Research on video analysis for fire detection has become a hot topic in computer vision. However, the conventional algorithms use exclusively rule-based models and features vector to classify whether a frame is fire or not. These features are difficult to define and depend largely on the kind of fire observed. The outcome leads to low detection rate and high false-alarm rate. A different approach for this problem is to use a learning algorithm to extract the useful features instead of using an expert to build them. In this paper, we propose a convolutional neural network (CNN) for identifying fire in videos. Convolutional neural network are shown to perform very well in the area of object classification. This network has the ability to perform feature extraction and classification within the same architecture. Tested on real video sequences, the proposed approach achieves better classification performance as some of relevant conventional video fire detection methods and indicates that using CNN to detect fire in videos is very promising.

This paper presents a novel approach for smoke detection to overcome forest wildfires based on machine learning technique (Deep Belief Network). Video smoke detection is applied on many surveillance and security applications. Smoke detection method should have a high detection rate to have a strong detector of smoke detection. Deep Belief Network which is a stacked layers of Restricted Boltzman Machine is the technique that we used for smoke detection. This technique extracts and classify smoke and no smoke regions simultaneously. The effectiveness of our implemented smoke detection method is evaluated after calculating smoke detection rate, time of pre-traing and time of fine-tuning. The higher is the detection rate the better is the smoke method and the lowest is the time of pre-training and fine-tuning the speeder is the method for smoke detection.

Smoke detection plays an important role in forest safety warning systems and fire prevention. Complicated changes in the shape, texture, and color of smoke remain a substantial challenge to identify smoke in a given image. In this paper, a new algorithm using the deep belief network (DBN) is designed for smoke detection. Unlike popular deep convolutional networks (e.g., Alex-Net, VGG-Net, Res-Net, Dense-Net, and the denoising convolution neural network (DNCNN), specifically devoted to detecting smoke), our proposed end-to-end network is mainly based on DBN. Indeed, most traditional smoke detection algorithms follow the pattern recognition process which consists basically feature extraction and classification. After extracting the candidate regions, the main idea is to perform both smoke recognition and smoke-no-smoke region classification using static and dynamic smoke characteristics. However, manual smoke detection cannot meet the requirements of a high smoke detection rate and has a long processing time. The convolutional neural network (CNN)-based smoke detection methods are significantly slower due to the maxpooling operation. In addition, the training phase can take a lot of time if the computer is not equipped with a powerful graphics processing unit (GPU). Thus, the contribution of this work is the development of a preprocessing step including a new combination of features—smoke color, smoke motion, and energy—to extract the regions of interest which are inserted within a simple architecture with the deep belief network (DBN). Our proposed method is able to classify and localize reliably the smoke regions providing an interesting computation time and improved performance metrics. First, the Gaussian mixture model (GMM) is employed to capture the frames containing a large amount of motion. After applying RGB rules to smoke pixels and analyzing the energy attitude of smoke regions, extracted features are then used to feed a DBN for classification. Experimental results conducted on the publicly available smoke detection database confirm that the DBN has reached a high detection rate that exceeded an average of 96% when tested on different videos containing smoke-like objects, which make smoke recognition more challenging. The proposed methodology provided high detection ratios and low false alarms, and guaranteed robustness verified by evaluations of accuracy, F1-score, and recall for noisy and non-noisy images with and without noise.

This paper presents a chronological survey of the art describing techniques implemented in different methods for video smoke detection in visible or infra-red range. These image processing techniques are joined to specific smoke features: color, motion, energy. Video smoke detection is extensively used in many military and security applications. To avoid huge scale damage joined to the smoke, smoke detection method should have an important detection rate. A comparative study is exhibited in this article between different methods to show the performance and the detection rate of each method.

Cette thèse aborde le problème de la détection des feux de forêt par des outils de traitement d’images et apprentissage machine. Un incendie de forêt est un feu qui se propage sur une étendue boisée. Il peut être d'origine naturelle (dû à la foudre ou à une éruption volcanique) ou humaine. Dans le monde entier, l’impact des feux de forêts sur de nombreux aspects de notre vie quotidienne se fait de plus en plus apparente sur l’écosystème entier. De nombreuses méthodes ont montré l’efficacité pour la détection des incendies de forêt. L’originalité du présent travail réside dans la détection précoce des incendies par la détection de la fumée de forêt et la classification des régions de fumée et de non fumée à l’aide d’apprentissage profond et des outils de traitement d’image. Un ensemble de techniques de prétraitement nous a aidé à avoir une base de donnée importante (ajout du bruit aux entrées, augmentation des données) qui nous a permis après de tester la robustesse du modèle basée sur le DBN qu’on a proposé et évaluer la performance en calculant les métriques suivantes (IoU, Précision, Rappel, F1 score). Finalement, l’algorithme proposé est testé sur plusieurs images afin de valider son efficacité. Les simulations de notre algorithme ont été comparées avec celles traités dans l’état de l’art (Deep CNN, SVM…) et ont fourni de très bons résultats.