Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have recently been labeled as toxic constituents that exist in many aqueous environments. However, traditional methods used to determine the level of PFASs are often not appropriate for continuous environmental monitoring and management. Based on the current state of research, PFAS-detecting sensors have surfaced as a promising method of determination. These sensors are an innovative solution with characteristics that allow for in situ, low-cost, and easy-to-use capabilities. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the recent developments in PFAS-detecting sensors, and why the literature on determination methods has shifted in this direction compared to the traditional methods used. PFAS-detecting sensors discussed herein are primarily categorized in terms of the detection mechanism used. The topics covered also include the current limitations, as well as insight on the future direction of PFAS analyses. This paper is expected to be useful for the smart sensing technology development of PFAS detection methods and the associated environmental management best practices in smart cities of the future.

The use of self-compacting concrete (SCC) has been established; however, novel methods for optimizing and providing suitable workability are still developing. The effect of magnetized water on SCC, by keeping the dosage of superplasticizer constant and reducing the ratio of water-to-cement, was investigated. Results showed a 10% decrease in the amount of water required and a 12% increase in compressive strength. Moreover, the effect of magnetized water on the dosage of superplasticizer in SCC, for making a specific spread diameter ($600\pm 10\mathrm{mm}$ ) was studied. Results indicated that use of magnetized water in self-compacting concrete can reduce superplasticizer dosage by up 30%.