%. We confirmed a significant effect on the extraction efficiency by measuring enzymolysis during a 6 h period, with three times more washing buffer than the amount normally used. Protoplasts fixed in alginate lenses with appropriate space were successfully recovered and developed into microcalli 2 weeks after culture. In addition, to induce high efficiency regeneration from protoplasts, calli in which greening occurred for 6 weeks were induced to develop shoots in regeneration medium solidified by Gelrite, and they presented a high regeneration efficiency of 86.24 ± 11.76%.

ACS Style

Ki-Beom Moon; Ji-Sun Park; Su-Jin Park; Hyo-Jun Lee; Hye-Sun Cho; Sung-Ran Min; Youn-Il Park; Jae-Heung Jeon; Hyun-Soon Kim. A More Accessible, Time-Saving, and Efficient Method for In Vitro Plant Regeneration from Potato Protoplasts. Plants 2021, 10, 781 .

AMA Style

Ki-Beom Moon, Ji-Sun Park, Su-Jin Park, Hyo-Jun Lee, Hye-Sun Cho, Sung-Ran Min, Youn-Il Park, Jae-Heung Jeon, Hyun-Soon Kim. A More Accessible, Time-Saving, and Efficient Method for In Vitro Plant Regeneration from Potato Protoplasts. Plants. 2021; 10 (4):781.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ki-Beom Moon; Ji-Sun Park; Su-Jin Park; Hyo-Jun Lee; Hye-Sun Cho; Sung-Ran Min; Youn-Il Park; Jae-Heung Jeon; Hyun-Soon Kim. 2021. "A More Accessible, Time-Saving, and Efficient Method for In Vitro Plant Regeneration from Potato Protoplasts." Plants 10, no. 4: 781.

Original article
Published: 01 September 2020 in Plant Biotechnology Reports
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Peptide TRansporters (PTRs) translocate nitrogen (N)-containing substances across cellular membranes. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the seed-abundant, tonoplast-localized AtPTR2 protein is involved in the regulation of water status during seed germination and is negatively regulated by ABA INSENSITIVE4 (ABI4). A survey of publicly available whole-genome sequencing and RNA-seq data revealed that the genomes of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) harbors three homologs of the AtPTR2 gene, TaPTR2.1, TaPTR2.2, and TaPTR2.3, and transcripts of TaPTR2.1 are detected both in dry and germinating seeds, similar to AtPTR2. However, the functional role of TaPTR2.1 during seed germination has not yet been characterized. In the present study, changes in TaPTR2.1 transcript levels were investigated in the wheat cultivar Keumgang in response to phytohormone, sugar, and osmoticum treatments. A transient increase in the transcript level of TaPTR2.1 during seed germination was significantly lowered by abscisic acid (ABA) and PEG4000 treatments. Further, overexpression of the TaPTR2.1 gene under the control of the Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter in the Arabidopsis ptr2 mutant rescued the delayed seed germination phenotype by restoring the seed water status. Together, these results suggest that TaPTR2.1 regulates the water status of wheat seeds during germination in an ABA-dependent manner.

ACS Style

Myoung-Goo Choi; Eui Joong Kim; Jin Jeon; Seok Won Jeong; Kyeong-Hoon Kim; Chul Soo Park; Chon-Sik Kang; Youn-Il Park. Expression of wheat Peptide TRansporter 2.1 (TaPTR2.1) during early seed germination. Plant Biotechnology Reports 2020, 14, 627 -634.

AMA Style

Myoung-Goo Choi, Eui Joong Kim, Jin Jeon, Seok Won Jeong, Kyeong-Hoon Kim, Chul Soo Park, Chon-Sik Kang, Youn-Il Park. Expression of wheat Peptide TRansporter 2.1 (TaPTR2.1) during early seed germination. Plant Biotechnology Reports. 2020; 14 (5):627-634.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Myoung-Goo Choi; Eui Joong Kim; Jin Jeon; Seok Won Jeong; Kyeong-Hoon Kim; Chul Soo Park; Chon-Sik Kang; Youn-Il Park. 2020. "Expression of wheat Peptide TRansporter 2.1 (TaPTR2.1) during early seed germination." Plant Biotechnology Reports 14, no. 5: 627-634.

Journal article
Published: 06 August 2020 in Microorganisms
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In microalgae, photosynthesis provides energy and sugar phosphates for the biosynthesis of storage and structural carbohydrates, lipids, and nitrogenous proteins. The oleaginous alga Nannochloropsis salina does not preferentially partition photoassimilates among cellulose, chrysolaminarin, and lipids in response to nitrogenous nutrient deprivation. In the present study, we investigated whether genetic impairment of the cellulose synthase gene (CesA) expression would lead to protein accumulation without the accumulation of storage C polymers in N. salina. Three cesA mutants were generated by the CRISPR/Cas9 approach. Cell wall thickness and cellulose content were reduced in the cesA1 mutant, but not in cesA2 or cesA4 cells. CesA1 mutation resulted in a reduction of chrysolaminarin and neutral lipid contents, by 66.3% and 37.1%, respectively, but increased the soluble protein content by 1.8-fold. Further, N. salina cells with a thinned cell wall were susceptible to mechanical stress, resulting in a 1.7-fold enhancement of lipid extractability. Taken together, the previous and current studies strongly suggest the presence of a controlling mechanism that regulates photoassimilate partitioning toward C and N metabolic pathways as well as the cellulose metabolism as a potential target for cost-effective microalgal cell disruption and as a useful protein production platform.

ACS Style

Seok Won Jeong; Kwon Hwangbo; Jong Min Lim; Seung Won Nam; Bong Soo Lee; Byeong-Ryool Jeong; Yong Keun Chang; Won-Joong Jeong; Youn-Il Park. Genetic Impairment of Cellulose Biosynthesis Increases Cell Wall Fragility and Improves Lipid Extractability from Oleaginous Alga Nannochloropsis salina. Microorganisms 2020, 8, 1195 .

AMA Style

Seok Won Jeong, Kwon Hwangbo, Jong Min Lim, Seung Won Nam, Bong Soo Lee, Byeong-Ryool Jeong, Yong Keun Chang, Won-Joong Jeong, Youn-Il Park. Genetic Impairment of Cellulose Biosynthesis Increases Cell Wall Fragility and Improves Lipid Extractability from Oleaginous Alga Nannochloropsis salina. Microorganisms. 2020; 8 (8):1195.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Seok Won Jeong; Kwon Hwangbo; Jong Min Lim; Seung Won Nam; Bong Soo Lee; Byeong-Ryool Jeong; Yong Keun Chang; Won-Joong Jeong; Youn-Il Park. 2020. "Genetic Impairment of Cellulose Biosynthesis Increases Cell Wall Fragility and Improves Lipid Extractability from Oleaginous Alga Nannochloropsis salina." Microorganisms 8, no. 8: 1195.

Journal article
Published: 31 July 2020
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Leaf senescence is a developmental process by which a plant actively remobilizes nutrients from aged and photosynthetically inefficient leaves to young growing ones by disassembling organelles and degrading macromolecules. Senescence is accelerated by age and environmental stresses such as prolonged darkness. Phytochrome B (phyB) inhibits leaf senescence by inhibiting phytochrome-interacting factor 4 (PIF4) and PIF5 in prolonged darkness. However, it remains unknown whether phyB mediates the temperature signal that regulates leaf senescence. We found the light-activated form of phyB (Pfr) remains active at least four days after a transfer to darkness at 20°C but is inactivated more rapidly at 28°C. This faster inactivation of Pfr further increases PIF4 protein levels at the higher ambient temperature. In addition, PIF4 mRNA levels rise faster after the transfer to darkness at high ambient temperature via a mechanism that depends on ELF3 but not phyB. Increased PIF4 protein then binds to the ORE1 promoter and activates its expression together with ABA and ethylene signaling, accelerating leaf senescence at high ambient temperature. Our results support a role for the phy-PIF signaling module in integrating not only light signaling but also temperature signaling in the regulation of leaf senescence.

ACS Style

Chanhee Kim; Sun Ji Kim; Jinkil Jeong; Eunae Park; Eunkyoo Oh; Youn-Il Park; Pyung Ok Lim; Giltsu Choi. High Ambient Temperature Accelerates Leaf Senescence via PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 4 and 5 in Arabidopsis. 2020, 43, 645 -661.

AMA Style

Chanhee Kim, Sun Ji Kim, Jinkil Jeong, Eunae Park, Eunkyoo Oh, Youn-Il Park, Pyung Ok Lim, Giltsu Choi. High Ambient Temperature Accelerates Leaf Senescence via PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 4 and 5 in Arabidopsis. . 2020; 43 (7):645-661.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chanhee Kim; Sun Ji Kim; Jinkil Jeong; Eunae Park; Eunkyoo Oh; Youn-Il Park; Pyung Ok Lim; Giltsu Choi. 2020. "High Ambient Temperature Accelerates Leaf Senescence via PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 4 and 5 in Arabidopsis." 43, no. 7: 645-661.

Journal article
Published: 22 May 2020 in Molecules and Cells
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To perceive fluctuations in light quality, quantity, and timing, higher plants have evolved diverse photoreceptors including UVR8 (a UV-B photoreceptor), cryptochromes, phototropins, and phytochromes (Phys). In contrast to plants, prokaryotic oxygen-evolving photosynthetic organisms, cyanobacteria, rely mostly on bilin-based photoreceptors, namely, cyanobacterial phytochromes (Cphs) and cyanobacteriochromes (CBCRs), which exhibit structural and functional differences compared with plant Phys. CBCRs comprise varying numbers of light sensing domains with diverse color-tuning mechanisms and signal transmission pathways, allowing cyanobacteria to respond to UV-A, visible, and far-red lights. Recent genomic surveys of filamentous cyanobacteria revealed novel CBCRs with broader chromophore-binding specificity and photocycle protochromicity. Furthermore, a novel Cph lineage has been identified that absorbs blue-violet/yellow-orange light. In this minireview, we briefly discuss the diversity in color sensing and signal transmission mechanisms of Cphs and CBCRs, along with their potential utility in the field of optogenetics.

ACS Style

Yvette Villafani; Hee Wook Yang; Youn-Il Park. Color Sensing and Signal Transmission Diversity of Cyanobacterial Phytochromes and Cyanobacteriochromes. Molecules and Cells 2020, 43, 509 -516.

AMA Style

Yvette Villafani, Hee Wook Yang, Youn-Il Park. Color Sensing and Signal Transmission Diversity of Cyanobacterial Phytochromes and Cyanobacteriochromes. Molecules and Cells. 2020; 43 (6):509-516.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yvette Villafani; Hee Wook Yang; Youn-Il Park. 2020. "Color Sensing and Signal Transmission Diversity of Cyanobacterial Phytochromes and Cyanobacteriochromes." Molecules and Cells 43, no. 6: 509-516.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2020 in Journal of Biological Chemistry
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The atypical trichromatic cyanobacterial phytochrome NpTP1 from Nostoc punctiforme ATCC 29133 is a linear tetrapyrrole (bilin)-binding photoreceptor protein that possesses tandem-cysteine residues responsible for shifting its light-sensing maximum to the violet spectral region. Using bioinformatics and phylogenetic analyses, here we established that tandem-cysteine cyanobacterial phytochromes (TCCPs) compose a well-supported monophyletic phytochrome lineage distinct from prototypical red/far-red cyanobacterial phytochromes. To investigate the light-sensing diversity of this family, we compared the spectroscopic properties of NpTP1 (here renamed NpTCCP) with those of three phylogenetically diverged TCCPs identified in the draft genomes of Tolypothrix sp. PCC7910, Scytonema sp. PCC10023, and Gloeocapsa sp. PCC7513. Recombinant photosensory core modules of ToTCCP, ScTCCP, and GlTCCP exhibited violet-to-blue-absorbing dark states consistent with dual thioether-linked phycocyanobilin (PCB) chromophores. Photoexcitation generated singly-linked photoproduct mixtures with variable ratios of yellow-orange and red-absorbing species. The photoproduct ratio was strongly influenced by pH and by mutagenesis of TCCP- and phytochrome-specific signature residues. Our experiments support the conclusion that both photoproduct species possess protonated 15E bilin chromophores, but differ in the ionization state of the non-canonical “second” cysteine sulfhydryl group. We found that the ionization state of this and other residues influences subsequent conformational change and downstream signal transmission. We also show that tandem-cysteine phytochromes present in eukaryotes possess similar amino acid substitutions within their chromophore-binding pocket, which tune their spectral properties in an analogous fashion. Taken together, our findings provide a roadmap for tailoring the wavelength specificity of plant phytochromes to optimize plant performance in diverse natural and artificial light environments.

ACS Style

Ji-Joon Song; Ha Yong Lee; Hee Wook Yang; J. Clark Lagarias; Youn-Il Park. Spectral and photochemical diversity of tandem cysteine cyanobacterial phytochromes. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2020, 295, 6754 -6766.

AMA Style

Ji-Joon Song, Ha Yong Lee, Hee Wook Yang, J. Clark Lagarias, Youn-Il Park. Spectral and photochemical diversity of tandem cysteine cyanobacterial phytochromes. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2020; 295 (19):6754-6766.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ji-Joon Song; Ha Yong Lee; Hee Wook Yang; J. Clark Lagarias; Youn-Il Park. 2020. "Spectral and photochemical diversity of tandem cysteine cyanobacterial phytochromes." Journal of Biological Chemistry 295, no. 19: 6754-6766.

Article
Published: 29 January 2020 in Plant Molecular Biology
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Key message PTR2 inArabidopsis thalianais negatively regulated by ABI4 and plays a key role in water uptake by seeds, ensuring that imbibed seeds proceed to germination. Abstract Peptide transporters (PTRs) transport nitrogen-containing substrates in a proton-dependent manner. Among the six PTRs inArabidopsis thaliana, the physiological role of the tonoplast-localized, seed embryo abundant PTR2 is unknown. In the present study, a molecular physiological analysis of PTR2 was conducted usingptr2mutants andPTR2COcomplementation lines. Compared with the wild type, theptr2mutant showed ca. 6 h delay in testa rupture and consequently endosperm rupture because of 17% lower water content and 10% higher free abscisic acid (ABA) content. Constitutive overexpression of thePTR2gene under the control of the Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV)35Spromoter inptr2mutants rescued the mutant phenotypes. After cold stratification, a transient increase inABA INSENSITIVE4(ABI4) transcript levels during induction of testa rupture was followed by a similar increase inPTR2transcript levels, which peaked prior to endosperm rupture. ThePTR2promoter region containing multiple CCAC motifs was recognized by ABI4 in electrophoretic mobility shift assays, andPTR2expression was repressed by 67% inABI4overexpression lines compared with the wild type, suggesting that PTR2 is an immediate downstream target of ABI4. Taken together, the results suggest that ABI4-dependent temporal regulation ofPTR2expression may influence water status during seed germination to promote the post-germinative growth of imbibed seeds.

ACS Style

Myoung-Goo Choi; Eui Joong Kim; Ji-Young Song; Sang-Bong Choi; Seong-Woo Cho; Chul Soo Park; Chon-Sik Kang; Youn-Il Park. Peptide transporter2 (PTR2) enhances water uptake during early seed germination in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Molecular Biology 2020, 102, 615 -624.

AMA Style

Myoung-Goo Choi, Eui Joong Kim, Ji-Young Song, Sang-Bong Choi, Seong-Woo Cho, Chul Soo Park, Chon-Sik Kang, Youn-Il Park. Peptide transporter2 (PTR2) enhances water uptake during early seed germination in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Molecular Biology. 2020; 102 (6):615-624.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Myoung-Goo Choi; Eui Joong Kim; Ji-Young Song; Sang-Bong Choi; Seong-Woo Cho; Chul Soo Park; Chon-Sik Kang; Youn-Il Park. 2020. "Peptide transporter2 (PTR2) enhances water uptake during early seed germination in Arabidopsis thaliana." Plant Molecular Biology 102, no. 6: 615-624.

Journal article
Published: 20 January 2020 in Scientific Reports
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Like other halophilic cyanobacterial genomes, the de novo-assembled genome of Euhalothece sp. Z-M001 lacks genes encoding keto-carotenoid biosynthesis enzymes, despite the presence of genes encoding carotenoid-binding proteins (CBPs). Consistent with this, HPLC analysis of carotenoids identified β-carotene and zeaxanthin as the dominant carotenoids. CBPs coexpressed with the zeaxanthin biosynthesis gene increased the survival rates of Escherichia coli strains by preventing antibiotic-induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). RNA-seq analysis of Euhalothece revealed that among various salt resistance-related genes, those encoding the Na+ transporting multiple resistance and pH adaptation (Mrp) systems, glycine betaine biosynthesis enzymes, exopolysaccharide metabolic enzymes, and CBPs were highly upregulated, suggesting their importance in hypersaline habitats. During the early phase of salt deprivation, the amounts of β-carotene and zeaxanthin showed a negative correlation with ROS content. Overall, we propose that in some halophilic cyanobacteria, β-carotene and zeaxanthin, rather than keto-carotenoids, serve as the major chromophores for CBPs, which in turn act as effective antioxidants.

ACS Style

Hee Wook Yang; Ji Young Song; Sung Mi Cho; Hak Cheol Kwon; Cheol-Ho Pan; Youn-Il Park. Genomic Survey of Salt Acclimation-Related Genes in the Halophilic Cyanobacterium Euhalothece sp. Z-M001. Scientific Reports 2020, 10, 676 -11.

AMA Style

Hee Wook Yang, Ji Young Song, Sung Mi Cho, Hak Cheol Kwon, Cheol-Ho Pan, Youn-Il Park. Genomic Survey of Salt Acclimation-Related Genes in the Halophilic Cyanobacterium Euhalothece sp. Z-M001. Scientific Reports. 2020; 10 (1):676-11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hee Wook Yang; Ji Young Song; Sung Mi Cho; Hak Cheol Kwon; Cheol-Ho Pan; Youn-Il Park. 2020. "Genomic Survey of Salt Acclimation-Related Genes in the Halophilic Cyanobacterium Euhalothece sp. Z-M001." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1: 676-11.

Journal article
Published: 22 December 2019 in Microorganisms
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Endophytic bacteria (EB) are both a novel source of bioactive compounds that confer phytopathogen resistance and inducers of secondary metabolites in host plants. Twenty-seven EB isolated from various parts of Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Ginkgo biloba, Taxus brevifolia, Pinus densiflora, Salix babylonica, and S. chaenomeloides could produce salicylic acid (SA). The highest producers were isolates EB-44 and EB-47, identified as Pseudomonas tremae and Curtobacterium herbarum, respectively. Nicotiana benthamiana grown from EB-44-soaked seeds exhibited a 2.3-fold higher endogenous SA concentration and increased resistance against P. syringae pv. tabaci, the causative agent of tobacco wildfire disease, than plants grown from water-soaked seeds. N benthamiana and N. tabacum grown from EB-44-treated seeds developed 33% and 54% disease lesions, respectively, when infected with P. syringae pv. tabaci, and showed increased height and weight, in addition to 4.6 and 1.4-fold increases in nicotine accumulation, respectively. The results suggest that SA-producing EB-44 can successfully colonize Nicotiana spp., leading to increased endogenous SA production and resistance to tobacco wildfire disease. The newly isolated EB can offer an efficient and eco-friendly solution for controlling wildfire disease and nicotine accumulation in Nicotiana, with additional application for other important crops to increase both productivity and the generation of bioactive compounds.

ACS Style

Nurul Islam; Sarafat Ali; Seong-Jin Choi; Youn-Il Park; Kwang-Hyun Baek. Salicylic Acid-Producing Endophytic Bacteria Increase Nicotine Accumulation and Resistance against Wildfire Disease in Tobacco Plants. Microorganisms 2019, 8, 31 .

AMA Style

Nurul Islam, Sarafat Ali, Seong-Jin Choi, Youn-Il Park, Kwang-Hyun Baek. Salicylic Acid-Producing Endophytic Bacteria Increase Nicotine Accumulation and Resistance against Wildfire Disease in Tobacco Plants. Microorganisms. 2019; 8 (1):31.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nurul Islam; Sarafat Ali; Seong-Jin Choi; Youn-Il Park; Kwang-Hyun Baek. 2019. "Salicylic Acid-Producing Endophytic Bacteria Increase Nicotine Accumulation and Resistance against Wildfire Disease in Tobacco Plants." Microorganisms 8, no. 1: 31.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2018 in Molecules and Cells
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Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the third most important food crop, and breeding drought-tolerant varieties is vital research goal. However, detailed molecular mechanisms in response to drought stress in potatoes are not well known. In this study, we developed EMS-mutagenized potatoes that showed significant tolerance to drought stress compared to the wild-type (WT) ‘Desiree’ cultivar. In addition, changes to transcripts as a result of drought stress in WT and drought-tolerant (DR) plants were investigated by de novo assembly using the Illumina platform. One-week-old WT and DR plants were treated with −1.8 Mpa polyethylene glycol-8000, and total RNA was prepared from plants harvested at 0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h for subsequent RNA sequencing. In total, 61,100 transcripts and 5,118 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) displaying up- or down-regulation were identified in pairwise comparisons of WT and DR plants following drought conditions. Transcriptome profiling showed the number of DEGs with up-regulation and down-regulation at 909, 977, 1181, 1225 and 826 between WT and DR plants at 0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h, respectively. Results of KEGG enrichment showed that the drought tolerance mechanism of the DR plant can mainly be explained by two aspects, the ‘photosynthetic-antenna protein’ and ‘protein processing of the endoplasmic reticulum’. We also divided eight expression patterns in four pairwise comparisons of DR plants (DR0 vs DR6, DR12, DR24, DR48) under PEG treatment. Our comprehensive transcriptome data will further enhance our understanding of the mechanisms regulating drought tolerance in tetraploid potato cultivars.

ACS Style

Ki-Beom Moon; Dong-Joo Ahn; Ji-Sun Park; Won Yong Jung; Hye Sun Cho; Hye-Ran Kim; Jae-Heung Jeon; Youn-Il Park; Hyun-Soon Kim. Transcriptome Profiling and Characterization of Drought-Tolerant Potato Plant (Solanum tuberosum L.). Molecules and Cells 2018, 41, 979 -992.

AMA Style

Ki-Beom Moon, Dong-Joo Ahn, Ji-Sun Park, Won Yong Jung, Hye Sun Cho, Hye-Ran Kim, Jae-Heung Jeon, Youn-Il Park, Hyun-Soon Kim. Transcriptome Profiling and Characterization of Drought-Tolerant Potato Plant (Solanum tuberosum L.). Molecules and Cells. 2018; 41 (11):979-992.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ki-Beom Moon; Dong-Joo Ahn; Ji-Sun Park; Won Yong Jung; Hye Sun Cho; Hye-Ran Kim; Jae-Heung Jeon; Youn-Il Park; Hyun-Soon Kim. 2018. "Transcriptome Profiling and Characterization of Drought-Tolerant Potato Plant (Solanum tuberosum L.)." Molecules and Cells 41, no. 11: 979-992.

Original article
Published: 12 October 2018 in Plant Biotechnology Reports
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High-temperature stress related to global warming reduces the growth and productivity of seaweeds. Thus, the development of new strains is urgently required for maintaining or even enhancing the productivity of useful seaweeds such as red alga Pyropia yezoenesis in an increasingly warmer sea environment. To develop competitive high-temperature-tolerant strains of P. yezoensis (Sugwawon no. 104), we screened libraries of gamma-irradiated strains and identified high-temperature-resistant (HTR) mutants. Our results showed that HTR-1 and HTR-2 grew well at higher temperatures that inhibited the growth of the wild-type strain. The efficiency of conchosporangium maturation and conchospore release of HTR-1 was similar to or higher than the wild-type strain. Moreover, thallus growth, pigment content, photosynthetic efficiency, and monospore release from the growing thallus in HTR-1 could be maintained even at high temperature. Taken together, our data demonstrate that HTR-1 may be suitable for industrial cultivation at sea, even at elevated temperatures.

ACS Style

Yoon Ju Shin; Sung Ran Min; Da Yeon Kang; Jong-Min Lim; Eun-Jeong Park; Mi Sook Hwang; Dong-Woog Choi; Joon-Woo Ahn; Youn-Il Park; Won-Joong Jeong. Characterization of high temperature-tolerant strains of Pyropia yezoensis. Plant Biotechnology Reports 2018, 12, 365 -373.

AMA Style

Yoon Ju Shin, Sung Ran Min, Da Yeon Kang, Jong-Min Lim, Eun-Jeong Park, Mi Sook Hwang, Dong-Woog Choi, Joon-Woo Ahn, Youn-Il Park, Won-Joong Jeong. Characterization of high temperature-tolerant strains of Pyropia yezoensis. Plant Biotechnology Reports. 2018; 12 (5):365-373.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yoon Ju Shin; Sung Ran Min; Da Yeon Kang; Jong-Min Lim; Eun-Jeong Park; Mi Sook Hwang; Dong-Woog Choi; Joon-Woo Ahn; Youn-Il Park; Won-Joong Jeong. 2018. "Characterization of high temperature-tolerant strains of Pyropia yezoensis." Plant Biotechnology Reports 12, no. 5: 365-373.

Original research article
Published: 07 May 2018 in Frontiers in Plant Science
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Microalgae and higher plants employ an inorganic carbon (Ci) concentrating mechanism (CCM) to increase CO2 availability to Rubisco. Operation of the CCM should enhance the activity of the Calvin cycle, which could act as an electron sink for electrons generated by photosynthesis, and lower the redox status of photosynthetic electron transport chains. In this study, a hypothesis that microalgal cells with fully operating CCM are less likely to be photodamaged was tested by comparing a Chlorella mutant with its wild type (WT). The mutant acquired by screening gamma-ray-induced mutant libraries of Chlorella sp. ArM0029B exhibited constitutively active CCM (CAC) even in the presence of additional Ci sources under mixotrophic growth conditions. In comparison to the WT alga, the mutant named to constitutively active CCM1 (CAC1) showed more transcript levels for genes coding proteins related to CCM such as Ci transporters and carbonic anhydrases (CA), and greater levels of intracellular Ci content and CA activity regardless of whether growth is limited by light or not. Under photoinhibitory conditions, CAC1 mutant showed faster growth than WT cells with more PSII reaction center core component D1 protein (encoded by psbA), higher photochemical efficiency as estimated by the chlorophyll fluorescence parameter (Fv/Fm), and fewer reactive oxygen species (ROS). Interestingly, high light (HL)-induced increase in ROS contents in WT cells was significantly inhibited by bicarbonate supplementation. It is concluded that constitutive operation of CCM endows Chlorella cells with resistance to HL partly by reducing the endogenous generation of ROS. These results will provide useful information on the interaction between CCM expression, ROS production, and photodamage in Chlorella and related microalgae.

ACS Style

Kwon Hwangbo; Jong-Min Lim; Seok-Won Jeong; Jayaraman Vikramathithan; Youn-Il Park; Won-Joong Jeong. Elevated Inorganic Carbon Concentrating Mechanism Confers Tolerance to High Light in an Arctic Chlorella sp. ArM0029B. Frontiers in Plant Science 2018, 9, 1 .

AMA Style

Kwon Hwangbo, Jong-Min Lim, Seok-Won Jeong, Jayaraman Vikramathithan, Youn-Il Park, Won-Joong Jeong. Elevated Inorganic Carbon Concentrating Mechanism Confers Tolerance to High Light in an Arctic Chlorella sp. ArM0029B. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2018; 9 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kwon Hwangbo; Jong-Min Lim; Seok-Won Jeong; Jayaraman Vikramathithan; Youn-Il Park; Won-Joong Jeong. 2018. "Elevated Inorganic Carbon Concentrating Mechanism Confers Tolerance to High Light in an Arctic Chlorella sp. ArM0029B." Frontiers in Plant Science 9, no. : 1.

Research article
Published: 31 March 2018 in Plant Biotechnology Journal
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Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, reputed as the king of medicinal herbs, has slow growth, long generation time, low seed production and complicated genome structure that hamper its study. Here, we unveil the genomic architecture of tetraploid P. ginseng by de novo genome assembly, representing 2.98 Gbp with 59 352 annotated genes. Resequencing data indicated that diploid Panax species diverged in association with global warming in Southern Asia, and two North American species evolved via two intercontinental migrations. Two whole genome duplications (WGD) occurred in the family Araliaceae (including Panax) after divergence with the Apiaceae, the more recent one contributing to the ability of P. ginseng to overwinter, enabling it to spread broadly through the Northern Hemisphere. Functional and evolutionary analyses suggest that production of pharmacologically important dammarane‐type ginsenosides originated in Panax and are produced largely in shoot tissues and transported to roots; that newly evolved P. ginseng fatty acid desaturases increase freezing tolerance; and that unprecedented retention of chlorophyll a/b binding protein genes enables efficient photosynthesis under low light. A genome‐scale metabolic network provides a holistic view of Panax ginsenoside biosynthesis. This study provides valuable resources for improving medicinal values of ginseng either through genomics‐assisted breeding or metabolic engineering.

ACS Style

Nam-Hoon Kim; Murukarthick Jayakodi; Sang-Choon Lee; Beom-Soon Choi; Woojong Jang; Junki Lee; Hyun Hee Kim; Nomar Waminal; Meiyappan Lakshmanan; Binh Van Nguyen; Yun Sun Lee; Hyun-Seung Park; Hyun Jo Koo; Jee Young Park; Sampath Perumal; Ho Jun Joh; Hana Lee; Jinkyung Kim; In Seo Kim; Kyunghee Kim; Lokanand Koduru; Kyo Bin Kang; Sang Hyun Sung; Yeisoo Yu; Daniel S. Park; Doil Choi; Eunyoung Seo; Seungill Kim; Young-Chang Kim; Dong Yun Hyun; Youn-Il Park; Changsoo Kim; Tae-Ho Lee; Moon-Soo Soh; Yi Lee; Jun Gyo In; Heui-Soo Kim; Yong-Min Kim; Deok-Chun Yang; Rod Wing; Dong-Yup Lee; Andrew H. Paterson; Tae-Jin Yang. Genome and evolution of the shade-requiring medicinal herbPanax ginseng. Plant Biotechnology Journal 2018, 16, 1904 -1917.

AMA Style

Nam-Hoon Kim, Murukarthick Jayakodi, Sang-Choon Lee, Beom-Soon Choi, Woojong Jang, Junki Lee, Hyun Hee Kim, Nomar Waminal, Meiyappan Lakshmanan, Binh Van Nguyen, Yun Sun Lee, Hyun-Seung Park, Hyun Jo Koo, Jee Young Park, Sampath Perumal, Ho Jun Joh, Hana Lee, Jinkyung Kim, In Seo Kim, Kyunghee Kim, Lokanand Koduru, Kyo Bin Kang, Sang Hyun Sung, Yeisoo Yu, Daniel S. Park, Doil Choi, Eunyoung Seo, Seungill Kim, Young-Chang Kim, Dong Yun Hyun, Youn-Il Park, Changsoo Kim, Tae-Ho Lee, Moon-Soo Soh, Yi Lee, Jun Gyo In, Heui-Soo Kim, Yong-Min Kim, Deok-Chun Yang, Rod Wing, Dong-Yup Lee, Andrew H. Paterson, Tae-Jin Yang. Genome and evolution of the shade-requiring medicinal herbPanax ginseng. Plant Biotechnology Journal. 2018; 16 (11):1904-1917.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nam-Hoon Kim; Murukarthick Jayakodi; Sang-Choon Lee; Beom-Soon Choi; Woojong Jang; Junki Lee; Hyun Hee Kim; Nomar Waminal; Meiyappan Lakshmanan; Binh Van Nguyen; Yun Sun Lee; Hyun-Seung Park; Hyun Jo Koo; Jee Young Park; Sampath Perumal; Ho Jun Joh; Hana Lee; Jinkyung Kim; In Seo Kim; Kyunghee Kim; Lokanand Koduru; Kyo Bin Kang; Sang Hyun Sung; Yeisoo Yu; Daniel S. Park; Doil Choi; Eunyoung Seo; Seungill Kim; Young-Chang Kim; Dong Yun Hyun; Youn-Il Park; Changsoo Kim; Tae-Ho Lee; Moon-Soo Soh; Yi Lee; Jun Gyo In; Heui-Soo Kim; Yong-Min Kim; Deok-Chun Yang; Rod Wing; Dong-Yup Lee; Andrew H. Paterson; Tae-Jin Yang. 2018. "Genome and evolution of the shade-requiring medicinal herbPanax ginseng." Plant Biotechnology Journal 16, no. 11: 1904-1917.

Original article
Published: 08 January 2018 in Planta
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We demonstrated successful overexpression of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-derived GP4D and GP5D antigenic proteins in Arabidopsis. Pigs immunized with transgenic plants expressing GP4D and GP5D proteins generated both humoral and cellular immune responses to PRRSV. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes PRRS, the most economically significant disease affecting the swine industry worldwide. However, current commercial PRRSV vaccines (killed virus or modified live vaccines) show poor efficacy and safety due to concerns such as reversion of virus to wild type and lack of cross protection. To overcome these problems, plants are considered a promising alternative to conventional platforms and as a vehicle for large-scale production of recombinant proteins. Here, we demonstrate successful production of recombinant protein vaccine by expressing codon-optimized and transmembrane-deleted recombinant glycoproteins (GP4D and GP5D) from PRRSV in planta. We generated transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing GP4D and GP5D proteins as candidate antigens. To examine immunogenicity, pigs were fed transgenic Arabidopsis leaves expressing the GP4D and GP5D antigens (three times at 2-week intervals) and then challenged with PRRSV at 6-week post-initial treatment. Immunized pigs showed significantly lower lung lesion scores and reduced viremia and viral loads in the lung than pigs fed Arabidopsis leaves expressing mYFP (control). Immunized pigs also had higher titers of PRRSV-specific antibodies and significantly higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-12). Furthermore, the numbers of IFN-γ+-producing cells were higher, and those of regulatory T cells were lower, in GP4D and GP5D immunized pigs than in control pigs. Thus, plant-derived GP4D and GP5D proteins provide an alternative platform for producing an effective subunit vaccine against PRRSV.

ACS Style

Chul Han An; Salik Nazki; Sung-Chul Park; Yu Jeong Jeong; Ju Huck Lee; Su-Jin Park; Amina Khatun; Won-Il Kim; Youn-Il Park; Jae Cheol Jeong; Cha Young Kim. Plant synthetic GP4 and GP5 proteins from porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus elicit immune responses in pigs. Planta 2018, 247, 973 -985.

AMA Style

Chul Han An, Salik Nazki, Sung-Chul Park, Yu Jeong Jeong, Ju Huck Lee, Su-Jin Park, Amina Khatun, Won-Il Kim, Youn-Il Park, Jae Cheol Jeong, Cha Young Kim. Plant synthetic GP4 and GP5 proteins from porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus elicit immune responses in pigs. Planta. 2018; 247 (4):973-985.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chul Han An; Salik Nazki; Sung-Chul Park; Yu Jeong Jeong; Ju Huck Lee; Su-Jin Park; Amina Khatun; Won-Il Kim; Youn-Il Park; Jae Cheol Jeong; Cha Young Kim. 2018. "Plant synthetic GP4 and GP5 proteins from porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus elicit immune responses in pigs." Planta 247, no. 4: 973-985.

Comparative study
Published: 01 January 2018 in Database
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It is necessary for molecular breeders to overcome the difficulties in applying abundant genomic information to crop breeding. Candidate orthologs would be discovered more efficiently in less-studied crops if the information gained from studies of related crops were used. We developed a comparative analysis tool and web-based genome viewer to identify orthologous genes based synteny as well as sequence similarity between tomato, pepper and potato. The tool has a step-by-step interface with multiple viewing levels to support the easy and accurate exploration of functional orthologs. Furthermore, it provides access to single nucleotide-polymorphism markers from the massive genetic resource pool in order to accelerate the development of molecular markers for candidate orthologs in the Solanaceae. This tool provides a bridge between genome data and breeding by supporting effective marker development, data utilization and communication.

ACS Style

Junkyoung Choe; Ji-Eun Kim; Bong-Woo Lee; Jeong Hee Lee; Moon Nam; Youn-Il Park; Sung-Hwan Jo. A comparative synteny analysis tool for target-gene SNP marker discovery: connecting genomics data to breeding in Solanaceae. Database 2018, 2018, 1 .

AMA Style

Junkyoung Choe, Ji-Eun Kim, Bong-Woo Lee, Jeong Hee Lee, Moon Nam, Youn-Il Park, Sung-Hwan Jo. A comparative synteny analysis tool for target-gene SNP marker discovery: connecting genomics data to breeding in Solanaceae. Database. 2018; 2018 (1):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Junkyoung Choe; Ji-Eun Kim; Bong-Woo Lee; Jeong Hee Lee; Moon Nam; Youn-Il Park; Sung-Hwan Jo. 2018. "A comparative synteny analysis tool for target-gene SNP marker discovery: connecting genomics data to breeding in Solanaceae." Database 2018, no. 1: 1.

Review
Published: 14 November 2017 in Biotechnology for Biofuels
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Genome editing techniques are critical for manipulating genes not only to investigate their functions in biology but also to improve traits for genetic engineering in biotechnology. Genome editing has been greatly facilitated by engineered nucleases, dubbed molecular scissors, including zinc-finger nuclease (ZFN), TAL effector endonuclease (TALEN) and clustered regularly interspaced palindromic sequences (CRISPR)/Cas9. In particular, CRISPR/Cas9 has revolutionized genome editing fields with its simplicity, efficiency and accuracy compared to previous nucleases. CRISPR/Cas9-induced genome editing is being used in numerous organisms including microalgae. Microalgae have been subjected to extensive genetic and biological engineering due to their great potential as sustainable biofuel and chemical feedstocks. However, progress in microalgal engineering is slow mainly due to a lack of a proper transformation toolbox, and the same problem also applies to genome editing techniques. Given these problems, there are a few reports on successful genome editing in microalgae. It is, thus, time to consider the problems and solutions of genome editing in microalgae as well as further applications of this exciting technology for other scientific and engineering purposes.

ACS Style

Seungjib Jeon; Jong-Min Lim; Hyung-Gwan Lee; Sung-Eun Shin; Nam Kyu Kang; Youn-Il Park; Hee-Mock Oh; Won-Joong Jeong; Byeong-Ryool Jeong; Yong Keun Chang. Current status and perspectives of genome editing technology for microalgae. Biotechnology for Biofuels 2017, 10, 1 -18.

AMA Style

Seungjib Jeon, Jong-Min Lim, Hyung-Gwan Lee, Sung-Eun Shin, Nam Kyu Kang, Youn-Il Park, Hee-Mock Oh, Won-Joong Jeong, Byeong-Ryool Jeong, Yong Keun Chang. Current status and perspectives of genome editing technology for microalgae. Biotechnology for Biofuels. 2017; 10 (1):1-18.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Seungjib Jeon; Jong-Min Lim; Hyung-Gwan Lee; Sung-Eun Shin; Nam Kyu Kang; Youn-Il Park; Hee-Mock Oh; Won-Joong Jeong; Byeong-Ryool Jeong; Yong Keun Chang. 2017. "Current status and perspectives of genome editing technology for microalgae." Biotechnology for Biofuels 10, no. 1: 1-18.

Journal article
Published: 11 November 2017 in The Plant Journal
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Pumilio RNA-binding proteins are largely involved in mRNA degradation and translation repression. However, a few evolutionarily divergent Pumilios are also responsible for proper pre-rRNA processing in human and yeast. Here, we describe an essential Arabidopsis nucleolar Pumilio, APUM24, that is expressed in tissues undergoing rapid proliferation and cell division. A T-DNA insertion for APUM24 did not affect the male and female gametogenesis, but instead resulted in a negative female gametophytic effect on zygotic cell division immediately after fertilization. Additionally, the mutant embryos displayed defects in cell patterning from pro-embryo through globular stages. The mutant embryos were marked by altered auxin maxima, which were substantiated by the mislocalization of PIN1 and PIN7 transporters in the defective embryos. Homozygous apum24 callus accumulates rRNA processing intermediates, including uridylated and adenylated 5.8S and 25S rRNA precursors. An RNA–protein interaction assay showed that the histidine-tagged recombinant APUM24 binds RNAin vitro with no apparent specificity. Overall, our results demonstrated that APUM24 is required for rRNA processing and early embryogenesis in Arabidopsis.

ACS Style

Thiruvenkadam Shanmugam; Nazia Abbasi; Hyung‐Sae Kim; Ho Bang Kim; Nam‐Il Park; Guen Tae Park; Sung Aeong Oh; Soon Ki Park; Douglas G. Muench; Yeonhee Choi; Youn-Il Park; Sang‐Bong Choi. An Arabidopsis divergent pumilio protein, APUM 24, is essential for embryogenesis and required for faithful pre‐ rRNA processing. The Plant Journal 2017, 92, 1092 -1105.

AMA Style

Thiruvenkadam Shanmugam, Nazia Abbasi, Hyung‐Sae Kim, Ho Bang Kim, Nam‐Il Park, Guen Tae Park, Sung Aeong Oh, Soon Ki Park, Douglas G. Muench, Yeonhee Choi, Youn-Il Park, Sang‐Bong Choi. An Arabidopsis divergent pumilio protein, APUM 24, is essential for embryogenesis and required for faithful pre‐ rRNA processing. The Plant Journal. 2017; 92 (6):1092-1105.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Thiruvenkadam Shanmugam; Nazia Abbasi; Hyung‐Sae Kim; Ho Bang Kim; Nam‐Il Park; Guen Tae Park; Sung Aeong Oh; Soon Ki Park; Douglas G. Muench; Yeonhee Choi; Youn-Il Park; Sang‐Bong Choi. 2017. "An Arabidopsis divergent pumilio protein, APUM 24, is essential for embryogenesis and required for faithful pre‐ rRNA processing." The Plant Journal 92, no. 6: 1092-1105.

Journal article
Published: 13 July 2017 in Scientific Reports
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Microalgal photosynthesis provides energy and carbon-containing precursors for the biosynthesis of storage carbohydrates such as starch, chrysolaminarin, lipids, and cell wall components. Under mild nitrogen deficiency (N−), some Nannochloropsis species accumulate lipid by augmenting cytosolic fatty acid biosynthesis with a temporary increase in laminarin. Accordingly, biosynthesis of the cellulose-rich cell wall should change in response to N− stress because this biosynthetic pathway begins with utilisation of the hexose phosphate pool supplied from photosynthesis. However, few studies have characterised microalgal cell wall metabolism, including oleaginous Nannochloropsis sp. microalgae subjected to nitrogen deficiency. Here, we investigated N-induced changes in cellulose biosynthesis in N. salina. We observed that N− induced cell wall thickening, concurrently increased the transcript levels of genes coding for UDPG pyrophosphorylase and cellulose synthases, and increased cellulose content. Nannochloropsis salina cells with thickened cell wall were more susceptible to mechanical stress such as bead-beating and sonication, implicating cellulose metabolism as a potential target for cost-effective microalgal cell disruption.

ACS Style

Seok Won Jeong; Seung Won Nam; Kwon HwangBo; Won Joong Jeong; Byeong-Ryool Jeong; Yong Keun Chang; Youn-Il Park. Transcriptional Regulation of Cellulose Biosynthesis during the Early Phase of Nitrogen Deprivation in Nannochloropsis salina. Scientific Reports 2017, 7, 1 -11.

AMA Style

Seok Won Jeong, Seung Won Nam, Kwon HwangBo, Won Joong Jeong, Byeong-Ryool Jeong, Yong Keun Chang, Youn-Il Park. Transcriptional Regulation of Cellulose Biosynthesis during the Early Phase of Nitrogen Deprivation in Nannochloropsis salina. Scientific Reports. 2017; 7 (1):1-11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Seok Won Jeong; Seung Won Nam; Kwon HwangBo; Won Joong Jeong; Byeong-Ryool Jeong; Yong Keun Chang; Youn-Il Park. 2017. "Transcriptional Regulation of Cellulose Biosynthesis during the Early Phase of Nitrogen Deprivation in Nannochloropsis salina." Scientific Reports 7, no. 1: 1-11.

Journal article
Published: 30 June 2017 in Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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ACS Style

Seok-Won Jeong; Hankuil Yi; Hayoung Song; Soo-Seong Lee; Youn-Il Park; Yoonkang Hur. Chlorosis of Ogura-CMS Brassica rapa is due to down-regulation of genes for chloroplast proteins. Journal of Plant Biotechnology 2017, 44, 115 -124.

AMA Style

Seok-Won Jeong, Hankuil Yi, Hayoung Song, Soo-Seong Lee, Youn-Il Park, Yoonkang Hur. Chlorosis of Ogura-CMS Brassica rapa is due to down-regulation of genes for chloroplast proteins. Journal of Plant Biotechnology. 2017; 44 (2):115-124.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Seok-Won Jeong; Hankuil Yi; Hayoung Song; Soo-Seong Lee; Youn-Il Park; Yoonkang Hur. 2017. "Chlorosis of Ogura-CMS Brassica rapa is due to down-regulation of genes for chloroplast proteins." Journal of Plant Biotechnology 44, no. 2: 115-124.

Journal article
Published: 23 March 2017 in New Phytologist
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Despite the importance of pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins in organellar RNA metabolism and plant development, the functions of many PPR proteins remain unknown. Here, we determined the role of a mitochondrial PPR protein (At1g52620) comprising 19 PPR motifs, thus named PPR19, in Arabidopsis thaliana. The ppr19 mutant displayed abnormal seed development, reduced seed yield, delayed seed germination, and retarded growth, indicating that PPR19 is indispensable for normal growth and development of Arabidopsis thaliana. Splicing pattern analysis of mitochondrial genes revealed that PPR19 specifically binds to the specific sequence in the 3'-terminus of the NADH dehydrogenase 1 (nad1) transcript and stabilizes transcripts containing the second and third exons of nad1. Loss of these transcripts in ppr19 leads to multiple secondary effects on accumulation and splicing of other nad1 transcripts, from which we can infer the order in which cis- and trans-spliced nad1 transcripts are normally processed. Improper splicing of nad1 transcripts leads to the absence of mitochondrial complex I and alteration of the nuclear transcriptome, notably influencing the alternative splicing of a variety of nuclear genes. Our results indicate that the mitochondrial PPR19 is an essential component in the splicing of nad1 transcripts, which is crucial for mitochondrial function and plant development.

ACS Style

Kwanuk Lee; Ji Hoon Han; Youn-Il Park; Catherine Colas Des Francs‐Small; Ian Small; Hunseung Kang. The mitochondrial pentatricopeptide repeat protein PPR 19 is involved in the stabilization of NADH dehydrogenase 1 transcripts and is crucial for mitochondrial function and Arabidopsis thaliana development. New Phytologist 2017, 215, 202 -216.

AMA Style

Kwanuk Lee, Ji Hoon Han, Youn-Il Park, Catherine Colas Des Francs‐Small, Ian Small, Hunseung Kang. The mitochondrial pentatricopeptide repeat protein PPR 19 is involved in the stabilization of NADH dehydrogenase 1 transcripts and is crucial for mitochondrial function and Arabidopsis thaliana development. New Phytologist. 2017; 215 (1):202-216.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kwanuk Lee; Ji Hoon Han; Youn-Il Park; Catherine Colas Des Francs‐Small; Ian Small; Hunseung Kang. 2017. "The mitochondrial pentatricopeptide repeat protein PPR 19 is involved in the stabilization of NADH dehydrogenase 1 transcripts and is crucial for mitochondrial function and Arabidopsis thaliana development." New Phytologist 215, no. 1: 202-216.